Artificial Intelligence for the Kingdom

October 2016
Chris Lim, CEO, TheoTech LLC | @meritandgrace | [email protected]

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Overview
● Part 1: Today’s Opportunity
○ Why AI?
○ What is it?
○ What’s possible today?
○ How can we use it for the Kingdom?
● Part 2: Q&A + Future Speculation
○ Humans and Machines, AI Ethics
○ Is/will AI become demonic? (Elon Musk’s words, not mine.)
○ Impact on Society and Job Loss
○ An AI Pastor?

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Why?
Why does AI matter?

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Recent AI History
Conception: 1952-1956
Golden years: 1956-1974
AI Winter: 1974-1980
Boom: 1980-1987
Bust: 1987-1993
AI: 1993-2001
Present: 2001-2016
Adapted from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial_intelligence

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Affiliate Link:
http://amzn.to/2de0pPW
Affiliate Link:
http://amzn.to/2dxNZlU
Two Books to Read to Understand AI
http://qz.com/698334/bill-gates-says-these-are-the-two-books-we-should-all-read-to-understand-ai/

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“Certainly it’s the most exciting thing going on...It’s the holy
grail, it’s the big dream that anybody who’s ever been in
computer science has been thinking about.”
—Bill Gates
On Artificial Intelligence:
http://qz.com/698334/bill-gates-says-these-are-the-two-books-we-should-all-read-to-understand-ai/

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“So the basic human senses like seeing, hearing, language...I
think it's possible to get to the point in the next five to 10 years
where we have computer systems that are better than
people...That doesn't mean that the computers will be thinking
or be generally better”
—Mark Zuckerberg, CEO, Facebook
http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/28/11526436/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-earnings-artificial-intelligence-future

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“We have this vision of a shift from mobile-first to an
AI-first world”
--Sundar Pichai, CEO Google
http://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/06/15/google-is-about-to-change-everything-again/#548ccde73f1e
“We are in the process of transforming into a
machine-learning company”
—Jeff Dean, Senior Fellow, Google Brain
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/technology/google-assistant.html

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“AI will become like electrical current – invisible and
augmenting almost every part of our lives.”
—Marc Benioff, CEO, Salesforce
https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/artificial-intelligence-revolution-by-marc-benioff-2016-09

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We want to democratize AI just like we brought
information to your fingertips.
—Satya Nadella, CEO, Microsoft
http://www.cmswire.com/digital-experience/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-our-ai-will-fuel-a-better-society-msignite/

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“AI will make [smartphones] even more essential to you. It
will become [an] even better assistant than it is today. So
where you probably aren’t leaving home without it today —
you’re really going to be connected to it in the future.”
—Tim Cook, CEO, Apple
http://www.recode.net/2016/8/14/12474794/tm-cook-apple-interview-highlights-washington-post

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AI + Machine Learning in Household Gadgets:
“It’s hard to overstate how big of an impact this will have on
society over the next 20 years. It is big.”
—Jeff Bezos, CEO, Amazon
http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2016/05/31/amazon-founder-s-impact-gigantic/85200740/

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So what is AI?
Let’s ask Alexa…

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http://fortune.com/ai-artificial-intelligence-deep-machine-learning/

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Example: If-Then Rules
He replied, “When evening comes, you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is
red,’ and in the morning, ‘Today it will be stormy, for the sky is red and overcast.’
You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the
signs of the times. (Matthew 16:2-3 NIV)

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If P then Q
P
Therefore, Q

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P: “the sky is red”
Q: “fair weather”
P→Q: If “the sky is red” then “it will be fair weather”

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P: “the sky is red” and “the sky is overcast”
Q: “stormy weather”
P→Q: If “the sky is red” and “overcast” then “it will be stormy”

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function predictWeather (sky) {
if (sky.color === 'red') {
if (sky.overcast === true) {
return 'stormy';
} else {
return 'fair';
}
}
}

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function predictWeather (sky, time) {
if (time > 6 && time < 12) { // morning
if (sky.color === 'red') {
if (sky.overcast === true) {
return 'stormy';
} else {
if (time > 18 && time < 24) { // evening
return 'fair';
}
}
}
}
}

