Arm & Superficial muscles of forearm

This presentation illustrates the Anatomy of Arm & Superficial muscles of forearm

Transcript

1. THE ARM (Fascia & Muscles)
2. Humerus Medial intermuscular septum Lateral intermuscular septum Anterior (Flexor ) compartment Posterior (extensor) compartment Brachial fascia Deep fascia of the arm
3. Anterior (Flexor) Compartment
4. Muscles of The Anterior Compartment 1- Coraco-brachialis. 2- Brachialis. 3- Biceps brachii.
5. Arrangement of Flexor Muscles
6. Biceps brachii m. Coraco- brachialis m. Brachialis m. Long head Short head
7. Coraco-brachialis Muscle
8. Dr. Sherif Fahmy Coraco-brachialis muscle Origin: tip of coracoid process Insertion: Middle of medial border of shaft of humerus
9. Action of Coracobrachialis Muscle 1- Assist in adduction of arm at shoulder joint. 2- Assist in flexion of arm at shoulder joint. Nerve supply: - Musculo-cutaneous nerve (C5,6,7)
10. Biceps Brachii Muscle
11. Dr. Sherif Fahmy Short head of biceps Coracoid process Long head of biceps brachii Coraco-brachialis m. Brachialis m. Tendon of biceps Bicipital aponeurosis Biceps brachii m. Supraglenoid tubercle Lateral Medial Radial tuberosity
12. Capsule of shoulder joint Tendon of long head of biceps Short head of biceps Tendon of long head of biceps Transverse humeral ligament Intracapsular extrasynovial course of long head of biceps m.
13. Action of biceps brachii muscle • It flexes the elbow. • It is a powerful supinator when the elbow is flexed. • Tendon of long head steadies the head of humerus preventing its upwards gliding . • Short head assists in flexion of the shoulder joint. Nerve supply Musculocutaneous nerve, separate branch to each head.
14. Brachialis Muscle
15. Long head of biceps Short head of biceps Lower 1/3 of biceps Musculo-cutaneous n. Brachialis m. Coraco-brachialis m. Radial nerve
16. Origin of brachialis m. Insertion of brachialis m.: Ulnar tuberosity Intermuscular septa
17. Action of brachialis muscle: - Main flexor of elbow. Nerve supply: - Musculo-cutaneous nerve. - Radial nerve to its lateral part.
18. Triceps Brachii Muscle
19. Tendon of Triceps m. Lateral head Long head Arrangement of heads of triceps muscle
20. Long head Lateral head Medial head Tendon of insertion of triceps m. Radial nerve
21. Revision of Some Bony Parts
22. Dr. Sherif Fahmy Infraglenoid tubercle Upper lip of spiral groove Lower lip of spiral groove Upper surface of olecranon process
23. Attachments of Triceps Muscle
24. Origin of long head of triceps Origin of lateral head of triceps Origin of medial head of triceps Insertion of triceps Spiral groove
25. Articularis Cubiti Muscle Dr. Sherif Fahmy
26. Nerve Supply Radial nerve through the following branches: -To long and medial heads from branches of radial nerve before spiral groove (In axilla). -To lateral and medial heads from branches of radial nerve in the spiral groove. N.B.: Articularis cubiti is supplied by a branch from nerve to medial head of triceps.
27. Action of Triceps -Triceps is the main extensor of elbow. -Long head stabilizes shoulder joint from below during abduction. -Articularis cubiti pulls the capsule of elbow upwards to avoid being insinuated during elbow extension.
28. Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5,6,7)
29. Lateral cord Musculo- cutaneous n. Coraco- brachialis m Dr. Sherif Fahmy
30. Coracobrachialis m Biceps brachii Brachialis m. Musculo- cutaneous n. Lateral cutaneous n. of forearm Dr. Sherif Fahmy
31. Branches Muscular: 1- Coracobrachialis m. 2- Biceps brachii m 3- Medial part of brachialis m. Cutaneous: - Skin of lateral surface of forearm till the proximal part of thenar eminence.
32. Forearm Is divided into: ➢Anterior (Flexor) compartment. ➢Posterior (Extensor) compartment. By: Radius & ulna. Interosseous membrane. Ulnar aponeurosis.
33. Ulnar aponeurosis Interosseous membrane Shaft of ulna Shaft of radius
34. Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of Forearm
