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Measuring everything in Real-Time

Measuring everything in Real-Time

Talk from Froscon

Bastian Hofmann

August 25, 2012
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  1. Measuring everything
    in Real-Time
    @BastianHofmann

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  2. Logging

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  3. Measuring

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  4. Testing

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  5. many roads

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  11. View Slide

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  14. Questions?
    Ask!

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  15. http://speakerdeck.com/u/bastianhofmann

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  16. Logging

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  17. For when something
    goes wrong

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  18. server
    error log
    access log
    debug logs
    slow query log
    ...

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  19. Error Logs

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  20. $ tail -f error.log
    $ grep

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  21. ErrorLog /var/logs/apache/error.log

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  22. php.ini
    •error_reporting
    •display_errors
    •display_startup_errors
    •log_errors
    •error_log

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  23. callable set_exception_handler(
    callable $exception_handler
    );

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  24. callable set_error_handler(
    callable $error_handler
    [, int $error_types = E_ALL |
    E_STRICT ]
    );

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  25. Log additional info

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  26. Error code

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  27. View Slide

  28. HTTP Response Codes
    http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec6.html

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  30. Access Logs

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  31. 192.168.56.1 - - [09/Jul/2012:19:18:19
    +0200] "GET /rg_trunk/webroot/c/af10c/
    images/template/rg_logo_default.png HTTP/
    1.1" 200 882 "http://devm/rg_trunk/webroot/
    directory/publications/"

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  32. LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" custom
    CustomLog /var/logs/apache/access.log custom
    http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/
    mod_log_config.html#logformat

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  33. http://de.php.net/apache_note
    string apache_note (
    string $note_name
    [, string $note_value = "" ]
    )

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  34. LogFormat "...\"%{referer}i\" \"%{user-
    agent}i\" %{server_ip}n ..." custom nginx?

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  35. Debug Logs

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  36. https://github.com/Seldaek/monolog/

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  37. use Monolog\Logger;
    use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler;
    // create a log channel
    $log = new Logger('name');
    $log->pushHandler(
    new StreamHandler(
    'path/to/your.log', Logger::WARNING
    )
    );
    // add records to the log
    $log->addWarning('Foo');
    $log->addError('Bar');

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  38. Handlers
    • Stream
    • Mail
    • FirePHP
    • ChromePHP
    • Socket
    • Roating File
    • MongoDB
    • Syslog
    • Gelf
    • Null
    • Test
    • FingersCrossed

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  39. use Monolog\Logger;
    use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler;
    use Monolog\Processor\MemoryUsageProcessor;
    $log = new Logger('name');
    $handler = new StreamHandler(
    'path/to/your.log', Logger::WARNING
    );
    $log->pushHandler($handler);
    $log->pushProcessor(
    new MemoryUsageProcessor()
    );

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  40. Log in a structured way

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  41. JSON
    http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt

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  42. use Monolog\Logger;
    use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler;
    use Monolog\Formatter\JsonFormatter;
    $log = new Logger('name');
    $handler = new StreamHandler(
    'path/to/your.log', Logger::WARNING
    );
    $handler->setFormatter(new JsonFormatter());
    $log->pushHandler($handler);

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  43. http://getcomposer.org/
    http://packagist.org/

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  44. Logs from other
    services

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  45. web server db
    memcached
    db
    http service
    user request
    log
    log
    log
    log
    log

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  46. Correlation / Tracing ID

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  47. web server db
    memcached
    db
    http service
    create
    unique
    trace_id for
    request
    user request
    trace_id
    trace_id
    trace_id
    trace_id
    log
    log
    log
    log
    log

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  48. X-Trace-Id: bbr8ehb984tbab894

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  52. Aggregate the logs in a
    central place

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  53. Make them easily full-
    text searchable

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  54. Make them aggregate-
    able

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  55. Always Log to file

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  56. Seriously...

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  57. Always Log to file

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  58. AND REMEMBER

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  59. Always Log to file

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  60. Directly to a database

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  61. webserver webserver webserver
    DB

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  62. Disadvantages

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  63. Database is down?

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  64. Database is slow?

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  65. Database is full?

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  66. Better solutions?