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Example:
Bayesian
Belief Net
fair
stormy
red sky
overcast

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From “Why Deep Learning is Suddenly Changing Your Life”:

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Recommended MIT Lectures
Neural Networks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXt8qF2Zzfo
Deep Neural Networks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrMHA3yX_QI
Stanford & Coursera courses
Deep learning for Natural Language Processing:
http://cs224d.stanford.edu/syllabus.html
Neural Networks for Machine Learning:
https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks

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Example: Neural Networks
Photos: Public Domain NIH photo of a Neuron (left),
Tensorflow Playground (right)

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Play with TensorFlow

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What’s possible today?
Image Captioning
Automatic Speech Recognition
Machine Translation
What Every Data Scientist Needs to Know About Deep Learning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0VN0pGgBZM
http://www.slideshare.net/ExtractConf/andrew-ng-chief-scientist-at-baidu

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Show & Tell: A
Neural Image
Captioner
GitHub:
https://github.com/tensorflow/mo
dels/tree/master/im2txt
Examples from NeuralTalk:
http://cs.stanford.edu/people/kar
pathy/deepimagesent/generation
demo/

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Deep Visual-Semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptions
Andrej Karpathy, Li Fei-Fei http://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/deepimagesent/

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Char-RNN/Torch-RNN
GitHub:
https://github.com/jcjohnson/torch-rnn
Explanation:
http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/
Deep dive:
http://www.existor.com/en/ml-rnn.html
In 100-lines of Python:
https://gist.github.com/karpathy/d4dee566867f8291f086

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A simple Jonathan Edwards “AI” language model?
● Trained on a corpus of 2276 lines, ~1 million characters from his sermons
● Trained with 3 layer LSTM, with 512 hidden states
● Predicts the next character based on the previous sequence of characters.
● Sample command:
th sample.lua -checkpoint ../../edwards/checkpoint_17350_2.t7 -length 2000
-gpu -1 -start_text 'i always'

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Auto-generated sermons?
why should I apprehend them, when slain down with her to take children, to call a brimstone, that they
return from him. Lool degree of sorrows to sink undetermined, and so many contained in our other truth,
who shall know that the interest by themselve, answer you, when once heart, or so much change of those
souls; and 3 Cor. 12:60. "Would though them, that we are looks His love only began to answer the wicked.
I have been makes us Satan in this hungry, we should never had the night is gleated.
As Christ's sore earnestny of God and who go the conversion was borne hardness, that they do not the
throne of grace. They clear strongly and quickened are very dull, I think that the moth of the loud, as I
answer, And Thus it is very abate to oppose, as iverected the curse, that he is always flesh to God.
Try your own prompts?

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Neural NLP
Neural Machine Translation Tutorial:
https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/seq2seq/index.html
TensorFlow Speech Recognition:
https://github.com/pannous/tensorflow-speech-recognition
Deep Speech & Deep Speech 2:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.5567 & https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02595
”Because it replaces entire pipelines of hand-engineered components with neural networks, end-to-end
learning allows us to handle a diverse variety of speech including noisy environments, accents and
different languages.”

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Phrase based vs Neural
Machine Translation
“The advantage of this approach is
that it requires fewer engineering
design choices than previous
Phrase-Based translation systems.”
-- Quoc Le & Mike Schuster
Source: Domain Adaptation through
phrase generalization
Source: A neural network for Machine
Translation, at Production Scale

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Results

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Results
Technical Report:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08144
Blog Post:
https://research.googleblog.com/20
16/09/a-neural-network-for-machin
e.html

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Demo
SPF.IO: Speech to text translation in multiple
languages simultaneously.
● Designed for public speaking.
● Can use different MT engines.
● Lets you script things for QA if needed.

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The Virtuous Cycle
Data
Automation
Growth
Usage
Usefulness

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Jesus quoting Isaiah
“The Spirit of the Lord is on me,
because he has anointed me
to proclaim good news to the poor.
He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners
and recovery of sight for the blind,
to set the oppressed free,
to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”
Luke 4:18 NIV

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Jesus speaking of the end
And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached
in the whole world as a testimony to all nations,
and then the end will come.
Matthew 24:24 NIV

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The multilingual Church is no longer optional.
It is a moral and Kingdom imperative.

