PWA-Bootcamp: von 0 auf MS Paint (hands-on)

Progressive Web Apps sind ein plattformübergreifend einsetzbares Anwendungsmodell auf Web-Basis. Dank Project Fugu, einer Initiative der Chrome-Contributors Google, Microsoft und Intel, wird das Web um noch mächtigere Features erweitert. In diesem Bootcamp zeigt Ihnen Christian Liebel von Thinktecture, wie Sie in nur einem halben Tag eine vereinfachte Version von Paint implementieren und auf Ihrem Gerät installieren können – inklusive Dateisystemzugriff. Bitte bringen Sie Ihr Notebook (ohne Corporate-Proxys/Unternehmensrichtlinien) mit installiertem Google Chrome Canary und Microsoft Visual Studio Code mit.

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1. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Christian Liebel @christianliebel Consultant
2. Hello, it’s me. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Christian Liebel Twitter: @christianliebel Email: christian.liebel @thinktecture.com Angular & PWA Slides: thinktecture.com /christian-liebel
3. 13:30–15:00 Block 1 15:00–15:30 Break 15:30–17:00 Block 2 PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Timetable
4. Things NOT to expect - Blueprint for PWA development - No AuthN/AuthZ Things To Expect - Extensive/up-to-date insights into PWA and Project Fugu - A productivity app use case that works on your desktop & smartphone - Lots of fun - Hands-on exercises Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Bootcamp
5. https://paint.js.org – Productivity app – Draw images – Lots of actions & tools – Installable – Read/save files – Copy/paste images from/to clipboard – Share files to other apps – Register for file extensions PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Demo Use Case
6. (Workshop Edition) – Productivity app – Draw images – Lots of actions & tools – Installable – Read/save files – Copy/paste images from/to clipboard – Share files to other apps – Register for file extensions PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Demo Use Case
7. Setup complete? (Node.js, Google Chrome, Editor, Git) PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Setup (1/3) LAB
8. Optional Download and install Chrome Canary: https://www.google.com/intl/de/chrome/canary/ PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Setup (2/3) LAB
9. git clone https://github.com/thinktecture/ mobiletechcon-2020-pwa.git cd mobiletechcon-2020-pwa npm i npm start PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Setup (3/3) LAB
10. Paint PWA Capabilities Progressive Enhancement PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Agenda
11. Paint PWA Capabilities Progressive Enhancement PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Agenda
12. Canvas – Plain bitmap for the web – Cross-platform, hardware- accelerated graphics operations – Supports different contexts (2D, 3D: WebGL, WebGL 2.0) – Supported on all evergreen browsers and on IE 9+ PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint
13. Canvas Add a canvas element to index.html (line 11): <canvas id="canvas" width="600" height="480"></canvas> Query the canvas element in app.js (line 1): const canvas = document.querySelector('#canvas'); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint LAB
14. Canvas 2D Context fillRect(x, y, width, height) strokeRect(x, y, width, height) beginPath() moveTo(x, y) lineTo(x, y) fill() stroke() PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint
15. Canvas 2D Context Get the 2D context and prepare the canvas in app.js: const canvas = document.querySelector('#canvas'); const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d'); ctx.fillStyle = 'white'; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); ctx.fillStyle = 'black'; PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint LAB
16. Low-latency Rendering PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint Web pages need to synchronize with the DOM on graphics updates causing latencies that can make drawing difficult Low-latency rendering skips syncing with the DOM with can lead to a more natural experience Supported on Chrome (Chrome OS and Windows only)
17. Low-latency Rendering Opt-in to low-latency rendering (app.js): const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d', { desynchronized: true }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint LAB
18. Pointer Events PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint Users nowadays use different input methods, cross-platform apps should cover all of them Pointer Events offer an abstract interface to catch all input methods (pointerdown, pointermove, pointerup) event.offsetX/event.offsetY contain the pointer’s position relative to the listener
19. Pointer Events Add event listeners (bottom of app.js): canvas.addEventListener('pointerdown', event => {}); canvas.addEventListener('pointermove', event => { // ~~ is the shorter Math.floor() ctx.fillRect(~~event.offsetX, ~~event.offsetY, 2, 2); }); canvas.addEventListener('pointerup', () => {}); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint LAB
20. Bresenham Line Algorithm The user may move faster than the input can be processed For this case, we need to remember the previous point and interpolate the points in between The Bresenham line algorithm calculates the missing pixels between two given points PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint
21. Bresenham Line Algorithm 1. Add the following import to the top of app.js (“.js” is required, otherwise the request will 404): import {bresenhamLine} from "./helpers.js"; 2. Then, adjust the event listeners: let previousPoint = null; canvas.addEventListener('pointerdown', event => { previousPoint = { x: ~~event.offsetX, y: ~~event.offsetY }; }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint LAB
22. Bresenham Line Algorithm canvas.addEventListener('pointermove', event => { if (previousPoint) { const currentPoint = { x: ~~event.offsetX, y: ~~event.offsetY }; for(const point of bresenhamLine(previousPoint.x, previousPoint.y, currentPoint.x, currentPoint.y)) { ctx.fillRect(point.x, point.y, 2, 2); } previousPoint = currentPoint; } }); canvas.addEventListener('pointerup', () => { previousPoint = null; }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Paint LAB
