Chapter 1

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHOD

Transcript

1. CC 301 QUANTITY MEASUREMENT  TOPIC 1: PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHOD  Prepared By : NORAZIAH BINTI HAMID  Lecturer Of Quantity Measurement/JKA/PUO 1
2. Owner/Client I wanna have a shop lot by this year !!!!!! Budget!!! HOW??? 2
3. 1.0 THE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHODS Introduction:  Shop House ??? 3
4. 1.0 THE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHODS Introduction:  Shop House ??? 4
5. 1.0 THE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHODS Introduction:  Quantity Surveyor 5
6. 1.0 THE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHOD Introduction:  Architect Q.S Other Consultants Budget??? 6
7. 1.0 THE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHODS Introduction:  Proceed!! I want to proceed this project!!! o.k You can start pay for our fees. 7
8. Stage of construction work. Stage 1 –Briefing From owner to Architecture Stage 2 – Preliminary Architecture + Quantity Surveyor 8
9. Stage of construction work. Local Authority TNB IWK MBI Stage 3 Design (Architecture +Structure Engineering) 9
10. Stage 4 Bill quantity (BQ) -Estimate - tender or - not to proceed?? Stage 5 Tender a.invite contractor to bid tender b. select contractor to win the tender Stage 7 Construction a. Manage site b. payment Stage 6 Contract Stage 8 Final certification (CF or CCC ) 10
11. PRELIMINARY ESTIMATING METHOD 1.1 Determine the preliminary estimating method a.Done after an architect’s drawing d. Early estimation: guidance by the developer b. completed c. used to compare : compatibility building cost and it’s design. e. To maintain the progress of the project. 11
12. Owner /Client + Architect Brief to the Architect. Sketch/ Drawing: Specification: • illustrate • view • Font • Key-plan • Scheme region • size • material • Work quality • workmanship • standard Owner/Client 12
13. 1.1 Definition of Preliminary Estimating Preliminary Estimating To roughly estimate the cost of the project Definition of Preliminary Estimating To get the cost of the project D e f i n i t i o n : 13
14. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating Building Cost?? Preliminary Estimate?? Budget? 14
15. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating 15
16. Preliminary Estimate?? benchmark my Financial status ? I can afford ??? I can proceed with the project ??? 16
17. Preliminary Estimate?? my Financial status ? I can proceed with the project ??? Financial • Loan • OD • Cash • ???? 17
18. Preliminary Estimate?? benchmark my Financial status ? I can’t afford ??? I can’t proceed with the project ??? 18
19. Preliminary Estimation *can used as a platform to get aids from financial institution. I can’t afford ??? I can’t proceed with the project ??? Company funds not sufficient to proceed the project 19
20. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating b. For a Contractor to bid the tender Contractor - have knowledge on: to interpret a preliminary estimation. 20
21. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating b. For a Contractor to bid the tender have to logically estimate the building cost: The price they come up with will be: Tender Price!! because Contractor 21
22. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating b. For a Contractor to bid the tender Early estimation may also : to project their: Profit margin!! used Contractor 22
23. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating C. For Design Team to Design Accordingly Design Team Architect QS T.A T.A Engineers Civil Structure Mechanical Electrical 23
24. Design Team • Architect • Quantity Surveyor • Civil and structural Engineers • Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Co operate To make sure Design Building Construction price and Balance within the allocated budget and To ensures?? 24
25. Design Team • This ensures that the clients’ investment is cost effective. Cost effective!!! 25
26. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating D. To know the Profit Rate.  When a client / developer propose for a new project investment, they would definitely want to know their profit returns. Profit return Cost effective!!! 26
27. Profit • Profit return should be greater than the investment rate. 27