35. Arrangement of Muscles of the front of Forearm Superficial Group A- Superficial layer: 1) Pronator teres. 2) Flexor carpi radialis. 3) Palmaris longus. 4) Flexor carpi ulnaris. B- Deep layer: 1) Flexor digitorum superficialis. Deep Group A- Superficial layer: 1) Flexor pollicis longus. 2) Flexor digitorum profundus. B- Deep layer: 1) Pronator quadratus
36. (A) Superficial Flexor Muscles of Forearm
37. Common rules of superficial flexors ➢Muscles are named after their action. ➢All muscles arises partially or totally from common flexor origin (front of medial epicondyle). ➢All muscles have 2 heads except flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus. ➢Each 2 headed muscle has a nerve that passes between 2 heads and supplies the muscle. Nerve supply: ➢Median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris is supplied by ulnar nerve. Common action: ➢All are week flexors of elbow. ➢All are flexors of wrist except pronator teres.
38. Orientation of Muscle Arrangement
39. Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Superficial flexor muscles Med. Lat. Medial epicondyle
40. Relations of 8 flexor tendons to flexor retinaculum: ➢Tendons of flexor digitorum (superficialis & profundus) and flexor pollicis longus pass deep to it. ➢Tendon of palmaris longus passes superficial to it. ➢Tendon of flexor carpi radialis passes through a special compartment in the lateral attachment of the retinaculum. ➢Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris on its medial margin. ➢Tendons of 2 pronator muscles have no relations.
41. 1-Pronator Teres Muscle
42. Superficial (humeral) head Deep (ulnar) head Insertion of pronator teres Median nerve Attachments and nerve supply of pronator teres m. From lower part of medial supracondylar ridge and front of medial epicondyle (CFO) From medial margin of coronoid process To pronator tuberosity at middle of lateral surface of radius (at maximum convexity of the shaft of radius). Ulnar artery
43. Nerve supply: Median nerve. Action: -Pronation of forearm. -Weak flexion of elbow joint.
44. Pronator teres Supination Pronation
45. 2-Flexor Carpi Radialis
46. Flexor carpi radialis Common flexor origin Insertion to front of bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal bones
47. Trapezium Flexor retinaculum Special compartment for tendon of flexor carpi radialis Med. Lat. tendon of flexor carpi radialis
48. Groove of trapezium Insertion of tendon of flexor carpi radialis
49. Nerve supply: Median nerve. Action: -Flexion and abduction of hand at wrist joint. -Weak flexion of elbow.
50. 3-Palmaris Longus Muscle
51. Palmaris longus Palmar aponeurosis Common flexor origin
52. Nerve supply: -Median nerve. Action: -Weak flexion of wrist and elbow. -It makes the palmar aponeurosis more tense to protect underlying vessels and nerves.
53. 4-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
54. Humeral head (from CFO) Ulnar head (medial side of olecranon process) Flexor carpi ulnaris m. Pisiform bone Ulnar nerve
55. Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Pisiform bone Piso-hammate lig. Piso-metacarpal lig.
56. Nerve supply: -Ulnar nerve. Action: -Flexes and adducts the hand at wrist. -Weak flexion of elbow.
57. 5-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle
58. Radial head of flexor digitorum superficialis Humero-ulnar head of flexor digitorum superficialis Origin of flexor digitorum superficialis Anterior oblique line
59. Humero-ulnar head Radial head Tendinous arch Flexor retinaculum Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum superficialis Attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis
60. Flexor retinaculum Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
61. Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
62. Common synovial sheath (Ulnar bursa) Flexor retinaculum Synovial sheath
63. Nerve supply: Median nerve. Action: -Flexion of medial 4 fingers at proximal inter- phalangeal joints and metacarpo-phalangeal joints. -Flexion of wrist. -Weak flexion of elbow.
64. Dr. Sherif Fahmy