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Discussion Questions
● What would Jesus say about AI? Would he agree or disagree with world technology
leaders?
● How would quality automatic translation change global missions and local
evangelism? How would it change your community?
● What would be an example of a godly use of AI and an ungodly one? How can you
influence these outcomes?
● What will happen to people whose lives are impacted by the automation of their work?
● What place could AI have in the future Kingdom of God?

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On Demonic AI - Revelation 13
11 Then I saw a second beast, coming out of the earth. It had two horns like a lamb, but it spoke like a
dragon. 12 It exercised all the authority of the first beast on its behalf, and made the earth and its
inhabitants worship the first beast, whose fatal wound had been healed. 13 And it performed great signs,
even causing fire to come down from heaven to the earth in full view of the people. 14 Because of the signs
it was given power to perform on behalf of the first beast, it deceived the inhabitants of the earth. It
ordered them to set up an image in honor of the beast who was wounded by the sword and yet lived. 15 The
second beast was given power to give breath to the image of the first beast, so that the image could speak
and cause all who refused to worship the image to be killed. 16 It also forced all people, great and small, rich
and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hands or on their foreheads, 17 so that they could
not buy or sell unless they had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of its name.
18 This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has insight calculate the number of the beast, for it is the
number of a man.[e] That number is 666.

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On the nature of the mind
28 Then the Lord opened the donkey’s mouth, and it said to Balaam, “What have I done to you to make you
beat me these three times?” Numbers 22:28 NIV
Let his mind be changed from that of a man and let him be given the mind of an animal, till seven times[d]
pass by for him. Daniel 4:16 NIV

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Sight for the Blind
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+of+Saqib+Shaikh&view=detail&mid
=BF458FF95EEEBDFC6D75BF458FF95EEEBDFC6D75&FORM=VIRE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=17&v=R2mC-NUAmMk

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Demo

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Resources
News: AI Weekly

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Two Virtuous Cycles
Data => Learning => Automation => Usefulness
=> Data
Content => Engagement => Personalization =>
Traffic => Content

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Money
Alexa Fund
OpenAI
AI2
AI for the Common Good
● Microsoft
● Amazon
● Facebook
● Oracle

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Other Resources
TensorFlow: https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html
AI Weekly: http://aiweekly.co/
Alexa Skills Kit:
https://developer.amazon.com/public/solutions/alexa/alexa-skills-kit/getting-started
-guide
Messenger Platform: https://messengerplatform.fb.com/

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Asimov’s 3 Laws of Robotics
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.
A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders
would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict
with the First or Second Law.

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Deep Learning Leaders
There are a number of notable players in the deep learning space. On the academic side, the Geoffrey Hinton's lab at
University of Toronto, Yann LeCun's group at New York University and Stanford's AI lab are some of the major leaders
in deep learning research. On the private side, Google has led the way in applying deep learning to search and computer
vision, and Baidu's Chief Scientist, Andrew Ng, is a major contributor to the scientific literature around deep learning on
top of being the cofounder of Coursera.
Adapted from http://blog.deepgram.com/how-to-get-a-job-in-deep-learning/

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20 Hours
Bay Area Deep Learning School Day 1 at CEMEX auditorium, Stanford
10 Hour Deep Learning School:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyovmAtoUx0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dXiAecyJrY

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Nadella
First, we want to build intelligence that augments human abilities and experiences. Ultimately, it’s not going to be about human
vs. machine. We humans have creativity, empathy, emotion, physicality, and insight that can then be mixed with powerful A.I.
computation—the ability to reason over large amounts of data and do pattern recognition more quickly—to help move society
forward. Second, we also have to build trust directly into our technology. We must infuse technology with protections for privacy,
transparency, and security. A.I. devices must be designed to detect new threats and devise appropriate protections as they
evolve. And third, all of the technology we build must be inclusive and respectful to everyone.
http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/06/microsoft_ceo_satya_nadella_humans_and_a_i_can_work_togeth
er_to_solve_society.html?mod=djemCIO_h
Computer pioneer Alan Kay quips, “The best way to predict the future is to invent it.” In the A.I. context, he’s basically saying,
Stop predicting what the future will be like and create it in a principled way.

