5分で完全理解するGoのiota

Google Slide: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19h31cgpGXj4-DCGpfQjBwUgB5WwLtgc4crtsqtXLSnw/edit?usp=sharing

Transcript

1. 5分で完全理解するGoのiota

   Fully understand Go's iota in 5 minutes.

   

   uji

   

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2. Name

   uji

   Twitter

   @uji_rb

   Orgs

   

   Kyoto.go

   Profile

   

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3. Go Conference 2022 Spring

   https://gocon.jp/2022spring

   archive: https://youtu.be/GZCr-Dbi0YM?t=6205

   slide: https://t.co/3DGnnOslLG

   

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4. What is iota?

   

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5. Goにおける定数生成器

   Go's Constant generator.

   

   定数に連番の整数を割り当てる際に便利

   Useful for assigning sequential integers to constants.

   What is iota?

   

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6. iotaを使わない連番定数の宣言

   Declaration of sequential constants without iota.

   

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7. iotaを使った連番定数の宣言

   Declaration of sequential constants with iota.

   全て = iota で表現できる

   All can be expressed using = iota

   

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8. iotaを使った連番定数の宣言

   Declaration of sequential constants with iota.

   さらに定義を省略できる

   Definitions can be more abbreviated.

   

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9. iota Specification

   

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10. ● 定義は定数, コンパイル時に値が決まる

    Definition is constant, value determined at compile time.

    ● ConstDecl中のConstSpecのindex値が入る

    The index value of ConstSpec in ConstDecl is entered.

    

    

    

    

    カウントアップしているわけではない

    iota Specification

    ConstDecl

    ConstSpec

    

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11. iota Specification

    Approved = ?

    

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12. Approved = 2

    iota Specification

    index: 0

    index: 1

    index: 2

    

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13. iota Specification

    Approved = ?

    https://go.dev/play/p/ZxykC3awxTk

    

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14. iota Specification

    Approved = 2 + 2 = 4

    https://go.dev/play/p/ZxykC3awxTk

    index: 0

    index: 1

    index: 2

    

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15. Tips

    

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16. iota + 1

    

    

    

    

    

    

    ゼロ値の変数が意図せず分類されてしまうのを防ぐ

    Prevent unintentional classification of zero-valued variables

    Tips

    

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17. 0の定数をUnknownなどの命名にするやり方もある

    Name 0 constants Unknown, etc.

    Tips

    

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18. 1 << iota

    

    

    

    

    

    複数の状態を一つ値で表現したいときに効果的

    This is effective when you want to express multiple states with a single
    value.

    Tips

    

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19. https://go.dev/play/p/3Aub3AACmco

    Tips

    ビット和(OR)で

    CreateとReadが

    許可された権限を表現

    

    ORs can express the
    permissions allowed to
    Create and Read.

    

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20. Tips

    ビット積(AND)で権限
    チェック

    

    AND can be used to
    check authority.

    https://go.dev/play/p/3Aub3AACmco

    

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21. 「数値に意味がある」定数 Constants with meaningful numerical values

    e.g.

    ・Exit Code

    ・DBに定義された値 Value defined in DB

    コードの差分に数値の変更が表れないため意図しない数値の変更に
    気付きにくい

    Difficult to notice unintended numerical changes because numerical changes are
    not represented in the code differences.

    Iotaを使わない方が良い場面

    Situations where iota should not be used.

    

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22. Goチームは一般的な列挙型は解決したい課題に

    対して仕様が複雑すぎると考えている

    The Go team believes that general enums are too complex a
    specification for the problem they want to solve.

    

    Go2に向けて今も議論されている

    Still being discussed for Go2.

    https://github.com/golang/go/issues/28987

    Why not Enum?

    

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23. ● iotaはGoの連番定数生成の仕組み

    iota is Go's sequential constant generation mechanism

    ● iotaはconst宣言のindex値として扱われる

    iota is treated as an index value of const declaration

    ● iota + 1でゼロ値による意図しない挙動を防げる

    `iota +1` to prevent unintended behavior due to zero values.

    ● 1 << iotaで単一の値で複雑な状態も表現できる

    Complex states can be represented with a single value in `1 << iota`

    

    Summary

    

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