いまさら聞けない Linux コンテナの基礎 / KOF 2015

KOF 2015 の発表資料です。
参考となる情報にはPDF中からリンクをしていますが、資料中のリンクは Speaker Deck 上ではクリックできないので PDF をダウンロードしてご覧ください。

Transcript

1. ͍·͞Βฉ͚ͳ͍
   Linuxίϯςφͷجૅ
   KOF 2015
   Ճ౻ହจ
   lxc-jp
   2015-11-06
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 1 / 53
   

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2. ࣗݾ঺հ
   Ճ౻ହจ
   http://www.ten-forward.ws/
   @ten forward
   http://gplus.to/tenforward
   https://github.com/tenforward
   http://d.hatena.ne.jp/defiant/ (ٕज़ϒϩά)
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 2 / 53
   

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3. ࣗݾ঺հ
   ϑΝʔεταʔόɹج൫։ൃ෦ɹॴଐ
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 3 / 53
   

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4. ࣗݾ঺հ
   Plamo Linux ϝϯςφ
   LXC ͰֶͿίϯςφೖ໳ɹʔܰྔԾ૝Խ؀ڥΛ࣮ݱ͢Δٕज़
   gihyo.jp Ͱ࿈ࡌ
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 4 / 53
   

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5. ࣗݾ঺հ
   LXC ͷ։ൃʹগ͠ࢀՃ
   man page ͷ೔ຊޠ༁
   ެࣜϖʔδ (linuxcontainers.org) ຋༁
   όάϑΟοΫεͳͲগ͚ͩ͠ίʔυʹ΋ߩݙ
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 5 / 53
   

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6. ࠓ೔ͷ໨ඪ
   ίϯςφͷ֓ཁΛཧղ͢Δ
   Linux Χʔωϧ͕࣋ͭίϯςφ͕࢖͏ओཁͳػೳΛ֮͑Δ
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 6 / 53
   

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7. ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰
   ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
   Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
   Namespace
   σϞ
   Cgroup
   σϞ
   ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
   ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
   ·ͱΊ
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 7 / 53
   

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8. ίϯςφ֓ཁ
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 8 / 53
   

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9. ίϯςφͱ͸
   Ծ૝తͳίϯϐϡʔλɾγεςϜΛ࠶ݱ͢ΔԾ૝Ϛγϯʹର
   ͯ͠ɺԾ૝తͳ OS ؀ڥΛఏڙ͢Δ
   ˠ OS ϨϕϧͷԾ૝Խ
   Χʔωϧ͔ΒݟΔͱී௨ʹϓϩηε͕ىಈ͢Δ͚ͩ
   ىಈ͢Δࡍʹִ཭Λࢦࣔ͢Δ
   ΧʔωϧͷػೳͰ (ෳ਺ͷ) ಠཱۭͨؒ͠Λ࡞Γग़͠ɼϦιʔ
   εΛ෼ׂɾ෼഑͢Δ
   ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓԽͯ͠ଞͷάϧʔϓͱϦιʔεۭؒΛִ཭
   άϧʔϓԽͨ͠ϓϩηεʹର͢ΔϦιʔε੍ݶ
   Ծ૝Խͱ͍͏ΑΓʮִ཭Խʯͱݴͬͨ΄͏͕Θ͔Γ΍͍͔͢΋
   Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 9 / 53
   

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10. ίϯςφͷϝϦοτ
    ߴີ౓Խ͕Մೳ
    ىಈ͍ͯ͠Δ OS (Χʔωϧ) ͸Ұͭ
    Φʔόʔϔου͕খ͍͞
    ϋʔυ΢ΣΞͷԾ૝Խ͕ෆཁ
    ىಈ͕ૣ͍
    Ծ૝ϚγϯͷىಈͰ͸ͳ͘ɼϗετ OS ͔ΒݟͨΒ୯ʹϓϩ
    ηε͕ىಈ͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩͳͷͰɼී௨ͷϓϩάϥϜ͕ىಈ͢Δ
    ͷͱ΄ͱΜͲมΘΒͳ͍
    ඞͣ͠΋γεςϜΛಈ͔͢ඞཁ͸ͳ͍ (ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯί
    ϯςφ)
    ྫ͑͹ίϯςφ಺Ͱ͸ httpd ͷΈ͕ಈ͍͍ͯΔ
    ίϯςφʹϝϞϦΛݻఆతʹׂΓ౰ͯΔඞཁ͕ͳ͍
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 10 / 53
    