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Nadella
Writing for the New York Times, cognitive scientist and philosopher Colin Allenconcludes, “Just as we can envisage machines
with increasing degrees of autonomy from human oversight, we can envisage machines whose controls involve increasing
degrees of sensitivity to things that matter ethically. Not perfect machines, to be sure, but better.”
The most critical next step in our pursuit of A.I. is to agree on an ethical and empathic framework for its design.
http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/06/microsoft_ceo_saty
a_nadella_humans_and_a_i_can_work_together_to_solve_society.html?mod=dje
mCIO_h

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We have this vision of a shift from mobile-first to an AI-first world over many years,
- Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google
http://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/06/15/google-is-about-to-change-everything-again/#548ccde73f
1e
“We are in the process of transforming into a machine-learning company,” Jeff Dean, who is in charge of Google
Brain, the company’s artificial intelligence project, told me this year.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/technology/google-assistant.html

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Just as we would have talked about design principles for good user experience, what are the design
principles for good AI? That, to me, is one of those fascinating problems—what does it mean to
have algorithmic accountability when you’re training a deep neural net?
-- Satya Nadella, CEO Microsoft
Salesforce is selling Einstein as a system that can work predictive magic without having to look at your data, in
what Mr. Benioff calls a “democratizing” move that will create millions of A.I. users who are not engineers.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/19/technology/artificial-intelligence-software-is-booming-but-why-now.html?
_r=0

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Marc Benioff
As in past periods of economic transformation, AI will unleash new levels of
productivity, augment our personal and professional lives, and pose existential
questions about the age-old relationship between man and machine. It will disrupt
industries and dislocate workers as it automates more tasks. But just as the
Internet did 20 years ago, AI will also improve existing jobs and spawn new ones.
We should expect this and adapt accordingly by providing training for the jobs of
tomorrow, as well as safety nets for those who fall behind.

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“the ability to reason over large amounts of data and convert it into intelligence”
http://winsupersite.com/ignite/microsoft-ignite-satya-nadella-outlines-democratization-ai

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Democratizing AI?
In the midst of this abundance of information, we’re still constrained by our human
capacity to absorb it.
The question is, how can we use all we have in terms of computational power to solve
this fundamental constraint? To make better sense of the world? That’s the essence of
what AI is. It’s not about having AI that beats humans in games, it’s about helping
everyone achieve more — humans and machines working together to make the world a
better place.
Read more at
http://news.microsoft.com/features/democratizing-ai/#1CxzIZc4cdPeIUE0.99

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Two books to read to understand AI
http://qz.com/698334/bill-gates-says-these-are-the-two-books-we-should-all-read-t
o-understand-ai/
Super Intelligence and the Master Algorithm
http://qz.com/335768/bill-gates-joins-elon-musk-and-stephen-hawking-in-saying-ar
tificial-intelligence-is-scary/

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Robin Li, Baidu owner
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2016-09-02/baidu-ceo-says-ai-is-next-gro
wth-driver-for-company
The next real driver for the Internet will be AI and Baidu Brain is the core of AI
technology.

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That dramatic progress has sparked a burst of activity. Equity funding of AI-focused startups
reached an all-time high last quarter of more than $1 billion, according to theCB Insights research
firm. There were 121 funding rounds for such startups in the second quarter of 2016, compared
with 21 in the equivalent quarter of 2011, that group says. More than $7.5 billion in total
investments have been made during that stretch—with more than $6 billion of that coming since
2014. (In late September, five corporate AI leaders—Amazon, Facebook, Google, IBM, and
Microsoft—formed the nonprofitPartnership on AI to advance public understanding of the subject
and conduct research on ethics and best practices.)

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Strong AI is … playing God?

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Artificial Intelligence for the Kingdom

Artificial Intelligence for the Kingdom

Chris Lim

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