23. Paint PWA Capabilities Progressive Enhancement PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Agenda
24. Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Bootcamp Responsive Linkable Discoverable Installable App-like Connectivity Independent Fresh Safe Re-engageable Progressive
25. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Web App Manifest Service Worker
26. Web App Manifest Distinguishes Web Apps from Websites JSON-based file containing metadata for apps only Apps can be identified by search engines, app store providers, etc. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA
27. manifest.webmanifest { "short_name": "Paint", "name": "Paint Workshop", "theme_color": "white", "icons": [{ "src": "icon.png", "sizes": "512x512" }], "start_url": "/index.html", "display": "standalone", "shortcuts": [/* … */] } PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Names Icons Display Mode Shortcuts Start URL Theme color (status bar/window bar)
28. Manifest Display Modes PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA browser minimal-ui standalone fullscreen
29. Manifest Icon Purposes (any) any context (e.g. app icon) monochrome different color requirements (at risk) maskable user agent masks icon as required PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Safe Zone Windows iOS Android
30. Web App Manifest 1. In index.html, add the following tag to the document’s <head> node (e.g., after the stylesheet): <link rel="manifest" href="manifest.webmanifest"> 2. Create the new file manifest.webmanifest and set: a) name and short_name to values of your choice b) display to standalone c) theme_color to #000080 and background_color to #808080 d) start_url to /index.html and scope to / e) icons to [{ src: "icon.png", sizes: "512x512" }] 3. Test manifest in DevTools: F12 > Application > Manifest PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA LAB
31. Manifest Shortcuts PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Secondary entrypoints for your application (e.g., home screen quick actions, jump lists, …) Static definition in Web App Manifest Dynamic API may follow in the future Supported by Google Chrome for Android
32. Web App Manifest – Chrome Installability Signals Web App is not already installed Meets a user engagement heuristic (previously: user has interacted with domain for at least 30 seconds) Includes a Web App Manifest that has short_name or name, at least a 192px and 512px icon, a start_url and a display mode of fullscreen, standalone or minimal-ui Served over HTTPS Has a registered service worker with a fetch event handler PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA
33. Service Worker JavaScript snippet executed in an own thread, registered by the website Acts as a controller, proxy, or interceptor Has a cache to store responses (for offline availability and performance) Can wake up even when the website is closed and perform background tasks (e.g., push notifications or sync) PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA
34. Service Worker PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Service Worker Internet Website HTML/JS Cache fetch
35. Workbox Toolchain by Google Includes a CLI Generates a service worker implementation from directory contents (e.g., build output, or our development directory) Allows you to modify the service worker behavior (maximum flexibility) PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA
36. Service Worker 1. In your console, run: a) npm run workbox wizard (use “src” as project root and defaults for the rest) b) npm run workbox generateSW 2. In index.html, add the following script to the bottom of the <body> node: <script> if (navigator.serviceWorker) { navigator.serviceWorker.register('sw.js'); } </script> 3. Test in DevTools: F12 > Application > Service Worker 4. Install the app: Address Bar > ⊕ Install PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA LAB
37. Service Worker Debugging More information on installed service workers can be found on • chrome://serviceworker- internals (Google Chrome) • about:serviceworkers (Mozilla Firefox) PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA
38. Service Worker Debugging PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA
39. Lighthouse PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA Auditing tool by Google, integrated in Chrome DevTools Automatically checks performance metrics, PWA support, accessibility, SEO and other best practices and gives tips on how to improve Can simulate mobile devices
40. Lighthouse 1. Make sure only one tab/window of your PWA is open 2. Open DevTools: F12 > Lighthouse 3. Make sure to select at least the “Progressive Web App” category 4. Click “Generate report” PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint PWA LAB
41. Paint PWA Capabilities Progressive Enhancement PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Agenda
42. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint
43. Project Fugu PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities »Let’s bring the web back – API by API« Thomas Steiner, Google
44. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities Contacts Picker Screen Wake Lock API File System Access API Shape Detection API
45. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities https://goo.gle/fugu-api-tracker
46. PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities navigator.share({ url: 'http://example.com' }); ShareIntent DataTransferManager … NSSharingServicePicker
47. File System Access API Some applications heavily rely on working with files (e.g. Visual Studio Code, Adobe Photoshop, …) File System Access API allows you to open, save and override files and directories Shipped with Google Chrome 86 PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities
48. File System Access API 1. Add the following buttons to the <nav> bar in index.html: <button id="open">Open</button> <button id="save">Save</button> <button id="copy">Copy</button> <button id="paste">Paste</button> <button id="share">Share</button> PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