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11. ίϯςφͷσϝϦοτ
    ҟͳΔ OS ͷγεςϜ / ϓϩάϥϜ͸ಈ͔ͤͳ͍
    ୯ʹϗετ OS ্Ͱϓϩηε͕ىಈ͢Δ͚ͩͳͷͰ౰ͨΓલ
    ΧʔωϧʹؔΘΔૢ࡞͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍
    ىಈ͍ͯ͠ΔΧʔωϧ͸มΘΒͳ͍ͷͰ
    ίϯςφຖʹϩʔυ͢ΔϞδϡʔϧΛม͑ΔͳͲ
    Χʔωϧͷ࣮૷͸ෳࡶʹͳΔ
    શͯΧʔωϧͷػೳͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 11 / 53
    

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12. ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰
    ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
    Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Namespace
    σϞ
    Cgroup
    σϞ
    ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ·ͱΊ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 12 / 53
    

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13. Linuxʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓
    ૊Έ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 13 / 53
    

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14. (ͨ·ʹݟ͔͚Δ)ίϯςφͷྺ࢙͔Βݟͨ
    Linuxίϯςφʹର͢Δޡղ
    1979 ೥ʹ chroot(2) γεςϜίʔϧ͕ Version 7 Unix ʹɺ
    1983 ೥ʹ 4.2BSD ʹಋೖ͞ΕΔ
    2000 ೥ʹ FreeBSD jail ͕ FreeBSD 4.0 ʹಋೖ
    ʰDocker? ͦΜͳ΋Μ jail Ͱͣͬͱલ͔ΒͰ͖ͯΔʱ(Docker
    ੝Γ্͕͖ͬͯͨ࣌ͷΦοαϯͷ੠) ˠ ʷؒҧ͍
    2005 ೥ʹ Solaris Containers ొ৔
    2008 ೥ʹ Linux ʹ Cgroup ͕ಋೖ
    ʰ͜ΕͰ Linux Ͱ΋͍ͭʹίϯςφ͕ՄೳʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ʱ
    ˠʷؒҧ͍
    2014 ೥ Docker 1.0 ϦϦʔε (LXC 1.0 ΋ϦϦʔε)
    ʰCgroup ͷొ৔Ͱ Linux Ͱ΋ίϯςφ͕Մೳʹʯ͕ؒҧ͍ͳཧ༝
    ͸͜ͷޙΘ͔Γ·͢ :-)
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 14 / 53
    

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15. Linuxʹ͓͚Δίϯςφ͸Χʔωϧʹʰίϯ
    ςφʱͱ͍͏୯Ұͷػೳ͕࣮૷͞Ε࣮ͯݱ͠
    ͍ͯΔΘ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 15 / 53
    

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16. Linux ͰίϯςφΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊͷػೳ
    Linux Χʔωϧʹؚ·ΕΔ৭ʑͳػೳΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͯίϯςφ؀
    ڥΛ࡞੒͢ΔɻͦΕͧΕͷػೳ͸ίϯςφઐ༻ͷػೳͱ͍͏Θ͚
    Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻ
    ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓԽͯ͠ଞͷάϧʔϓͱִ཭
    OS Ϧιʔεͷִ཭
    ˠ Namespace (໊લۭؒ)
    άϧʔϓԽͨ͠ϓϩηεʹର͢ΔϦιʔε੍ݶ
    ϗετͷ෺ཧϦιʔεʹର͢Δ੍ݶ
    ˠ Cgroup (control group)
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 16 / 53
    

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17. LinuxͰίϯςφΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊͷػೳ
    ͦͷଞ
    ωοτϫʔΫ (veth, macvlan ͳͲ)
    έʔύϏϦςΟ
    chroot (pivot root)
    bind mount
    Checkpoint/Restore (CRIU)
    ͳͲͳͲ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 17 / 53
    

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18. Linuxͷίϯςφ࣮૷ྫ
    Docker (libcontainer)
    Docker தͷίϯςφΛѻ͏ͨΊͷϥΠϒϥϦ͕ libcontainerɻΞϓϦ
    έʔγϣϯίϯςφͷ࣮ߦʹಛԽɻ
    LXC/LXD
    Ubuntu Λத৺ʹ։ൃɻओʹγεςϜίϯςφΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱΛલఏʹ࡞
    ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίϯςφͷ࣮ߦ΋Մೳɻඇಛݖίϯςφ
    ͕࣮ߦͰ͖Δɻ
    OpenVZ
    Linux ͷίϯςφ࣮૷ͱͯ͠͸ݹ͔͘Β͋Δ࣮૷ͷͻͱͭɻ2000 ೥͝Ζ
    ͔ΒɻΧʔωϧʹύονΛద༻͢ΔɻΧʔωϧʹ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔίϯςφ
    ؔ࿈ػೳ͸ OpenVZ ༝དྷͷػೳ͕ଟ਺͋ΔɻOpenVZ Λϕʔεʹͨ͠঎
    ༻൛ Virtuozzo ͕ଘࡏ͢Δɻ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 18 / 53
    

