Introduction to GraphQL

Transcript

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   Introduction to GraphQL

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   GET https://2017.es.pycon.org/speakers/me { "name": "Adrián Matellanes", "roles": [ "Lead API

   Developer", "Málaga Python Organizer" ], "worksAt": "Ebury", "twitter": "@_amatellanes", "github": "github.com/amatellanes" }
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   What’s GraphQL?

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   A programming language

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   A special type of database

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   A library

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   A Query Language for APIs

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   Why GraphQL?

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   Due to the nature of REST

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    REST Problems

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    GET /characters/1 { "name": "Jon Snow" }

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    "url": "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/characters/583", "name": "Jon Snow", "culture": "Northmen", "born": "In 283

    AC", "titles": [ "Lord Commander of the Night's Watch" ], "aliases": [ "Lord Snow", "Ned Stark's Bastard", "The Snow of Winterfell", "The Bastard of Winterfell", "Lord Crow" ], "allegiances": [ "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/houses/362" ], "books": [ "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/books/5" ], "povBooks": [ "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/books/1", "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/books/2", "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/books/3", "http://anapioficeandfire.com/api/books/8"
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    Round Trip and Repeat Trip Times

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    None
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    /episodes/1

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    /episodes/1 /characters/345 /characters/563 /characters/802 /characters/441 /characters/674

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    /episodes/1 /characters/345 /characters/563 /characters/802 /characters/441 /characters/674 /reviews/3512

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    Over/Under Fetching

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    /episodes/1?fields=characters(name,playedBy)

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    /episode_with_all_stuff /episode_with_amazing_pictures /episode_with_stuff_i_need_today /episode_with_stuff_for_mobile_app /episode_with_actors_and_reviews_and_images /episode_with_stuff_for_mobile_app_v2 /episode_with_actors_and_reviews_but_no_images

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    /episode_with_all_stuff /episode_with_amazing_pictures /episode_with_stuff_i_need_today /episode_with_stuff_for_mobile_app /episode_with_stuff_for_mobile_app_v2 /episode_with_actors_and_reviews_and_images /episode_with_actors_and_reviews_but_no_images

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    https://code.facebook.com/projects/

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    Created July 1, 2015 Updated September 20, 2017 381 Forks

    6,078 Stars 302 Commits 82 Open Issues https://github.com/facebook/graphql
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    “You will receive what you ask for no more, no

    less.” - Mark Allen
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    GraphQL vs. REST

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    REST Model

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    Client /books /characters /houses Databases Services External APIs

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    GraphQL Model

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    Client Databases Services External APIs /graphql/

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    Anatomy of a GraphQL

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    { me { name } }

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    { me { name } } { "me": { "name":

    "Jon Snow" } }
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    Scalar types

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    Int Float String Boolean ID Date enum

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    GraphQL Schema Definition Language

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    type Query { allCharacters: [Character]! character(id: ID!): Character }

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    type Query { allCharacters: [Character]! character(id: ID!): Character } Root

    Type
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    type Query { allCharacters: [Character]! character(id: ID!): Character } Root

    Fields
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    type Query { allCharacters: [Character]! character(id: ID!): Character } Arguments

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    type Query { allCharacters: [Character]! character(id: ID!): Character } Return

    Types
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    type Character { name: String! house: House! } type House

    { name: String! words: String! members: [Character]! }
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    type Character { name: String! house: House! } type House

    { name: String! words: String! members: [Character]! } Object Type
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    type Character { name: String! house: House! } type House

    { name: String! words: String! members: [Character]! } Fields
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    type Character { name: String! house: House! } type House

    { name: String! words: String! members: [Character]! } Return Types
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    Queries for fetching data from the server

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    query CharactersNameAndHouse { allCharacters { name house { words }

    } }
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    query CharactersNameAndHouse { allCharacters { name house { words }

    } } Operation Type
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    query CharactersNameAndHouse { allCharacters { name house { words }

    } } Operation Name
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    query CharactersNameAndHouse { allCharacters { name house { words }

    } } Selection Set
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    query CharactersNameAndHouse { allCharacters { name house { words }

    } } Fields
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    query CharactersNameAndHouse { allCharacters { name house { words }

    } } { "data": { "allCharacters": [ { "name": "Daenerys Targaryen", "house": { "words": "Fire and Blood" } }, { "name": "Jon Snow", "house": { "words": "Winter Is Coming" } } ] } }
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    query { character(name: "Hodor") { name house { words }

    } } Arguments
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    query CharacterByName($name: String!) { character(name: $name) { name } }

    { "name": "Hodor" } Variables
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    query { character(name: "Hodor") { ...CharacterFragment } } fragment CharacterFragment

    on Character { name house { words } } Fragments
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    { character(name: "Hodor") { ... on Character { name house

    { words } } } } Inline Fragments
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    Mutations for manipulating data and fetch the updated result

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    type Mutation { createCharacter(name: String!): Character }

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    mutation CharacterMutation { createCharacter(name: "Sansa Stark") { name } }

    { "data": { "createCharacter": { "name": "Sansa Stark" } } }
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    Subscriptions for real-time updates

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    type Subscription { newCharacter: Character! }

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    subscription NewCharacterSubscription { newCharacter { name } } { "data":

    { "newCharacter": { "name": "Tyrion Lannister" } } }
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    Query Execution

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    { getHouse(id: 5) { name words members { name }

    } }
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    name words members getHouse(id: 5) { name, words, members }

    [ { name }, { name } ] name name
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    QUERY name words members getHouse(id: 5) { name, words, members

    } [ { name }, { name } ] name name
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    QUERY getHouse(id: 5) { name, words, members } HOUSE name

    words members [ { name }, { name } ] name name
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    QUERY getHouse(id: 5) { name, words, members } HOUSE name

    words members [ { name }, { name } ] CHARACTER name name
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    Clients with Super Powers

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    Introspection Queries

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    { "data": { "__type": { "name": "Book", "kind": "OBJECT", "fields":

    [ { "name": "title", "type": { "name": "String" } } ] } } } { __type(name: "Book") { name kind fields { name type { name } } } }
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    GraphiQL

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    Graphene GraphQL framework for Python

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    Created September 24, 2015 Updated September 20, 2017 229 Forks

    2,356 Stars 1,219 Commits 87 Open Issues https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene
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    "It’s important to understand that it isn’t all or nothing.

    GraphQL is in our future, but it isn’t our exclusive future."
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    Thank you!