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どこで動いてるの?AWS IAM のコントロールプレーンとデータプレーンに思いを馳せる/iam-background

YukihiroChiba
September 11, 2022

どこで動いてるの?AWS IAM のコントロールプレーンとデータプレーンに思いを馳せる/iam-background

YukihiroChiba

September 11, 2022
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  1. "84ࣄۀຊ෦ίϯαϧςΟϯά෦ઍ༿޾޺ʢνόϢΩʣ
    Ͳ͜Ͱಈ͍ͯΔͷʁ
    "84*".ͷίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͱ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯʹࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ

    View Slide


  2. ͋ͳͨ͸͍֮͑ͯΔͩΖ͏͔

    View Slide

  3. SF*OWFOUΩʔϊʔτʹͯ
    AWS re:Invent 2021 - Keynote with Dr. Werner Vogels


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_Xs8Ik0h1w&list=PL2yQDdvlhXf9j
    fi
    ZENJYPXX8GYUOzQCuT
    AWS IAM ͷಇ͖ͷ঺հɺ


    ɹͦͷதͰίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͱσʔλϓϨʔϯʹ͍ͭͯݴٴ

    View Slide

  4. SF*OWFOUΩʔϊʔτʹͯ
    AWS re:Invent 2021 - Keynote with Dr. Werner Vogels


    View Slide

  5. ࠓճͷςʔϚ
    •ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ৘ใ


    •ڍಈ͔ΒಡΈऔΕΔ৘ใ


    •͔ͦ͜Β๲Β·ͤͨໝ૝
    ͔Β
    IAMίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͱ


    ɹσʔλϓϨʔϯʹࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ

    View Slide

  6. ઌʹ݁࿦
    ϓϦϯγύϧ AWSαʔϏε
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ͦͷ΄͔ͷϦʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    *".Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞
    ʢྫɿϙϦγʔͷมߋʣ
    "84αʔϏε΁ͷ
    ϦΫΤετ
    ʢྫɿ&$ͷىಈʣ
    ɾઃఆมߋͷ఻೻
    ɾ೿ੜΩʔͷੜ੒

    View Slide

  7. ࣗݾ঺հ
    ઍ༿ ޾޺


    (νόϢΩ)
    •2020೥ೖࣾ


    •޷͖ͳAWSαʔϏεɿIAM


    •޷͖ͳΞΫγϣϯɿsts:AssumeRole

    View Slide

  8. "HFOEB
    •IAMϨδϦΤϯεͷυΩϡϝϯτΛݟΔ


    •֤ػೳʹࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ


    •IAMίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯʹࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ


    •IAMσʔλϓϨʔϯʹࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ


    •γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔͷ೿ੜΩʔ


    •IAMʹؔ͢Δো֐͔Βࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ


    •ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͷো֐


    •σʔλϓϨʔϯͷো֐

    View Slide

  9. લఏͱͯ͠ඞཁͳ஌ࣝ
    •IAMͱ͸Կ͔


    •Ϣʔβʔ/ϩʔϧ/ϙϦγʔ


    •ϦʔδϣϯͱΞϕΠϥϏϦςΟκʔϯʢAZʣͷߟ͑ํ


    •AWSαʔϏε΁ͷϦΫΤετͷྲྀΕ
    ҎԼʹ͍ͭͯվΊͯͷઆ໌͸͠·ͤΜɻ

    View Slide

  10. ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ৘ใΛूΊΑ͏
    AWS IAM ͷϨδϦΤϯεͷ


    υΩϡϝϯτΛோΊΔ

    View Slide

  11. "84υΩϡϝϯτͰهड़͕௥Ճ͞Εͨ
    https://dev.classmethod.jp/articles/aws-iam-resilience/
    https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/
    disaster-recovery-resiliency.html
    2022/5/16ʹIAMͷϨδϦΤϯεʹؔ͢Δهड़͕௥ه͞Εͨ
    ಺༰Λ֬ೝͨ͠ϒϩάΛॻ͖·ͨ͠

    View Slide

  12. "84υΩϡϝϯτͰهड़͕௥Ճ͞Εͨ
    https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/
    disaster-recovery-resiliency.html
    2022/6/7Ҏ߱ʹ͞Βʹ৘ใ͕௥ه͞Ε͍ͯͨʂ
    🤔
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͱ


    σʔλϓϨʔϯʹؔ͢Δهड़͕
    ૿͑ͯΔ……ʂ

    View Slide

  13. ॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱͷ֓ཁ
    • ϩʔϧ΍ϙϦγʔͱ͍ͬͨIAMϦιʔε͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯʹอ؅͞Ε͍ͯΔ


