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A Computer Called "Watson"

Avatar for James Thomas James Thomas
September 17, 2012
Technology
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A Computer Called "Watson"

LondonJS talk on the technology behind IBM Watson.

Avatar for James Thomas

James Thomas

September 17, 2012
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Transcript

  1. A Computer Called “Watson” James Thomas, IBM Emerging Tech COVER

    PHOTO Add cover photo Monday, 17 September 2012

  2. GARY KASPAROV VERSUS “DEEP BLUE” MAY 1997 Monday, 17 September

    2012

  3. BLUE GENE DECEMBER 1999 Monday, 17 September 2012

  4. “Fast forward to 2004...” Monday, 17 September 2012

  5. JEOPARDY QUIZ SHOW Monday, 17 September 2012

  6. KEN JENNINGS CHAMPION OF CHAMPIONS Monday, 17 September 2012

  7. KEN JENNINGS CHAMPION OF CHAMPIONS KEN’S PERFORMANCE Monday, 17 September

    2012

  8. What if we build a computer to play Jeopardy? Monday,

    17 September 2012

  9. What if we build a computer to play Jeopardy? It’s

    way too hard Monday, 17 September 2012

  10. Jeopardy! Finite, mathematically defined search space Limited number of moves

    and states Symbols completed grounded in mathematical rules of the games Chess Enormous problem domain and search space Source material is inherently unstructured information Advanced natural language processing Monday, 17 September 2012

  11. BASELINE PERFORMANCE INITIAL EXPERIMENT Monday, 17 September 2012

  12. “Fast forward to 2007...” Monday, 17 September 2012

  13. DR. DAVID FERRUCCI - “WATSON” TEAM DIRECTOR 2007 - 2011

    Monday, 17 September 2012

  14. SIMULATING JEOPARDY! MATCHES Monday, 17 September 2012

  15. BASELINE PERFORMANCE INITIAL EXPERIMENT Monday, 17 September 2012

  16. WATSON WAS READY FEBRUARY 2011 Monday, 17 September 2012

  17. Watson Jeopardy! Challenge February 14-16 2011. Ken Jennings Brad Rutter

    Monday, 17 September 2012

  18. WATSON 1 - HUMANS 0 FEBRUARY 16, 2011 Monday, 17

    September 2012

  19. “Its largest airport is named for a WWII hero; its

    second largest, for a WWII battle” Category: US Cities Monday, 17 September 2012

  20. “Its largest airport is named for a WWII hero; its

    second largest, for a WWII battle” Category: US Cities Watson: Toronto Monday, 17 September 2012

  21. How does it work? Monday, 17 September 2012

  22. WATSON ARCHITECTURE - DEEPQA MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROBABILISTIC EVIDENCE-BASED ARCHITECTURE Monday,

    17 September 2012

  23. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURE PHASES Question Analysis Primary Search Candidate Answer Generation

    Evidence Retrieval Evidence Scoring Merging and Ranking Monday, 17 September 2012

  24. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES QUESTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY: CAPITALS QUESTION: WHAT IS

    THE CAPITAL OF SAMOA? Monday, 17 September 2012

  25. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES QUESTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY: POETS & POETRY QUESTION:

    HE WAS A BANK CLERK IN THE YUKON BEFORE HE PUBLISHED “SONGS OF SOURDOUGH” IN 1907. Monday, 17 September 2012

  26. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES QUESTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY: POETS & POETRY QUESTION:

    HE WAS A BANK CLERK IN THE YUKON BEFORE HE PUBLISHED “SONGS OF SOURDOUGH” IN 1907. DISCOVER: FOCUS Monday, 17 September 2012

  27. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES QUESTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY: POETS & POETRY QUESTION:

    HE WAS A BANK CLERK IN THE YUKON BEFORE HE PUBLISHED “SONGS OF SOURDOUGH” IN 1907. DISCOVER: LEXICAL ANSWER TYPE Monday, 17 September 2012

  28. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES QUESTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY: POETS & POETRY QUESTION:

    HE WAS A BANK CLERK IN THE YUKON BEFORE HE PUBLISHED “SONGS OF SOURDOUGH” IN 1907. DISCOVER: RELATIONSHIPS Monday, 17 September 2012

  29. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES QUESTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY: POETS & POETRY QUESTION:

    HE WAS A BANK CLERK IN THE YUKON BEFORE HE PUBLISHED “SONGS OF SOURDOUGH” IN 1907. DISCOVER: QUESTION CLASS Monday, 17 September 2012

  30. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES HYPOTHESIS GENERATION Hypothesis generation consists of two

    phases... Monday, 17 September 2012

  31. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES HYPOTHESIS GENERATION Primary Search Monday, 17 September

    2012

  32. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES HYPOTHESIS GENERATION Data Sources - Unstructured Wikipedia

    IMDb Encyclopaedias Dictionaries Thesauri Literary Works Newswire Articles Monday, 17 September 2012

  33. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES HYPOTHESIS GENERATION Data Sources - Structured DBpedia

    Wordnet YAGO Monday, 17 September 2012

  34. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES HYPOTHESIS GENERATION Candidate Answer Generation Monday, 17

    September 2012

  35. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES EVIDENCE RETRIEVAL Watson then searches for additional

    evidence... Monday, 17 September 2012

  36. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES EVIDENCE SCORING Deep Scoring Monday, 17 September

    2012

  37. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES EVIDENCE SCORING 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

    Temporal Geospatial LAT Popularity Deep Scoring Christopher Columbus Vasco De Gamma Monday, 17 September 2012

  38. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES FINAL MERGING AND RANKING Answer Merging Monday,

    17 September 2012

  39. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES FINAL MERGING AND RANKING Answer Merging Monday,

    17 September 2012

  40. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES FINAL MERGING AND RANKING Answer Ranking ISAAC

    NEWTON [0.10, 0.45 ... 0.78, 0.12] ??? ANSWER SCORES RANK EDMOND HALLEY [0.31, 0.52 ... 0.08, 0.72] ??? WILHELM TEMPEL [0.21, 0.54 ... 0.18, 0.92] ??? PETER SELLERS [0.14, 0.04 ... 0.25, 0.41] ??? Monday, 17 September 2012

  41. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES FINAL MERGING AND RANKING Monday, 17 September

    2012

  42. DEEPQA ARCHITECTURAL PHASES FINAL MERGING AND RANKING Answer Ranking ISAAC

    NEWTON [0.10 ... 0.12] 3 ANSWER SCORES RANK EDMOND HALLEY [0.31 ... 0.72] 1 WILHELM TEMPEL [0.21 ... 0.92] 2 PETER SELLERS [0.14 ... 0.41] 4 0.14 CONFIDENCE 0.78 0.34 0.04 Monday, 17 September 2012

  43. DEEPQA PERFORMANCE SCALING CHALLENGES Need to answer within a few

    seconds.... Monday, 17 September 2012

  44. DEEPQA PERFORMANCE SCALING CHALLENGES Need to answer within a few

    seconds.... Early implementation took over two hours Monday, 17 September 2012

  45. SCALING WATSON Monday, 17 September 2012

  46. WATSON HARDWARE NINETY POWER 750 SERVERS 2880 POWER7 PROCESSOR CORES

    16 TERABYTES OF RAM Monday, 17 September 2012

  47. WATSON 1 - HUMANS 0 FEBRUARY 16, 2011 Monday, 17

    September 2012

  48. PUTTING WATSON TO WORK What’s next? Monday, 17 September 2012

  49. PUTTING WATSON TO WORK HEALTHCARE Monday, 17 September 2012

  50. QUESTIONS? Monday, 17 September 2012