49. File System Access API 2. At the top of app.js, change the import as follows: import {bresenhamLine, getImage, toBlob} from "./helpers.js"; 3. Add the following lines at the bottom of app.js: const fileOptions = { types: [{ description: 'PNG files', accept: {'image/png': ['.png']} }] }; PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
50. File System Access API 4. Add the following lines at the bottom of app.js: const btnSave = document.querySelector('#save'); btnSave.addEventListener('click', async () => { const blob = await toBlob(canvas); const handle = await window.showSaveFilePicker(fileOptions); const writable = await handle.createWritable(); await writable.write(blob); await writable.close(); }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
51. File System Access API Add the following code at the end of app.js: const btnOpen = document.querySelector('#open'); btnOpen.addEventListener('click', async () => { const [handle] = await window.showOpenFilePicker(fileOptions); const file = await handle.getFile(); const image = await getImage(file); ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0); }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
52. Async Clipboard API Allows reading from/writing to the clipboard in an asynchronous manner (UI won’t freeze during long-running operations) Reading from the clipboard requires user consent first (privacy!) Supported by Chrome, Edge and Safari PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities
53. Async Clipboard API Add the following code at the end of app.js: const btnCopy = document.querySelector('#copy'); btnCopy.addEventListener('click', async () => { const blob = await toBlob(canvas); await navigator.clipboard.write([ new ClipboardItem({[blob.type]: blob}) ]); }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
54. Async Clipboard API const btnPaste = document.querySelector('#paste'); btnPaste.addEventListener('click', async () => { const clipboardItems = await navigator.clipboard.read(); for (const clipboardItem of clipboardItems) { for (const type of clipboardItem.types) { if (type === 'image/png') { const blob = await clipboardItem.getType(type); const image = await getImage(blob); ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0); } } } }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
55. Web Share API Allows sharing a title, URL, text, or files API can only be invoked as a result of a user action (i.e. a click or keypress) Files supported in Chrome on Android, Edge on Windows PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities
56. Web Share API const btnShare = document.querySelector('#share'); btnShare.disabled = !('canShare' in navigator); btnShare.addEventListener('click', async () => { const blob = await toBlob(canvas); const file = new File([blob], 'untitled.png', {type: 'image/png'}); const item = {files: [file], title: 'untitled.png'}; if (await navigator.canShare(item)) { await navigator.share(item); } }); PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
57. File System Handling API Register your PWA as a handler for file extensions Requires installing the application first Declare supported extensions in Web App Manifest and add imperative code to your application logic PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities
58. File System Handling API 1. Enable the following flag in Chrome Canary and restart the browser: chrome://flags/#file-handling-api 2. Add the following property to your manifest (manifest.webmanifest): "file_handlers": [{ "action": "/index.html", "accept": { "image/png": [".png"] } }] PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
59. File System Handling API 3. Add the following code to the bottom of app.js: if ('launchQueue' in window) { launchQueue.setConsumer(async params => { const [handle] = params.files; if (handle) { const file = await handle.getFile(); const image = await getImage(file); ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0); } }); } 4. Re-generate Service Worker: npm run workbox generateSW PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Capabilities LAB
60. Paint PWA Capabilities Progressive Enhancement PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Agenda
61. Overview Use available interfaces and functions of a system (opposite of Graceful Degradation) Users with modern, feature-rich browsers get a better experience Apps are available on older browsers, but with limited functionality Concept: Browser feature support should grow over time—thereby more users can enjoy an increasing number of features PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Progressive Enhancement
62. Overview if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { navigator.serviceWorker.register(…) .then(() => /* … */); } In JavaScript: check whether an API/feature is available. If yes—use it! Otherwise: 1. Disable the functionality 2. Fall back to an alternative API (if available) PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Progressive Enhancement
63. Disabling unsupported features In app.js, disable the buttons in case the respective API does not exist, e.g.: btnOpen.disabled = !('showOpenFilePicker' in window); 1. Open: window.showOpenFilePicker() 2. Save: window.showSaveFilePicker() 3. Copy: navigator.clipboard + navigator.clipboard.read() 4. Paste: navigator.clipboard + navigator.clipboard.write() 5. Share: navigator.canShare() PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Progressive Enhancement LAB
64. Q&A PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint
65. New powerful APIs regularly ship with new releases of Chromium-based browsers Some only add minor finishing touches, others enable whole application categories as productivity apps to finally make the shift to the web Some APIs already made their way into other browsers (e.g., Web Share) Fugu process makes sure that capabilities are implemented in a secure, privacy-preserving manner Let’s make the web a more capable platform! PWA Bootcamp Von 0 auf MS Paint Summary
66. Thank you for your kind attention! Christian Liebel @christianliebel christian.liebel@thinktecture.com