The Development And Evolution of Language

CH6 of ‘Language, Cluture and Society’ by Z. Salzmann, J. M. Stanlaw, N. Adachi

課堂報告
第 2 ~ 7 張投影片是組員的，不關我的事。

Transcript

1. The Development And Evolution of Language Language, Culture and Society Z. Salzmann, J. M. Stanlaw, N. Adachi
2. Communication and Its Channels • An early model of communication: the sender, the message, the channel, the receiver, and the effect. • 吖圵ኞᇔ樌ጱԻ窕 • ݱ圵㯽螏懱௳ጱොୗ物肯憽牏憙憽牏藉憽牏琘憽 • 懱௳㯽螏ጱ疻匍
3. Communication Among Social Insects • Bees: Pheromone, dance • Ants: Pheromone, tactile signals • ๜胼䋊聜
4. Communication Among Nonhuman Primates and Other Vertebrates •Birds: Songs and calls •Cetaceans: Acoustic signals •Chimpanzees
5. Milestones • Human evolution • Evolution of human culture • Establishment of language
6. Design Features of Language 1.Vocal-auditory channel 2.Broadcast transmission and directional reception 3.Rapid fading 4.Interchangeability 5.Complete feedback 6.Specialization 7.Semanticity
7. Design Features of Language 8.Arbitrariness 9.Discreteness 10.Displacement 11.Productivity/Openness 12.Duality of patterning 13.Cultural (or traditional) transmission 14.Prevarication 15.Reflexiveness 16.Learnability
8. 承᥺ฎᄍ玕ጱ叨ᇔ
9. 承᥺䷱磪ᇔ搡ጱᄍ玕綫撪 ?
10. 㮆㺔氂 2
11. 承᥺ฎ统簁ၶ匍牧 螭ฎ侅蝱咳疻ጱ牫 1
12. 蝫媲ቘ抷҈Ӿ䥁ቘ抷 Lenneberg (1967)
13. 蝫媲ቘ抷(continuity) ୌचෝ 㵕ᇔ传蝢 ತڊ 娄௔稲纷 ᰁጱ癩吖
14. Ӿ䥁ቘ抷(discontinuity) 加ᛔ咳疻 Ꮈ绗 ݘդ承᥺
15. Lenneberg 玱䌘蝫媲ቘ抷ጱቘኧ ɾय़ሜሜฎ玱挨 ɾ̿㵕ᇔ传蝢ńńՈ承᥺̀ጱവ抷犋ਠ碉 ɾ䷱磪ತک᪜ᗭ誢ᇔ圵ጱ传蝢ᤈ傶粬监 ⇒ ䷱磪挨硁
16. 承᥺ฎࢩአᘒኞጱ 螭ฎኞᇔ詴㵕ጱ牫 2
17. ᄍ玕㬵ጱ
18. ۅ叨ߝ by-product
19. ∩
20. ∩
21. ∩ ೥㯎
22. ೥㯎spandrel 㱑ᓕ犋ฎ磪఺咳疻牧֕奾ຎ 㬵藯盄᯿ᥝጱᄍ玕ۅ叨ߝ
23. ᄍ玕ፗ矑֢አ҈ݝฎۅ叨ߝ
24. ᄍ玕ፗ矑֢አ ɾᄍ玕螂纷眜咳羊ੂጱLADزկ ɾPinker
25. ݝฎۅ叨ߝ ɾ蒂ቘ承᥺ጱ秚ګฎℂ覄裾觊蒂ቘ憙 ̴憽ጱ秚ګᄍ玕ڊ㬵ጱ ɾᥝ㺔ጱฎአک֜圵ኞᇔ䯤蝨 ɾGivón, Chomsky, Gould
26. አک֜圵ኞᇔ䯤蝨牫 (A)ܻ磪ጱ!承᥺ࢩአᘒኞ (B) 碝ጱ҈粬玕ጱ䯤蝨!ॠኞጱ
27. 承᥺ጱ瑿ቘ蚏რ
28. 㻌Ӟ蚏რ҈ग़瑿蚏რ
29. 搡綡ग़瑿蚏რ ɾ承᥺狅蚅谎य़ጱ蒂ቘ秚ګ牧 ̴ಅ磪Ո᮷㴄অᄍ玕蒂Ӟ䰬ጱ䯤蝨牫 ɾBickerton物㻌Ӟ统虋疰䄪虋ڊ承᥺ ̴⇒ 玱ᘒิ纈磪وݶ礬რ
30. 㻌Ӟ蚏რ藯 㻌娄 ग़娄 fuzzy
32. a b c d
33. a b c d
34. a b c d A B C
35. B 匍ਂ承᥺ ᮷ℂ蝡愊虋㬵
36. ইຎ磪獋圵ኸӥ珌牫
37. a b c d A B C
38. B C 螭ฎӞ䰬㻌Ӟ蚏რࠡ
39. 㺔氂懵抷
40. 蝫媲ቘ抷(continuity) ୌचෝ 㵕ᇔ传蝢 ತڊ 娄௔稲纷 ᰁጱ癩吖
41. 蝫媲ቘ抷(continuity) 搡ጱ癩吖 ?