    • IAMϦιʔεͷઃఆมߋϦΫΤετ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯʹૹ৴͞ΕΔ


    • ঎༻Ϧʔδϣϯ޲͚ͷίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ͸όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯʹͻͱ
    ͭͷΈ͋Δ


    • ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͰͷઃఆมߋ͸IAMʹΑΓ֤ϦʔδϣϯͷσʔλϓϨʔϯ
    ʹ఻೻͞ΕΔ


    • σʔλϓϨʔϯ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͷϦʔυϨϓϦΧͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͋Δ


    • ֤Ϧʔδϣϯʹ͓͚ΔAWSαʔϏε΁ͷϦΫΤετ͸౰֘Ϧʔδϣϯͷσʔλϓ
    ϨʔϯʹΑͬͯೝূɾೝՄ͞ΕΔ


    • ֤ϦʔδϣϯͷσʔλϓϨʔϯ͸গͳ͘ͱ΋3ͭͷAZʹ෼ࢄ͞Ε͍ͯΔ


    • ίϯτϩʔϧ/σʔλϓϨʔϯͱ΋ʹܭըతͳμ΢ϯλΠϜ͸θϩ

    View Slide


  14. ֤ػೳʹࢥ͍Λ஘ͤΔ

    View Slide

  15. ·ͣ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    IAMίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ

    View Slide

  16. ΧελϚʔ͕ಇ͖͔͚ΒΕΔͷ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    AWS Management

    Console
    ϓϩάϥϜΞΫηε
    JBNBNB[POBXTDPN
    •IAMϦιʔεͷ࡞੒ɾઃఆมߋ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ΁ͷΞΫηε


    •ೝূ৘ใΛؚΉIAMϦιʔε͕อ؅͞Ε͍ͯΔ


    *".Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞
    ʁ

    View Slide

  17. ΧελϚʔ͕ಇ͖͔͚ΒΕΔͷ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ʢϚωδϝϯτίϯιʔϧܦ༝ͷ৔߹΋ಉ͡άϩʔόϧΤϯυϙΠϯ
    τʹ౸ୡ͢Δͷ͔͸ෆ໌Ͱ͢ɻɻʣ


    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    AWS Management

    Console
    ϓϩάϥϜΞΫηε
    JBNBNB[POBXTDPN
    *".Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞
    ʁ

    View Slide

  18. ΧελϚʔ͕ಇ͖͔͚ΒΕΔͷ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    AWS Management

    Console
    ϓϩάϥϜΞΫηε
    JBNBNB[POBXTDPN
    όʔδχΞ๺෦ʹͷΈ
    ͋Δ͜ͱ͕໌ࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    ໊લղܾͯ͠Ҿ͚Δ*1ΞυϨεͷ
    ϩέʔγϣϯΛ֬ೝ͢Δͱ
    όʔδχΞͷ΋ͷ
    ʁ

    View Slide

  19. ଓ͍ͯσʔλϓϨʔϯ
    IAMσʔλϓϨʔϯ

    View Slide

  20. "84ϦΫΤετͷೝূɾೝՄΛ͢Δͷ͕σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS Management

    Console
    ϓϩάϥϜΞΫηε
    •AWSαʔϏε΁ͷϦΫΤετ͸ಉҰϦʔδϣϯͷIAMʹύε͞ΕΔ


    •IAMΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ௨͡σʔλϓϨʔϯͰೝূɾೝՄ
    ྫʣFD3VO*OTUBODFT
    Ϧʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    Ϧʔδϣφϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    FDBQOPSUIFBTUBNB[POBXTDPNͳͲ
    ʁ

    View Slide

  21. "84ϦΫΤετͷೝূɾೝՄΛ͢Δͷ͕σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS Management

    Console
    ϓϩάϥϜΞΫηε
    •σʔλϓϨʔϯ༻ͷIAMΤϯυϙΠϯτ͸ΧελϚʔ͕
    ௚઀ΞΫηε͢ΔͨΊͷ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍
    Ϧʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ਺ඦສͷϗετʹΑΓ࣮ݱ
    ඵؒԯͷ"1*ίʔϧ
    ʢશϦʔδϣϯͷ߹ࢉͰʣ
    AWS re:Invent 2021


    - Keynote with Dr. Werner VogelsͰ


    ৄ͘͠औΓ্͛ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢
    ʁ

    View Slide

  22. ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ͔ΒσʔλϓϨʔϯ΁ͷ఻೻
    AWS Management

    Console
    ϓϩάϥϜΞΫηε
    Ϧʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    গͳ͘ͱ΋ͭͷ
    ";ʹ෼ࢄ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ઃఆมߋͷ఻೻
    ݁Ռ੔߹ੑ
    ʁ

