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Kotlin Multiplatform

Kotlin Multiplatform

Introduction to Kotlin Multiplatform that I gave at Kotlin Everywhere in Minneapolis on October 5, 2019

Bryan Herbst

October 05, 2019
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  1. Kotlin Multiplatform
    Bryan Herbst

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  2. Beware: Kotlin MPP
    is under development

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  3. Why cross-platform?

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  10. More platforms =
    More developers
    More money
    More code
    More bugs

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  11. More platforms =
    More developers
    More money
    More code
    More bugs

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  12. More platforms =
    More developers
    More money
    More code
    More bugs

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  13. More platforms =
    More developers
    More money
    More code
    More bugs

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  14. Fewer platforms =
    Fewer developers?
    Less money?
    Less code?
    Fewer bugs?

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  15. User Experience is table
    stakes

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  16. User Experience is table
    stakes
    How native is the UI?
    How responsive is the app?

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  17. User Experience is table
    stakes
    How native is the UI?
    How responsive is the app?

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  18. Developer happiness is critical

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  19. Developer happiness is critical
    Speed of platform updates
    Interop with native
    Interop with existing code
    Language

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  20. Developer happiness is critical
    Speed of platform updates
    Interop with native
    Interop with existing code
    Language

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  21. Developer happiness is critical
    Speed of platform updates
    Interop with native
    Interop with existing code
    Language

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  22. Developer happiness is critical
    Speed of platform updates
    Interop with native
    Interop with existing code
    Language

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  23. Cross-platform architecture

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  24. What to share?

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  25. As much (or as little)
    as you want

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  26. Embrace platform differences,
    but provide a consistent core

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  27. Assumption: you already
    have an iOS & Android app

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  28. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data

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  29. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data
    Data models,
    Networking

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  30. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data
    Great place to
    start!

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  31. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data
    ViewControllers,
    ViewModels

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  32. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data
    Trickier

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  33. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data
    Layouts, Views

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  34. Feature
    UI
    Logic
    Data
    Probably not
    worth it

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  35. What is platform dependent?

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  36. What is platform dependent?
    Almost everything the user sees

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  37. What is platform dependent?
    Logging

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  38. What is platform dependent?
    Disk storage

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  39. What is platform dependent?
    Networking

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  40. Shared Library
    Common
    Android iOS

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  41. Shared Library
    Common
    Android iOS
    Android
    App
    iOS
    App

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  42. Shared Library
    Common
    Android iOS
    Android
    App
    iOS
    App
    lib lib

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  43. Mono Repo
    Common
    Android iOS
    Android
    App
    iOS
    App
    lib lib

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  44. Shared Library
    Common
    Android iOS
    Android
    App
    iOS
    App
    lib lib

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  45. How Kotlin MPP works

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  46. kotlinc
    Main.kt

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  47. kotlinc
    Frontend
    Intermediate
    representation
    Backend

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  48. kotlinc
    Frontend
    Intermediate
    representation
    Backend

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  49. kotlinc
    Frontend
    Intermediate
    representation
    Backend

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  50. kotlinc
    Frontend
    Intermediate
    representation
    Kotlin JVM

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  51. kotlinc
    Frontend
    Intermediate
    representation
    Kotlin JS

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  52. kotlinc
    Frontend
    Intermediate
    representation
    Kotlin Native

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  53. Kotlin JVM
    Output is bytecode

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  54. Kotlin JVM
    100% interoperability

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  55. Kotlin JS
    Output is JS

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  56. Kotlin JS
    Output is JS

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  57. Kotlin JS - libraries
    Dukat binds strongly-typed libraries

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  58. Kotlin JS - libraries
    dynamic type supports loose typing

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  59. Dynamic
    val dyn: dynamic = ...

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  60. Dynamic
    Disables type checking

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  61. Dynamic
    Can call any property or function

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  62. Kotlin Native
    Outputs native binary

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  63. Kotlin Native
    Outputs native binary
    Executable

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  64. Kotlin Native
    Outputs native binary
    Executable
    C library

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  65. Kotlin Native
    Outputs native binary
    Executable
    C library
    Apple framework

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  66. Kotlin Native
    Compiled with LLVM

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  67. Kotlin Native
    arm32, arm64
    x86, x86_64
    mingw x86_64
    MIPS, rPi
    wasm32

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  68. Native libraries
    1. Create .def
    2. Cinterop creates kotlin bindings of
    C/C++ code

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  69. Native libraries
    1. Create .def
    2. cinterop produces Kotlin bindings

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  70. Native libraries
    Platform libraries

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  71. Native libraries
    Platform libraries
    e.g. Open GL, objc, posix

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  72. Swift?

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  73. Kotlin Multiplatform

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  74. Main.kt Frontend IR
    JVM
    Native
    JS

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  75. Let’s get started!

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  76. plugins {
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform'
    version '1.3.50’
    }

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  77. kotlin {
    jvm() // Creates a JVM target
    }

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  78. kotlin {
    iosArm32("ios32")
    iosArm64("ios64")
    configure([ios32, ios64]) {
    binaries.framework {
    baseName = "SharedCode"
    }
    }
    }

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  79. kotlin {
    iosArm32("ios32")
    iosArm64("ios64")
    configure([ios32, ios64]) {
    binaries.framework {
    baseName = "SharedCode"
    }
    }
    }

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  80. kotlin {
    iosArm32("ios32")
    iosArm64("ios64")
    // Simulator
    iosX64("iosX64")
    }

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  81. val sdk = System.getenv("SDK_NAME")
    if (sdk?.startsWith("iphoneos")) {
    iosX64("iosX64")
    } else {
    //....
    }