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19. Linuxͷίϯςφ࣮૷ྫ
    rkt
    CoreOS ͕ࣾ։ൃ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίϯςφͷϥϯλΠϜɻ
    systemd
    ͝ଘ஌ Linux ޲͚ͷ࠷ۙओྲྀͱͳͬͨ init ࣮૷ͷͻͱͭɻίϯςφΛѻ͏
    ίϚϯυ΍࢓૊Έ΋಺แ͍ͯ͠Δ
    MINCS
    γΣϧεΫϦϓτͰॻ͔Εͨίϯςφ࣮૷
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 19 / 53
    

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20. ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰
    ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
    Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Namespace
    σϞ
    Cgroup
    σϞ
    ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ·ͱΊ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 20 / 53
    

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21. Linuxʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Namespace
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 21 / 53
    

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22. Namespace(໊લۭؒ)
    ִ཭͍ͨ͠ OS Ϧιʔε͝ͱʹ Namespace ͕४උ͞ΕΔ
    Ұ෦ͷ Namespace ͚ͩ࢖༻ִͯ͠཭؀ڥΛ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 22 / 53
    

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23. Namespace ͷछྨ (1)
    Mount Namespace: 2.4.19
    ϓϩηε͔Βݟ͍͑ͯΔϚ΢ϯτͷू߹ɼૢ࡞Λ෼཭͢Δɽ
    Namespace ಺ͷ mount, umount ͸ଞͷ Namespace ʹ͸Ө
    ڹ͠ͳ͍
    (ࢀߟ) Ϛ΢ϯτ໊લۭؒΛద༻͢Δ (IBM developerWorks)
    UTS Namespace: 2.6.19
    ϗετ໊ͳͲɼuname(2) ͕ฦ͢஋ͷू߹Λ෼཭ɽ
    setdomainname(2), sethostname(2) Ͱ Namespace ಺ͷ஋
    ͷΈมߋͰ͖Δ
    PID Namespace: 2.6.24
    PID ۭؒͷ෼཭ɽ৽͍͠ PID Namespace Ͱ͸ PID 1 ͔Β࢝
    ·Δ PID ׂ͕Γ౰ͯΒΕΔɽ਌͔Βࢠͷ PID Namespace ͸
    ݟ͑Δ (਌ͷۭؒͷ PID Λ࣋ͭ) ͕ɼࢠ͔Β਌͸ݟ͑ͳ͍
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 23 / 53
    

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24. Namespace ͷछྨ (2)
    IPC Namespace: 2.6.19
    SysV IPC ΦϒδΣΫτɼPOSIX ϝοηʔδΩϡʔͷִ཭
    User Namespace: 2.6.23 ˜ 3.8
    ಠཱͨ͠ UID/GID ۭؒͱ֎෦ۭؒͷϚοϐϯά (ྫ͑͹ɼִ
    ཭ۭؒͰ͸ uid/gid 0/0ɼ֎෦Ͱ͸ 1000/1000 ͱ͔Մೳʹ
    ͳΔ)
    Network Namespace: 2.6.26
    ωοτϫʔΫϦιʔεͷִ཭ɽωοτϫʔΫσόΠεɼΞυϨ
    εɼϧʔςΟϯάςʔϒϧɼιέοτɼϑΟϧλϦϯά
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 24 / 53
    

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25. Namespace ͷૢ࡞ (γεςϜίʔϧ)
    clone(2) Ͱ৽͍͠ϓϩηε Λੜ੒
    unshare(2) Ͱ৽͍͠ϓϩηεΛੜ੒ͤͣʹ࣮ߦίϯςΩετ
    Λ੍ޚ͢Δ
    setns(2) ͰϓϩηεΛطଘ ͷ Namespace ʹؔ࿈෇͚Δ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 25 / 53
    

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26. NamespaceσϞ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 26 / 53
    

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27. ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰
    ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
    Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Namespace
    σϞ
    Cgroup
    σϞ
    ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ·ͱΊ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 27 / 53
    