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  67. graylog2
    http://graylog2.org/

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  68. Full text search

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  69. Structured Messages

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  70. Metrics & Alarms

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  71. Graylog2
    UDP GELF Messages
    elasticsearch
    webserver webserver webserver

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  72. {
    "version": "1.0",
    "host": "www1",
    "short_message": "Short message",
    "full_message": "Backtrace here\n
    \nmore stuff",
    "timestamp": 1291899928.412,
    "level": 1,
    "facility": "payment-backend",
    "file": "/var/www/somefile.rb",
    "line": 356,
    "_user_id": 42,
    "_something_else": "foo"
    }

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  73. Disadvantages

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  74. Graylog/elasticsearch is
    down?

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  75. Graylog/elasticsearch is
    full?

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  76. Packet loss

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  77. Graylog2
    elasticsearch
    webserver webserver webserver
    AMQP
    GELF GELF
    GELF
    GELF

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  79. Don't influence your
    application by logging

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  80. logstash
    http://logstash.net/

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  81. Graylog2
    elasticsearch
    webserver webserver webserver
    AMQP
    log log log
    logstash logstash logstash
    logstash
    GELF

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  82. Very rich plugin system

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  83. input filter output

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  84. file {
    type => "error"
    path =>
    [ "/var/logs/php/*.log" ]
    add_field =>
    [ "severity", "error" ]
    }
    file {
    type => "access"
    path =>
    [ "/var/logs/apache/*_access.log" ]
    add_field =>
    [ "severity", "info" ]
    }

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  85. filter{
    grok {
    match => ["@source",
    "\/%{USERNAME:facility}\.log$"]
    }
    grok {
    type => "access"
    pattern => "^%{IP:OriginalIp}
    \s[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+\s[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+\s\[.*?
    \]\s\"%{DATA:Request}..."
    }
    }

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  86. output {
    amqp {
    host => "amqp.host"
    exchange_type => "fanout"
    name => "logs"
    }
    }

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  87. input {
    amqp {
    host => 'amqp.host'
    port => '5672'
    exchange => 'logs'
    name => 'logs'
    type => 'logs'
    exclusive => false
    }
    }

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  88. output {
    gelf {
    host => '127.0.0.1'
    }
    }

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  89. Measuring

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  90. For knowing what
    happens

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  91. Munin
    http://munin-monitoring.org/

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  92. Ganglia
    http://ganglia.sourceforge.net/

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  94. Graphite
    http://graphite.wikidot.com/

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  95. webserver webserver webserver
    graphite
    UDP

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  96. webserver webserver webserver
    graphite
    UDP statsd

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  97. StatsD
    https://github.com/etsy/statsd/

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  98. webserver webserver webserver
    statsd statsd
    statsd
    graphite
    aggregated
    UPD message

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  99. webserver webserver webserver
    statsd statsd
    statsd
    graphite
    aggregated
    UPD message
    statsd

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  100. https://github.com/etsy/statsd/blob/master/examples/php-
    example.php
    StatsD::increment('key');

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  102. Technical Metrics

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  103. Business Metrics

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  104. Define your KPIs

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  105. Testing

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  106. For improving your app

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  107. Existing features

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  108. New features

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  109. A/B

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  110. BUY IT BUY IT
    $userId % 2 === 0
    $userId = 24
    save that option A was clicked
    save that option A is shown
    conversion = option A clicked / option A shown

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  111. BUY IT BUY IT
    save random decision
    in session
    $userId = 24
    save that option A was clicked
    save that option A is shown
    conversion = option A clicked / option A shown

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  112. Save when experiment
    is shown

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  114. Save when a goal is
    reached

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  116. Conversion

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  117. Define your goals!

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  118. Disadvantages

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  119. Bad conversion during
    test

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  120. Only works for
    temporary tests

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  121. Inflexible: changing of
    tests not supported

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  122. There are better
    methods with better
    results

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  123. Bandit Algorithm
    http://untyped.com/untyping/2011/02/11/stop-ab-testing-
    and-make-out-like-a-bandit/

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  124. BUY IT BUY IT
    random decision
    $userId = 24
    save that option A was clicked
    save that option A is shown
    conversion = option A clicked / option A shown
    1

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  125. BUY IT BUY IT
    2
    90% users best option rest other options

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  126. Integrate it into your
    architecture

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  128. Be careful

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  129. https://github.com/bashofmann/
    Try it out

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  130. Did you like this talk?
    h"p://twi"er.com/Bas2anHofmann
    h"p://profiles.google.com/bashofmann
    h"p://lanyrd.com/people/Bas2anHofmann
    h"p://speakerdeck.com/u/bas2anhofmann
    h"ps://github.com/bashofmann
    [email protected]
    http://programm.froscon.de/2012/
    events/916.html

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