28. profit 25% • A project is considered profitable if a client/ developer can obtain profit return from the investment. 28
29. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating  D. As a Guidance for the Financial Institution Financial Institution Amount of loan • needs to know client Apply by • Only sponsor Project • Profitable • Not risky 29
30. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating  E. Quotation from Sub Contractor to General Contractor Main Contractor Sub- Contractor Project • Divide the whole project into small part Domestic Nominated sub-contractor trade special 30
31. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating E. Quotation from Sub Contractor to General Contractor  Therefore:  should also have Sub- Contractor Preliminary estimation knowledge of 31
32. 1.1.1 Importance of Preliminary Estimating  F. To know the percentage and types of building elements. Total cost of building Building Cost Such as: • Material cost • Labour cost • Logistics cost i.e: company liability Such as: 32
33. Total cost can be split into several elements such as: a) Piling e) Roofing b) Frame f) Finishing c) Walls g) Building Utilities d) Stairs h) External Works 33
34. G. Costs And Design Analysis To Future Information.  All of the information that is acquired during : project planning, tendering, construction and commissioning is archived future project. 34
35. 1.1.2 Relate the uses of the Preliminary estimating methods.  A construction cost estimate serves one of the three basic functions: design bid control bid monitoring the project during construction, competitive bidding or negotiation encountered run parallel with the planning and design 35
36. 1.1.2 Relate the uses of the Preliminary estimating methods.  For establishing the financing of a project: used either: design estimate bid estimate or 36
37. Types of Construction Cost Estimates  a. Unit Valuation method  b. Floor Area Method  c. Cubic content method Have plan, measurement, information such as size, specification Have plan, measurement, information such as size, height specification & more details 3 types: 37
38. 1.1.3 Unit Valuation method  For instance,  Cost of a completed school building = RM 100,000.00  Building Occupancy = 100 students  Therefore, cost per unit occupancy (students) = RM 100,000.00 / 100  = RM 1, 000.00/ occupancy 38
39. 1.1.3 Unit Valuation method  By using the above information, the estimation for a new school building is feasible.  For example, if a school building  Therefore, estimated cost price : 200 students = 200 x RM 1, 000.00/occupancy = RM 200,000.00/occupancy 39
40. 1.1.3.1 Advantages of Unit Cost Method: 1. Easy method. 2. The client has a price projection of the building based or quantity, occupancy, etc. 3. Suitable for similar projects like hospitals, schools, stadium, and theatres. 40
41. 1.1.3.2 Disadvantages of Unit Cost Method: 1. Inaccuracy happens as evaluation does not include the: size, measurements and built up area of the building. size measurement Built up area. NO…… 41
42. 1.1.4 FLOOR AREA METHOD  How to measure ? length x width acquired from the architect drawing proposed building plan. 42
43. 1.1.4 FLOOR AREA METHOD  Condition: Building works  The measurement of the length and width is taken from one external wall to other external wall Wall Plan Length = 15.0 m Width= 6.0 m External wall surface Internal wall surface 43
44.  Based on the diagram above, the length = 15.0 meters and the width = 6.0 meters. Floor Area = Length x width = 15.0 m x 6.00m = 90.0 m² Building works 44
45. Building works  For instance, if a readymade building is priced at RM 200.00 per square meter,  therefore the price rate for the proposed building should be roughly around: Floor Area x price rate/m² = 90.0 m² x RM 200 =RM 18,000.00 45
46. External work Measured separate from the building & add to the total value 46
47. External work  Building : or  For or only like car parks, terraces, do not have walls Have half walls only half of the total floor area. 47
48. TOTAL AREA: Building works ITEM INCLUDE: 48
49. Total Cost:  Preliminaries Works = RM ?????  Add (+)  Building Works = RM ?????  Add (+)  P.C Sums = RM ?????  Add (+)  Provisional Sums = RM ????? Total cost by floor Area method RM ???? 49
50. For an example; referring to the diagram of a floor plan below: Room 2 Room 1 7000 mm 8200 mm 3200 mm 4500 mm 5000 mm 50
