Anatomy of a bone

This presentation shows how to describe a bone

Transcript

1. Upper Limb
2. Bony Skeleton of the Upper Limb
3. Introduction
4. Anatomy of a Bone ➢Name & class. ➢Site. ➢Features. ➢Side. ➢Joints. ➢Important clinical facts.
5. Classes of Bones
6. Long Short Pneumatic Irregular Sesamoid Flat Dr. Sherif Fahmy
7. Bones of Upper Limb
8. Clavicle Scapula Shoulder girdle Humerus Ulna Radius Skeleton of hand
9. Classes of Bones of UL Name Class Clavicle Atypical long bone Scapula Flat Humerus, Radius & Ulna Long Carpal Short Metacarpal & phalanges Miniature long bone Dr. Sherif Fahmy
10. Site of the Bone
11. Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal bones Phalanges
12. Features of the Bone ➢Parts of the bone. ➢Bony elevations. ➢Bony depressions. ➢Joints related.
13. Parts of Bones Long bone: -Upper end. -Shaft. -Lower end. Flat bone -Surfaces. -Borders. -Angles. -Processes.
14. Bony Elevations ➢They are produced by attachments of muscles, tendons or ligaments to the surface of the bone. ➢Through their attachments new bone depositions are formed that leads to formation of bony elevations.
15. Types of Bony Elevations
16. Process Spine Tubercle, tuberosity and trochanter Condyle Epicondyle Hamulus Line, ridge and crest Long projection with rounded end Long projection with pointed end Rough, rounded elevations (tubercle is the smallest white trochanter is the largest) Knuckle-shaped elevation. Rounded elevation on the surface of the condyle. Hook (curved elevation). Linear elevation (line is least elevated while crest is highly elevated)
17. Examples of Bony Elevations
18. Anterior (Costal) Surface Coracoid process Acromial process Scapula
19. Posterior (Dorsal) Surface Spine Acromial process Scapula
20. Spine Vertebra
21. Lesser tuberosity Greater tuberosity Humerus
22. Lesser trochanter Greater trochanter Femur Dr. Sherif Fahmy
23. Hook of hamate Carpal bones Dr. Sherif Fahmy
24. Hip Bone Iliac crest Gluteal lines
25. Epicondyle Ridge Condyle Dr. Sherif Fahmy
26. Upper ½ of Ulna Crest Processes Dr. Sherif Fahmy
27. Lower ½ of Radius
28. Bony Depressions They are formed by compressions on the surface of the bone by: ➢ tendons ➢ muscles ➢ vessels or other bone in a joint.
29. Fossa Impression Fovea Notch Groove or sulcus Fissure Foramen Canal Wide depressed area. Slight depression Small fossa Small depression on surface or border. Elongated depression. Cleft between 2 flat bones in skull Hole in the bone Tunnel in a bone
30. Examples of Bony Depressions
31. Suprascapular notch Subscapular fossa
32. Fovea Dr. Sherif Fahmy
33. Intertubercular groove
34. Fosae Dr. Sherif Fahmy
35. Notch Notch Dr. Sherif Fahmy
36. Upper Limb
37. Clavicle Scapula Sternum
38. Clavicle Scapula Acromion Humerus Sternum Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Shoulder joint Dr. Sherif Fahmy
39. Clavicle
40. Medial (sternal) end Medial 2/3 of the shaft (Convex anteriorly) Lateral 1/3 (convex posteriorly) Anterior Posterior Lateral (acromial) end
41. Impression for costo- clavicular ligament Groove for subclavius Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Posterior Anterior Rough Lower Surface
42. Scapula
43. Position of scapula
44. 3 Angles of Scapula
45. Anterior (Costal) Surface Superior angle Inferior angle Lateral angle
46. Glenoid cavity Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle
47. 3 Borders of Scapula
48. Anterior (Costal) Surface Superior border Medial border Lateral border
49. 3 Processes of Scapula
50. Anterior (Costal) Surface Coracoid process Acromial process
51. Posterior (Dorsal) Surface Spine Root of the spine Acromial process Acromial angle
52. 3 Fossae of Scapula
53. Anterior (Costal) Surface Ridges Subscapular fossa
54. Posterior (Dorsal) Surface Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa
55. 3 Notches of the Scapula
56. Posterior (Dorsal) Surface Suprscapular notch Spino-glenoid notch Circumflex scapular notch