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28. Linuxʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Cgroup
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 28 / 53
    

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29. Cgroupͱ͸
    ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓԽ͠ɺάϧʔϓʹରͯ͠Ϧιʔε੍ݶΛߦ͏ɻ
    ίϯςφઐ༻ͷ࢓૊ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ɻ
    Cgroup ͷಛ௃
    ػೳ͝ͱʹαϒγεςϜʹ෼͔ΕΔ
    cgroupfs ΛϚ΢ϯτͯ͠σΟϨΫτϦͰάϧʔϓΛද͢
    ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓ಺ͷ tasks ϑΝΠϧʹ௥Ճ͢Δͱؔ࿈͢Δ
    λεΫ͕εϨου୯ҐͰάϧʔϓʹ௥Ճ͞ΕΔ
    ෳ਺֊૚ߏ଄ɻվ଄ߏ଄͝ͱʹҟͳΔπϦʔΛ࡞੒Ͱ͖Δɻͨ
    ͩ͠ɺҰͭͷαϒγεςϜ͕ॴଐͰ͖ΔπϦʔ͸Ұͭ
    πϦʔͷͲͷϨϕϧͷάϧʔϓʹ΋λεΫ͕ॴଐͰ͖Δ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 29 / 53
    

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30. Cgroupͷ֊૚ߏ଄
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 30 / 53
    

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31. CgroupͷαϒγεςϜ
    cpu: 2.6.24
    CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler) bandwidth controlɽ୯Ґ
    ࣌ؒ಺ͷάϧʔϓ಺ͷλεΫ͕࣮ߦͰ͖Δ߹ܭ࣌ؒΛ੍ݶ͢Δ
    (3.2 Ͱ࣮૷)
    ૬ର഑෼ɽάϧʔϓؒͷ CPU ࣌ؒͷׂ౰ͷׂ߹Λࢦఆ͢Δɽ
    ྫ͑͹ GroupA=100,GroupB=50 ͱ͢Δͱ A:B=2:1
    cpuacct: 2.6.24
    άϧʔϓ಺ͷ CPU ϦιʔεͷϨϙʔτ (CPU ࣌ؒ)
    cpuset: 2.6.24
    ׂΓ౰ͯΔ CPU, ϝϞϦϊʔυͷׂ౰
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 31 / 53
    

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32. CgroupͷαϒγεςϜ
    device: 2.6.26
    σόΠε΁ͷΞΫηεڐՄɼ੍ݶͷࢦఆ
    freezer: 2.6.28
    άϧʔϓ಺ͷϓϩηεΛશͯҰ࣌ఀࢭ͢Δ
    memory: 2.6.29
    ϝϞϦϦιʔεͷ੍ݶ (ϢʔβϝϞϦɼΧʔωϧϝϞϦ)
    blkio (Block IO):
    I/O weight controller(2.6.33 Ҏ߱) άϧʔϓͷ༏ઌ౓Λࢦఆ
    ͢Δ
    I/O throttling(2.6.37 Ҏ߱) άϧʔϓ಺ͷϓϩηεͷσόΠ
    εʹର͢Δૢ࡞਺ͷ߹ܭͷࢦఆ
    (ࢀߟ)Linux2.6.37 ͷ৽ػೳ “I/O throttling”
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 32 / 53
    

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33. CgroupͷαϒγεςϜ
    hugetlb: 3.6
    cgroup ͔Βͷ hugetlb ͷ࢖༻
    perf event: 2.6.39
    άϧʔϓ୯ҐͰ perf πʔϧͰϞχλϦϯά (ύϑΥʔϚϯε
    ղੳ)
    net cls: 2.6.29
    ύέοτʹࣝผࢠΛ͚ͭɼτϥϑΟοΫίϯτϩʔϧ (tc) ͱ
    netfilter(3.14 Ҏ߱) ͰίϯτϩʔϧՄೳʹ
    Linux 3.14 Ͱ net cls cgroup ʹ௥Ճ͞Εͨ netfilter ରԠ
    net prio: 3.3
    άϧʔϓؒͰͷωοτϫʔΫͷ༏ઌ౓ΛΠϯλʔϑΣʔεຖʹ
    ࢦఆ͢Δ
    Linux 3.3 ͷ৽ػೳ Network priority cgroup
    Linux 3.3 ͷ৽ػೳ Network priority cgroup (2)
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 33 / 53
    

