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The PHP 5.4 Features You'll Actually Use

Lorna Mitchell
September 01, 2012

The PHP 5.4 Features You'll Actually Use

Slides from my CakeFest talk in Manchester 2012

Lorna Mitchell

September 01, 2012
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  1. About Me • Lorna Jane Mitchell • PHP Consultant/Developer •

    Author of PHP Master • Twitter: @lornajane • Website: http://lornajane.net
  2. About PHP 5.4 • New features • Traits • Built-in

    webserver • New array syntax and dereferencing • And more! • Removed some nonsense • This talk covers the best bits* * an entirely subjective selection
  3. Array Syntax We had this: $game[] = 'paper'; $game[] =

    'scissors'; $game[] = 'stone'; print_r($game); $game[0] = 'paper'; $game[1] = 'scissors'; $game[2] = 'stone'; print_r($game);
  4. Array Syntax Or this: $game = array('stone', 'paper', 'scissors'); print_r($game);

    $game = array(0 => 'stone', 1 => 'paper', 2 => 'scissors'); print_r($game);
  5. Array Syntax Now we can do: $game = ['scissors', 'stone',

    'paper']; print_r($game); $game = [0 => 'scissors', 1 => 'stone', 2 => 'paper']; print_r($game);
  6. Array Dereferencing When an array is returned, immediately pick an

    element from it function getList() { return ['Grumpy', 'Sleepy', 'Bashful', 'Doc']; } // grab first item from list $item = getList()[0]; echo $item; // Grumpy;
  7. PHP Versions Speed Comparison Benchmarks made using: • Newly-compiled vanilla

    PHP binaries • The bench.php script in the PHP source tree • A rather average laptop • 10 runs per version, then averaged
  8. Traits Re-usable groups of methods, in languages with single inheritance.

    • Declare a trait, it looks like a class • Add the trait to your class using the use keyword • Methods are available!
  9. Simplest Trait Example <?php trait Audit { public function getAuditTrail()

    { return "nothing changed"; } } class Princess { use Audit; // General princess class description: // soldering, tree climbing, the usual } $daisy = new Princess(); echo $daisy->getAuditTrail();
  10. Other Trait Trivia • They can be aliased when used

    • There are rules about resolving naming clashes • Traits can include properties • Traits can include abstract methods • Traits can themselves make use of other traits
  11. Built In Webserver Built in application server for PHP 5.4

    • Simple • Lightweight • Development use only From the manual: "Requests are served sequentially." http://lrnja.net/NQoXsh
  12. Webserver Examples Start a simple server on a port number

    of your choice php -S localhost:8080 http://localhost:8080
  13. Webserver Examples Specify the docroot php -S localhost:8080 -t /var/www/superproject

    Specify which php.ini to use (default: none) php -S localhost:8080 -c php.ini-development
  14. Webserver Examples Use a routing file (example from http://lrnja.net/LigI4U) <?php

    if (file_exists(__DIR__ . '/' . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) { return false; // serve the requested resource as-is } else { include_once 'index.php'; } routing.php php -S localhost:8080 routing.php The webserver runs routing.php before entering the requested script. This example serves any existing resource, or routes to index.php
  15. Session Upload Progress File upload progress, written to the session

    at intervals Useful for user feedback, e.g. shiny new HTML5 progress bars!
  16. Tracking Upload Progress User starts uploading file in the usual

    way <form name="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="hidden" name="<?php echo ini_get("session.upload_progress.name"); ?>" value="123" /> File: <input type="file" id="file1" name="file1" /> <input type="submit" value="start upload" /> </form>
  17. Tracking Upload Progress In a separate file, we can check

    the relevant session variables to see how the upload is going: http://lrnja.net/Lhs7jJ array(1) { ["upload_progress_123"]=> array(5) { ["start_time"]=> int(1340542011) ["content_length"]=> int(1529158981) ["bytes_processed"]=> int(1386660589) ["done"]=> bool(false) ["files"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(7) { ... } } } }
  18. Typehinting We can typehint in PHP, on: • Classes •

    Interfaces • Arrays • ... and now Callable Callable denotes anything that can be called - e.g. a closure, callback or invokable object
  19. Anonymous Functions • Literally functions with no name • More

    convenient than create_function() Example: $ping = function() { echo "ping!"; }; $ping(); // ping!
  20. Callable Examples function sparkles(Callable $func) { $func(); return "fairy dust";

    } $ping = function() { echo "ping!"; }; $pong = "pong"; echo sparkles($ping); // ping!fairy dust echo sparkles($pong); Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to sparkles() must be callable, string given, called in /home/lorna/.../callable.php on line 16 and defined in /home/lorna/.../callable.php on line 10
  21. Callable Examples function sparkles(Callable $func) { $func(); return "fairy dust";

    } class Butterfly { public function __invoke() { echo "flutter"; } } $bee = new Butterfly(); echo sparkles($bee); // flutterfairy dust
  22. Sleep and Wakeup When we serialize() or unserialize() an object,

    PHP provides "magic methods" for us to hook into (this isn’t new): • __sleep() to specify which fields should be serialized • __wakeup() to perform any operations needed to complete an object when it is unserialized This gives us the same feature for when we JSON something
  23. The JsonSerializable Interface From the manual: JsonSerializable { abstract public

    mixed jsonSerialize () } Objects implementing the JsonSerializable interface can control how they are represented in JSON when they are passed to json_encode()
  24. JsonSerializable Example class gardenObject implements JsonSerializable { public function jsonSerialize()

    { unset($this->herbs); return $this; } } $garden = new gardenObject(); $garden->flowers = array("clematis", "geranium", "hydrangea"); $garden->herbs = array("mint", "sage", "chives", "rosemary"); $garden->fruit = array("apple", "rhubarb"); echo json_encode($garden); {"flowers":["clematis","geranium","hydrangea"],"fruit" :["apple","rhubarb"]}
  25. Removed Features • register_globals • register_long_arrays • safe_mode • magic_quotes

    • allow_call_time_pass_reference • y2k_compliance • ereg* functions
  26. Upgrading to PHP 5.4 • Turn on E_DEPRECATED in PHP

    5.3 • Warns when you use features which are gone in 5.4 • Test with the PHP 5.4 webserver
  27. The PHP 5.4 Features I’ll Actually Use • Short array

    syntax • Traits • Built in webserver • Upload progress • Callable • JsonSerializable