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  82. Carthage or CocoaPods

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  83. plugins {
    id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.cocoapods")
    }
    kotlin {
    cocoapods {
    summary = "Shared library"
    homepage = "http://github.com/shared-lib"
    }
    }

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  84. Time to write some code

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  85. Android
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Model
    Note (model)
    Note API
    iOS
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Controller
    Note (model)
    Note API

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  86. Android
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Model
    Note API
    iOS
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Controller
    Note API
    Shared
    Note (model)

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  87. Note JSON
    {
    content: "Hello",
    status: "Pinned"
    }

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  88. iOS
    struct Note {
    let content: String
    let status: String
    }
    Android
    data class Note(
    val content: String,
    val status: Status
    )
    enum class Status { }

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  89. iOS
    struct Note {
    let content: String
    let status: String
    }
    Android
    data class Note(
    val content: String,
    val status: Status
    )
    enum class Status { }

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  90. iOS
    struct Note {
    let content: String
    let status: String
    }
    Android
    data class Note(
    val content: String,
    val status: Status
    )
    enum class Status { }

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  91. data class Note(
    val content: String,
    val status: String
    )
    Shared

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  92. data class Note(
    val content: String,
    val status: String
    )
    Android

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  93. __attribute__((objc_subclassing_restricted))
    __attribute__((swift_name("Note")))
    @interface SharedNote : KotlinBase
    @property (readonly) NSString * content;
    @property (readonly) NSString * status;
    @end;
    iOS

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  94. __attribute__((objc_subclassing_restricted))
    __attribute__((swift_name("Note")))
    @interface SharedNote : KotlinBase
    @property (readonly) NSString * content;
    @property (readonly) NSString * status;
    @end;
    iOS

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  95. __attribute__((objc_subclassing_restricted))
    __attribute__((swift_name("Note")))
    @interface SharedNote : KotlinBase
    @property (readonly) NSString * content;
    @property (readonly) NSString * status;
    @end;
    iOS – Objective C

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  96. class Note: KotlinBase {
    private(set) var content: String?
    private(set) var status: String?
    }
    iOS – Swift

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  97. Android
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Model
    Note API
    iOS
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Controller
    Note API
    Shared
    Note (model)

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  98. Android
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Model
    iOS
    Notes UI
    NotesView
    Controller
    Shared
    Note (model)
    Note API

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  99. Serialization
    Kotlinx.serialization

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  100. @Serializable
    data class Note(
    val content: String
    val status: String
    )

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  101. Json.nonstrict
    .stringify(
    Note.serializer(),
    note
    )

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  102. Json.nonstrict
    .parse(
    Note.serializer(),
    jsonString
    )

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  103. Json.nonstrict
    .parse(
    Note.serializer().list,
    jsonString
    )

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  104. Serialization is multiplatform!

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  105. Serialization is multiplatform!
    Charsets, input streams, buffers

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  106. commonMain {
    dependencies {
    implementation "serialization-runtime-common"
    }
    }

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  107. jvmMain {
    dependencies {
    implementation "serialization-runtime"
    }
    }

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  108. nativeMain {
    dependencies {
    implementation "serialization-runtime-native"
    }
    }

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  109. Networking
    KTOR

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  110. Under the hood - engines
    Android: OkHttp, HttpUrlConnection

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  111. Under the hood - engines
    Android: OkHttp, HttpUrlConnection
    iOS: NSUrlSession

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  112. class NoteApi() {
    private val client = HttpClient()
    suspend fun fetchNote(): String
    = client.get("http://...")
    }

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  113. How do we support
    different platforms?

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  114. common/PlatformName.kt
    expect fun getPlatform(): String

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  115. android/PlatformName.kt
    actual fun getPlatform()= "Android"

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  116. ios/PlatformName.kt
    actual fun getPlatform() = "iOS"

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  117. Common/KeyValueStore.kt
    expect class KeyValueStore() {
    fun setString(key: String, value: String)
    fun getString(key: String): String
    }

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  118. android/KeyValueStore.kt
    actual class KeyValueStore() {
    private val prefs: SharedPreferences
    actual fun setString() //...
    actual fun getString() //...
    }

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  119. ios/KeyValueStore.kt
    actual class KeyValueStore() {
    private val userDefaults: NSUserDefaults
    actual fun setString() //...
    actual fun getString() //...
    }

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  120. expect interface Closeable {
    fun close()
    }
    actual typealias Closeable = java.io.Closeable

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  121. Platform differences

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  123. Unsupported in Swift/Obj-C
    Suspend functions
    Inline classes

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  124. Asyncronous work

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  125. Coroutines
    Only single-threaded code is currently
    supported for Kotlin/Native

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  126. Exceptions

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  127. Exceptions
    All Kotlin exceptions are unchecked

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  128. Exceptions
    All Kotlin exceptions are unchecked
    Swift only has checked errors

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  129. Exceptions
    Annotate with @Throws

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  130. Primitive types
    Int -> KotlinInt

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  131. Primitive types
    Int -> KotlinInt (NSNumber)

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  132. Generics

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  133. Generics
    Experimental for Kotlin Native

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  134. Generics
    Experimental for Kotlin Native
    extraOpts "-Xobjc-generics"

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  135. Kotlin:
    class Generic
    Swift:
    class Generic

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  136. Kotlin:
    class Generic
    Swift:
    class Generic

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  137. Kotlin:
    class Generic(val item: T)
    Swift:
    class Generic {
    let item: T?
    }

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  138. Kotlin:
    class Generic(val item: T)
    Swift:
    class Generic {
    let item: T?
    }
    ?

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  139. Kotlin:
    class Generic(val item: T)
    Swift:
    class Generic {
    let item: T
    }

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  140. Thanks!

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