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34. CgroupͷαϒγεςϜ
    pids: 4.3
    fork() ΍ clone() ͰىಈͰ͖Δϓϩηε਺Λ੍ݶ͢Δ
    Linux 4.3 ͷ Process Number Controller (1)
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 34 / 53
    

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35. Cgroupͷ࢖͍ํ
    Cgroup ͸ίϯςφͱؔ܎ͳ͘࢖༻Մೳ
    
    # mount -t tmpfs cgroup_root /sys/fs/cgroup
    # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory
    # mount -t cgroup -o memory cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/memory (ϝϞϦαϒγεςϜͷ
    Ϛ΢ϯτ)
    # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test01 ("test01" ͱ͍͏άϧʔϓͷ࡞੒)
    # echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test01/tasks (ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓʹొ࿥)
    # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test01/tasks (άϧʔϓ಺ͷϓϩηεͷ֬ೝ)
    2824
    2837
    # echo 30M > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test01/memory.limit_in_bytes
    (άϧʔϓʹରͯ͠ϝϞϦ্ݶ 30M ͱ͍͏੍ݶΛઃఆ)
    # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test01/memory.limit_in_bytes (੍ݶ஋ͷ֬ೝ)
    31457280
    # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test01/memory.usage_in_bytes (ݱࡏͷ࢖༻ྔͷ֬ೝ)
    565248
    
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 35 / 53
    

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36. cgroupσϞ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 36 / 53
    

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37. ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰
    ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
    Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Namespace
    σϞ
    Cgroup
    σϞ
    ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ·ͱΊ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 37 / 53
    

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38. Linuxʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    ωοτϫʔΫػೳ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 38 / 53
    

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39. ίϯςφͰ࢖͏ωοτϫʔΫػೳ ʙ veth
    OpenVZ/Virtuozzo ༝དྷͷػೳ
    ରͱͳΔΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛੜ੒͠ɼΠϯλʔϑΣʔεؒͰ
    ௨৴Λߦ͏ (Layer2 ͷτϯωϧ)
    ରͷยํΛϗετଆͷϒϦοδʹɼยํΛίϯςφʹ઀ଓ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 39 / 53
    

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40. ίϯςφͰ࢖͏ωοτϫʔΫػೳ ʙ macvlan
    ෺ཧΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʹผͷ MAC ΞυϨε͕෇͍ͨԾ૝త
    ͳ৽͍͠ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࡞੒ɽ͜ͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ
    ίϯςφʹׂ౰
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 40 / 53
    

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41. ࠓ೔ͷ಺༰
    ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
    Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    Namespace
    σϞ
    Cgroup
    σϞ
    ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ (͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹)
    ·ͱΊ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 41 / 53
    

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42. LinuxΧʔωϧͷίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍
    ػೳ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 42 / 53
    

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43. CRIU(1)
    http://criu.org/
    OpenVZ ϓϩδΣΫτͷ Checkpoint/Restore ࣮૷
    ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ͋Δ࣌఺ͷঢ়ଶΛอଘ͠ɺ࠶։Ͱ͖Δ
    Χʔωϧ 3.11 Ҏ߱Ͱ࢖༻Մೳ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 43 / 53
    

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44. CRIU(2)
    
    $ sudo criu dump -D checkpoint -t 1234 (PID:1234 ͷϓϩηεͷ৘ใΛμϯϓͯ͠
    checkpoint σΟϨΫτϦʹอଘ)
    $ ls ./checkpoint
    cgroup.img fdinfo-17.img inventory.img pages-15.img
    core-170.img fdinfo-18.img ipcns-msg-9.img pages-16.img
    core-176.img fdinfo-2.img ipcns-sem-9.img pages-17.img
    core-1.img fdinfo-3.img ipcns-shm-9.img pages-1.img
    core-260.img fdinfo-4.img ipcns-var-9.img pages-2.img
    core-261.img fdinfo-5.img iptables-8.img pages-3.img
    : (snip)
    $ sudo criu restore -D checkpoint -d (checkpoint σΟϨΫτϦͷμϯϓΠϝʔδΛ
    ࢖ͬͯϦετΞ)
    
    (ॲཧͷུ֓Λॻ͍͚ͨͩͳͷͰ࣮ࡍ͸৭ʑΦϓγϣϯΛࢦఆͨ͠Γ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢)
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 44 / 53
    

