Intro to Nginx

slides from my palestra @fisl14 on Porto Alegre

Transcript

1. Just a friendly disclaimer before we start.
2. Que e isso cara? #Fisl14, @MartinLoy
3. $ ls -l /palestras/nx/topics/* - apropos nginx - diff apache nginx - config && syntax; - locations - proxy module - upstream module - using (php|python|ruby|websockets|*) - good practices && debugging tips - extras
4. Rise up!
5. $ apropos nginx - Small, powerful, scalable web|proxy server. - Russian engineering. - BSD license. - Market Share 14.3% - It's pronounced “engine X” - Also an e-mail (imap|pop3) proxy.
6. $ diff apache nginx Apache prefork|worker|events* Modular (a2enmod) .htaccess Nginx Async I/O, Event Loop Recompile to add* Configuration syntax & Rewrite Rules
7. Config && syntax;
8. $ man nginx.conf 3 main contexts http | server | location variables and methods are lowercases and only support a-z and underscore set $var foo; set_header X-Example bar; http://wiki.nginx.org/Http{X}Module#{method}
9. @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#server_name server { server_name example.com; server_name a.com b.com; server_name *.test.com; server_name _; }
10. @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#listen server { server_name *.test.com; listen localhost:8000; listen 127.0.0.1:443 ssl; listen 8000 default; listen *:8000; listen unix:/tmp/nginx.sock; }
11. @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#root server { server_name *.test.com; listen 127.0.0.1:8000; root /var/www/test; access_log /var/log/nginx/acces.log; }
12. Locations
13. @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpCoreModule#location location = /admin { ... } /admin location / { ... } /index.html /example/test.html /match.any location /docs { ... } /docs/example.html location ^~ /images { ... } /images/avatar.gif location ~* (jpg|gif|png) { ... } /docs/1.gif
14. $ locations > mod_rewrite location /imgs { if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) { rewrite ^ http://disney.com? permanent; } try_files $uri $uri/ /error.gif; }
15. Dynamic Content
16. $ Proxy Module location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://myBackend/app; proxy_redirect /app /; proxy_read_timeout 30s; } @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpProxyModule
17. Caching with nginx location / { proxy_pass http://myBackend; proxy_cache_valid 200 301 302 2h; proxy_cache_valid any 1m; proxy_cache_bypass $nocache_cookie; proxy_cache_key "$user_cookie$host$uri"; proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control; } proxy_cache_use_stale error | timeout | updating | http_500 | http_502 | http_503 | http_404
18. $ Upstream Module upstream myBackendFarm { server 10.0.1.1 weight=2; server 10.0.1.2 weight=10 keepalive=5; server 10.0.1.3 down; server 10.0.1.4 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=5s; server 10.0.1.5 backup; [ fair | hash | sticky | + ] } @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpUpstreamModule
19. $ use (php|python|ruby|*) proxy_pass | fastcgi_pass | uwsgi_pass .php php-fpm 5.3.2+ .py wsgi, passenger, gunicorn. .rb rack, passenger, unicorn, thin, goliath. .* (http|socket)
20. $ nginx && websockets location /chat { proxy_pass http://myBackend; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade"; } @ http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/websocket.html
21. Good Practices & Debugging tips
22. Configuration Tips $ /etc/init.d/nginx configtest # use some extra headers to help you out add_header X-foo $var; # nginx built in debug_connection debug_connection 127.0.0.1; @ http://wiki.nginx.org/IfIsEvil
23. @ http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLogModule#log_format log_format multidomain-multiproxy-geoip $host - { combined apache log format } - Cache: $upstream_cache_status $upstream_status $upstream_response_time $upstream_addr - Geo: $geoip_city_country_code $geoip_region
24. Cli tools $ tail -f /var/log/nginx/*error.log $ w3m -dump_head http://myBackend/img/a.gif Content-Type: image/gif Last-Modified: Fri, 28 Jun 2013 15:57:46 GMT Cache-Control: max-age=864000 ETag: "e4f5659cd8bfb08fec2dc98e8450c414" Expires: Wed, 10 Jul 2013 07:24:03 GMT $ wget http://127.0.0.1/nx_stub -O - Active connections: 2676 server accepts handled requests 84315896 84315896 189890279 Reading: 204 Writing: 13 Waiting: 2459
25. @ http://wiki.nginx.org/3rdPartyModules
26. # Cache Backends redis, memcache, mongo, purge # Security mod_security, naxsi, http pam # Media image filter, mp4, thumb extractor # Misc php, form parser, rdd, download $ ls -l /nx/3rdPartyMods/* # Optimizers pagespeed, css, js min # Monitoring statsd, sflow, syslog # Real FUN ! lua, perl, python, javascript # more awesomeness openresty, upload, push/comet
27. ASK me Anything NGINX related! & GET /some-alfajores
28. contact me @martinloy | github.com/tombar
29. @martinloy github.com/tombar