Relativistic Compact Outflows in Radio-quiet AGN Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Ashkbiz Danehkar Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan [email protected] In collaborations with: Mike Nowak (MIT), Gerard Kriss (STSI), Julia Lee (Harvard), In collaborations with: Mike Nowak (MIT), Gerard Kriss (STSI), Julia Lee (Harvard), Randall Smith (SAO) and et al. Randall Smith (SAO) and et al. Extreme Astrophysics Group, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA, October 31st, 2019
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 5 X-ray Feature of AGN Disk Black- body Hot Corona Warm Absorbers K-shell Iron Beckmann & Shrader 2012 Risaliti & Elvis 2004 (bbody + powerlaw + ∑ emis) x ∏ abs
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 7 PG 1211+143 A Narrow-line Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) In a radio-quite (Seyfert I) galaxy (z = 0.0809) Strong soft excess Mildly relativistic outflows – 0.06c and 0.13c (XMM-Newton) redshifted aborbers at 0.2-0.4c: infall to the black hole
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 8 PG 1211+143: XMM-Newton UFOs v out ~ -0.07c (Pounds + 2003) UFOs v out ~ -0.13c (Pounds+ 2006,2007,2009) UFOs v out ~ -0.06c and -0.13c (Pounds + 2016) H- and He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar and Fe ions
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 15 PG 1211+143: Photoionization Model Absorpti on -0.06c HST Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) UV Lyα wide absorption line, possible counterpart to X-ray absorber The same outflow velocity (-0.06c) log N H I > 14.5 (log N H ~ 21) log ξ ~ 2.9 Kriss + 2018, ApJ 853:166
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 18 Ultra-fast Outflow in AGN Detection of relativistic outflows in X-ray ● Seyfert I PDS 456 Ionized outflow at -0.24c and -0.48 c Biossay-Malaquin, Danehkar + 2019
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 20 Unified AGN Outflow Model Absorption Measure Distribution (AMD): similar to Emission Measure Distribution (EMD) n(r) ~ r -1.4 density profile Behar 2009
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 22 Unified AGN Outflow Model Non-Unification of UFOs and WAs Tombesi + 2013 (Ultra-fast outflows) (Warm Absorbers)
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 23 Unified AGN Outflow Model Black Hole Spin Implication for a Unified AGN Model? Garofalo + 2010 Beckmann & Shrader 2012, Active Galactic Nuclei AGN Unified Model - Radio-Quiet AGN: Seyfert I, Seyfert II - Radio-Loud AGN: FR I, FR II (extended radio jets)
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 24 Supermassive Black Hole Spin Black Hole Spin Measurement (see Brenneman 2013) ● Thermal Continuum Fitting (UV observation) – stellar-mass black hole – AGN (may problematic due to UV absorption lines!) ● Inner Disk Reflection Modeling – AGN (X-ray) ● High Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations – AGN + stellar-mass black hole (fully not developed) ● X-ray Polarimetry – Need sensitive X-ray polarimter (not available now!) ● Imaging the Event Horizon Shadow – Need Very Long Baseline Interferometry (in development) – Suitable only for Sgr A* and M87 a = J c / G M2 (a: BH spin, J: angular momentum, M: BH mass, G: gravitational constant, c: speed of light)
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 25 Supermassive Black Hole Spin Relativistically broadened Kα iron line (6.4 keV) Compton hump (> 10keV) Black Hole Spin Measurement from X-ray a = - 1 a = 0 a = 1 Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 27 Supermassive Black Hole Mass BH Mass from Reverberation Mapping Technique (Kaspi + 2000) ● Variation in light curves of broad emission line region (BLR) in Seyfert I AGN ● Time delay in variation of BLR luminosity (Hb 4861A) relative to variation of accretion disk luminosity (continuum 5100A) www.techfreaq.de Bentz + 2006
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 29 Theories for UFO in AGN ● strong magnetic field in accretion flow/disk of rotating BH – Blandford-Znajek process (1977) for strong jets from flow – Blandford-Payne process (1982) for slow winds from disk ● frame dragging (gravitomagnetism indirectly) – Penrose process (1971) – Kerr spacetime of rotating BH – extracting black-hole rotational energy ● frame dragging + magnetic field (e.g. Narayan & Quataert 2005) ● gravitomagnetism Frame dragging+magnetic (Narayan & Quataert 2005) Blandford-Znajek process (Thorne 1995)
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 30 Theories for UFO in AGN For local gravitational filed, these are Einstein field equations: For non-local gravitational fields, there are dynamical formulas from Bianchi identities in General Relativity: Newtonian Tidal force Non-Newtonian effect Gravitational waves shear current angular momentum Trumper 1964, Hawking 1966, Ellis 1971
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 31 Summary X-ray ionized Absorbers WAs: typically H-like & He-like O, Ne, Mg, Si & S ions, low velocity < 10,000 km/s UFOs: typically H-like & He-like Fe, high velocity > 10,000 km/s, usually ~ 0.05– 0.45c The Quasar PG1211+143 XMM-Newton observations: UFOs v out ~ -0.06c and -0.13c Chandra observations together with Hubble UV, VLA radio observations in 2015 Photoionization Modeling of PG1211+143 X-ray ionized absorber: outflow velocity -0.06c UV Lyα absorption: outflow velocity -0.06c, possible counterpart to X-ray absorber MPI-based parallelization for supercomputers: MPI_XSTAR Unified AGN Outflow Model Ionization parameter-Outflow velocity correlations (Tombesi + 2013) A possible correlation between UFO and angular momentum?
10/31/2019 Extreme Astrophysics Group 32 Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention
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