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45. overlayfs
    Union Filesystem (aufs ͱҰॹ)
    ෳ਺ͷσΟϨΫτϦΛಁաతʹॏͶ͋ΘͤͯͻͱͭʹݟͤΒ
    ΕΔ
    ίϯςφͱ͸௚઀ؔ܎ͳ͍
    3.18 kernel ͰϚʔδ
    ίϯςφͷΫϩʔϯΛ࡞੒͢Δͱ͖ͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜͱ͠
    ͯ LXC ͔Βར༻Ͱ͖Δ
    Ubuntu/Plamo ͩͱඇಛݖίϯςφͷΫϩʔϯʹ΋࢖͑Δ
    Docker Ͱ΋ར༻Ͱ͖Δ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 45 / 53
    

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46. overlayfs࣮ߦྫ
    
    # mkdir lower upper overlay work
    # ls -F
    lower/ overlay/ upper/ work/
    # touch lower/lower
    # touch upper/upper
    # mount -n -t overlay \
    > -o lowerdir=lower,upperdir=upper,workdir=work \
    > overlay overlay
    # ls overlay/
    lower upper
    # touch overlay/test
    # ls overlay/
    lower test upper
    # ls upper/
    test upper
    
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 46 / 53
    

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47. overlayfsσϞ
    1 lower, upper, work, overlay σΟϨΫτϦ࡞੒
    2 lower, upper ʹϑΝΠϧ࡞੒
    3 overlayfs Ϛ΢ϯτ
    4 Ϛ΢ϯτͨ͠σΟϨΫτϦ (overlay) ʹ lower, upper ʹଘࡏ
    ͢ΔϑΝΠϧ͕྆ํݟ͍͑ͯΔͷΛ֬ೝ
    5 Ϛ΢ϯτͨ͠σΟϨΫτϦ (overlay) ͰϑΝΠϧ࡞੒
    6 ࡞੒ͨ͠ϑΝΠϧ͕ upper ʹͰ͖͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ
    7 ΞϯϚ΢ϯτͨ͋͠ͱͷ֤σΟϨΫτϦΛ֬ೝ
    https://asciinema.org/a/24151
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 47 / 53
    

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48. ·ͱΊ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 48 / 53
    

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49. ·ͱΊ
    ίϯςφͷ֓ཁ
    Linux ʹ͓͚Δίϯςφͷ࢓૊Έ
    ίϯςφ͸Χʔωϧʹ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ৭ʑͳػೳͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ
    Ͱ࣮ݱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    Namespace
    OS Ϧιʔεͷִ཭
    Cgroup
    ϗετͷ෺ཧϦιʔεͷ੍ݶ
    ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ػೳ
    veth
    macvlan
    ίϯςφͰ࢖͑Δ໘ന͍ػೳ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 49 / 53
    

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50. lxc-jp
    LXC ʹݶΒͣίϯςφͷ࿩୊Λѻ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
    https://groups.google.com/d/forum/lxc-jp
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 50 / 53
    

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51. ίϯςφܕԾ૝Խͷ৘ใަ׵ձ
    https://sites.google.com/site/containerstudy/
    http://ct-study.connpass.com/
    ίϯςφٕज़ʹؔ࿈͢Δ࿩୊Λѻ͏
    ίϯςφʹؔ࿈͢ΔΧʔωϧͷ࣮૷ʹ͍ͭͯ
    ֤छπʔϧΩοτͷ঺հɼ࣮૷ʹ͍ͭͯ
    ίϯςφٕज़Λ࢖ͬͨπʔϧ΍ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ঺հ΍࣮૷ʹͭ
    ͍ͯ
    ίϯςφٕज़ͷ׆༻ɾӡ༻ࣄྫ
    ͦͷଞʮίϯςφʯͱ͍͏Ωʔϫʔυ͕গ͠Ͱ΋ೖ͍ͬͯΔٕ
    ज़ʹ͍ͭͯ
    ͜Ε·Ͱେࡕͱ౦ژͰަޓʹ 8 ճ࣮ࢪɻ࣍ճ͸෱Ԭͷ༧ఆɻ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 51 / 53
    

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52. ڠྗऀืू
    ҎԼͷ຋༁Λߦ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ͕࣌ؒ͋Δͱ͖͚ͩͰ΋ྑ͍ͷ
    ͰϨϏϡʔɺमਖ਼ɺվྑΛͯͩ͘͠͞Δํ׻ܴ͠·͢ɻ
    LXC ϚχϡΞϧ (man pages)
    linuxcontainers.org ίϯςϯπ
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 52 / 53
    

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53. ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠
    Ճ౻ହจ (lxc-jp) KOF 2015 2015-11-06 53 / 53
    

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