    View Slide

  23. ೝূϓϩηεʹ͍ͭͯਂງΓ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯͰͷ೿ੜΩʔͷੜ੒

    View Slide

  24. γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔͱ೿ੜΩʔ
    •Ϣʔβʔ͔ΒͷϦΫΤετʹ͸ AWS SigV4ؚ͕·ΕΔ


    •AWS SigV4 ʹ͸γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔͷ΄͔ɺ೔෇ɾϦʔδϣϯɾαʔϏε
    ͷ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ
    Ϧʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    αʔϏε


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    AWS SigV4
    ॺ໊෇͖ϦΫΤετ
    ɾγʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔ
    ɾ೔෇ ɾϦʔδϣϯ ɾαʔϏε

    View Slide

  25. γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔͱ೿ੜΩʔ
    •γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔ͸ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯʹอ؅͞Ε͍ͯΔ


    •σʔλϓϨʔϯʹ͸γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔͦͷ΋ͷ͸อ؅͞Εͳ͍


    •೔෇ͱϦʔδϣϯͷ৘ใΛؚΉ೿ੜΩʔ͕σʔλϓϨʔϯʹੜ੒͞ΕΔ
    Ϧʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    αʔϏε


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    AWS SigV4
    ॺ໊෇͖ϦΫΤετ γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔ
    ɾγʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔ
    ɾ೔෇ ɾϦʔδϣϯ ɾαʔϏε
    ੜ੒
    ೿ੜΩʔ
    ೔෇ɺϦʔδϣϯͷ৘ใΛؚΉ


    ݻ༗ͷ೿ੜΩʔ

    View Slide

  26. γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔͱ೿ੜΩʔ
    •αʔϏεΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ௨ͯ͡IAMΤϯυϙΠϯτʹϦΫΤετ͕౸ୡ͢Δͱɺ
    αʔϏεͷ৘ใΛ௥Ճͨ͠৽ͨͳ೿ੜΩʔ͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ


    •Ϣʔβʔɺ೔෇ɺϦʔδϣϯɺαʔϏεͷείʔϓΛߜͬͨ೿ੜΩʔ͕ੜ੒͞Ε
    IAMΤϯυϙΠϯτͰΩϟογϡ͞ΕΔ
    Ϧʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    αʔϏε


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    AWS SigV4
    ॺ໊෇͖ϦΫΤετ γʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔ
    ɾγʔΫϨοτΞΫηεΩʔ
    ɾ೔෇ ɾϦʔδϣϯ ɾαʔϏε
    ੜ੒
    ೿ੜΩʔ
    ϦΫΤετ౸ୡ࣌ɺ


    αʔϏεͷ৘ใΛ௥Ճͨ͠


    ೿ੜΩʔΛੜ੒
    ೿ੜΩʔ
    ੜ੒
    Ϣʔβʔɺ೔෇ɺϦʔδϣϯɺ


    αʔϏεݻ༗ͷΩʔ͕ੜ੒͞Ε


    Ωϟογϡ͞ΕΔ

    View Slide


  27. աڈͷো֐͔Βໝ૝Λ๲Β·ͤΔ

    View Slide

  28. શମΠϝʔδͷ͓͞Β͍
    ϓϦϯγύϧ AWSαʔϏε
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ͦͷ΄͔ͷϦʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    *".Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞
    ʢྫɿϙϦγʔͷมߋʣ
    "84αʔϏε΁ͷ
    ϦΫΤετ
    ʢྫɿ&$ͷىಈʣ
    ɾઃఆมߋͷ఻೻
    ɾ೿ੜΩʔͷੜ੒

    View Slide

  29. ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͰͷো֐
    2021/8/21


    IAM API Τϥʔͱ఻೻஗Ԇ

    View Slide

  30. ো֐ͷ֓ཁ
    • 6:44 - 9:12(PDT)ͷؒɺIAM ͷ API ϦΫΤετͷ஗ԆͱΤϥʔ཰্͕ঢͨ͠


    • 6:44 - 10:02ͷؒɺҰ෦Ϧʔδϣϯ΁ͷߋ৽ͷ఻೻͕஗Ԇͨ͠


    • ME-SOUTH-1, EU-SOUTH-1, AP-EAST-1, AF-SOUTH-1


    • ৽نʹ࡞੒ɾߋ৽ͨ͠IAMϦιʔεͰͷೝূɾೝՄ͕ਖ਼ৗʹߦΘΕͳ͔ͬͨՄೳ
    ੑ͕͋Δ


    • طଘͷIAMϦιʔεʹΑΔೝূɾೝՄʹ͸Өڹ͕ͳ͔ͬͨ
    % curl https://status.aws.amazon.com/data.json | jq '.archive | sort_by(.date) | .[] |
    select(.service == "iam")'
    ˛ϔϧεμογϡϘʔυͷཤྺ͔Β֬ೝ͍ͯ͠·͢