51. Floor Area: Building Area  * External to external Building Area: =Length x width = 8.20 m x 7.00 m = 57.40 m² Void Area: Length x width = 3.20 m x (3.80 m ) = 12.16 m² Building Area = 45.24 m² 51
52. Floor Area: Garage Area = ½(Garage Area) Garage Area: = ½ x (Garage Floor Area) =1/2(Length x width) = ½(3.20 m x 4.50 m) = 7.20 m² 52
53. Total Floor Area: Building Area+ ½(Garage Area)  * External to external Building Area = 45.24 m² Garage Area: = ½ x (Garage Floor Area) =1/2(Length x width) = ½(3.20 m x 4.50 m) = 7.20 m² 53
54. Total Floor Area: Building Area+ ½(Garage Area) Total Floor Area: = 45.24 m² + 7.20 m² = 52.44 m² 54
55. 1.1.4.1 Advantages of Floor Area Method: 1. More accurate from Unit valuation method 2. Easy and time effective 3. The calculation technique quit simple and easy. 1.1.4.2 Disadvantages of Floor Area Method: 1. Does not take building height into consideration 2. The price is still not accurate as it based on floor area only. 3.Not accurate because it is only roughly calculation. 55
56. 1.1.5 Cubic Content Method:  The Building Volume Method’s accuracy is more or less the same as the Floor Area Method.  The way to obtain the volume of the building is to multiply the height of the building with the floor area.  Measurements are obtained from architectural drawings.  However, the height of the building depends to the type of roofs used on each building. 56
57. Roofs can be divided to two categories:  A. GABLE ROOFS  Gable roofs are roofs that have an inclination of more than 15 degrees. There is also cross hipped gable roofs.  i. Pitch Roof   Pitch of roof > 15 ̊ from horizontal line  Can divide into 2 types of pitch  - Full pitch  - Half pitch 57
58. For an example; referring to the diagram of a floor plan below: Room 2 Room 1 7000 mm 8200 mm 3200 mm 4500 mm 5000 mm 58
59. FULL PITCH ROOF T=3.20 m H=18.00 m 45° Full Pitch roof Ceiling Level Ground Level 59
60. Total Floor Area: Building Area+ ½(Garage Area) Total Floor Area: = 45.24 m² + 7.20 m² = 52.44 m² 60
61. Full Pitch  Formula: Cubic Content Method(Volume)  Volume = (Length x Width) x (Height) = (Area) x (¾ T + H ) = 52.44 m² x (¾ x3.2 m + 18.0 m ) = 52.44 m² x 20.4 m = 1,069.78 m³ 61
62. Half Pitch  Formula: Cubic Content Method(Volume)  Volume = (Length x Width) x (Height) = (Area) x (½ T + H ) = 52.44 m² x (½ x3.2 m + 18.0 m ) = 52.44 m² x 18.64 m = 977.48 m³ 62
63. Pitch Roof Uses Roof Area  Height of roof ( T ) = 3.2 m  Height of building ( H ) = 18.0 m (Until on the top of pad footing)  Formula of using roof area ( h )  h = ¾ x T Height = H + (h) = 18.0 m + (¾ x T) = 18.0 m +( ¾ x 3.2 m) = 18.0 m + 2.4 m = 20.4 m 63
64. Pitch Roof Unuses Roof Area  Height of roof ( T ) = 3.2 m  Height of building ( H ) = 18.0 m (Until on the top of pad footing)  Formula of using roof area ( h )  h = ½ x T  Height = H + (h) = 18.0 m + (½ x T) = 18.0 m +(½ x 3.2 m) = 18.0 m + 1.6m = 19.6 m 64
65.  B. Flat Roof  Flat Roof is defined as roofs with an inclination of less than 15°.  There are two types of flat roofs, one is fully flat roof and the other is flat roof with  parapet walls. The total building height fully flat roof is measured from the  Surface of the footing to the plus by 0.6 m 65
66. 1.1.4.1 Advantages 1) Most accurate. 2) Suitable for all type of building. 3) Simple, fast, accurate. 1.1.4.2 Disadvantages 1) Need the detail drawing. 2) Take time to get the volume. 66
67. a. Flat roof with parapet wall Parapet wall < 600 mm height Total of height must be measure from: Top surface of footing 600 mm allowance Height = H + 0.6 m 67
68. a. Flat roof with parapet wall Parapet wall > 600 mm height Total of height must be measure from: Top surface of footing Height of parapet wall Height = H + height of parapet wall 68
69. FLAT ROOF 0.6 m H=2.8 m Flat Roof Ceiling Level Ground Level 69
70. Half Pitch + Flat Roof  Formula: Cubic Content Method(Volume)  Volume = (Length x Width) x (Height)  = (Area) x (H + 0.6 m) = 38.44 m² x (2.8 m + 0.6 m) = 38.44 m² x 3.4 m = 130.70 m³ 70
71. FLAT ROOF 0.75 m H=2.8 m Flat Roof Ceiling Level Ground Level Parapet Wall 0.6 m 71
72. Half Pitch + Flat Roof(Parapet wall)  Formula: Cubic Content Method(Volume)  Volume = (Length x Width) x (Height)  = (Area) x (H + 0.6 m) = 38.44 m² x (2.8 m + 0.75 m ) = 38.44 m² x 3.55 m = 136.46 m³ 72
73. Preliminary Estimating Method  Thank you ….. 73