    View Slide

  31. ো֐ͷӨڹൣғͷΠϝʔδ
    ϓϦϯγύϧ AWSαʔϏε
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ͦͷ΄͔ͷϦʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ো֐ͷൣғʁ
    *".Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞
    ʢྫɿϙϦγʔͷมߋʣ

    View Slide

  32. ো֐ͷӨڹൣғͷΠϝʔδ
    ϓϦϯγύϧ AWSαʔϏε
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ͦͷ΄͔ͷϦʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ো֐ͷൣғʁ
    *".Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞
    ʢྫɿϙϦγʔͷมߋʣ
    "84αʔϏε΁ͷ
    ϦΫΤετ
    ʢྫɿ&$ͷىಈʣ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯͱ
    ಠཱ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊӨڹͳ͠ʁ

    View Slide

  33. σʔλϓϨʔϯͰͷো֐
    2021/6/18


    ετοΫϗϧϜϦʔδϣϯͰͷ


    IAM ೝূΤϥʔ

    View Slide

  34. ো֐ͷ֓ཁ
    • 4:59 (PDT)͔ΒετοΫϗϧϜϦʔδϣϯͰ IAM ೝূ API Τϥʔ͕૿Ճ


    • ౰֘Ϧʔδϣϯͷ͍͔ͭ͘ͷαʔϏε͕ӨڹΛड͚Δ


    • ෳ਺ͷαʔϏεΧςΰϦͰΠϕϯτ͕ه࿥͞ΕΔ


    • 5:24 ʹճ෮Λ։࢝


    • 5:58 [S3] ϦΫΤετͷ໰୊ղܾ͕Ξφ΢ϯε


    • 6:02 [EC2] ໰୊ղܾ͕Ξφ΢ϯε


    • 6:11 [ELB] ໰୊ղܾ͕Ξφ΢ϯε


    • 6:03 - 6:28 ʹϩʔυόϥϯαʔͷ઀ଓੑͷ໰୊ͱWAFΤϥʔͷ૿Ճ͕ൃੜ
    % curl https://status.aws.amazon.com/data.json | jq '.archive | sort_by(.date) | .[] |
    select(.description | contains("IAM"))'
    ˛ϔϧεμογϡϘʔυͷཤྺ͔Β֬ೝ͍ͯ͠·͢

    View Slide

  35. ো֐ͷӨڹൣғͷΠϝʔδ
    ϓϦϯγύϧ AWSαʔϏε
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ετοΫϗϧϜϦʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    "84αʔϏε΁ͷ
    ϦΫΤετ
    ʢྫɿ&$ͷىಈʣ
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ো֐ͷൣғʁ
    AWSαʔϏε

    View Slide

  36. ো֐ͷӨڹൣғͷΠϝʔδ
    ϓϦϯγύϧ AWSαʔϏε
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    όʔδχΞ๺෦Ϧʔδϣϯ
    AWS IAM
    άϩʔόϧ


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ
    ετοΫϗϧϜϦʔδϣϯ
    σʔλϓϨʔϯ
    AWS IAM
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    ೝূɾೝՄͷ࣮ࢪ
    "84αʔϏε΁ͷ
    ϦΫΤετ
    ʢྫɿ&$ͷىಈʣ
    ଞϦʔδϣϯͷσʔλϓϨʔϯͱ
    ಠཱ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊӨڹͳ͠
    IAM


    ΤϯυϙΠϯτ
    AWSαʔϏε
    ো֐ͷൣғʁ

    View Slide

  37. ऴΘΓͰ͢
    ·ͱΊ

    View Slide

  38. ·ͱΊ
    • ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ


    • όʔδχΞ๺෦ϦʔδϣϯʹͻͱͭͷΈଘࡏ͢Δ


    • IAMϦιʔε͕อ؅͞Ε͍ͯΔ


    • σʔλϓϨʔϯ


    • ίϯτϩʔϧϓϨʔϯ͔ΒIAMϦιʔε͕ෳ੡͞ΕΔ


    • ֤Ϧʔδϣϯʹଘࡏ͢Δ


    • ֤ϦʔδϣϯͷೝূɾೝՄΛߦ͏


    • গͳ͘ͱ΋3ͭͷAZʹ෼ࢄ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

    View Slide

  39. View Slide