Fake News on Facebook and Twitter: Trump vs. Clinton
A data analytics project aimed at examining the proliferation of fake news and biased information on social media during the 2016 US presidential election campaign. Presentation by Abid Hussain
Hussain Associate Professor, Centre for Business Data Analytics Department of Digitalization Copenhagen Business School Phone: +45-31194194 Skype: abid.hussain.it Email: [email protected] Web: http://cssl.cbs.dk CBS, Copenhagen, Denmark
• News: Real vs. Fake • Conceptual Model of Big Social Data Methodology • Analytical Framework: Social Set Analysis • Datasets • Facebook: Official Walls of Trump & Clinton • Twitter: Demographics • Twitter: Follower Biographies • Twitter: Tweets Archive for Trump & Clinton Results • Twitter: Demographics & Biographies • Fake News: Facebook Walls of Trump & Clinton • Fake News: Twitter Streams of Trump & Clinton
Liberty •P2T2 Solutions •Lincoln Report •New Republic •Rational Wiki •Snopes •Urban Legends – About Entertainment Evaluating Online News: Real or Fake (OpenSources.Co) Step 1: Title/Domain Analysis Step 2: About Us Analysis Step 3: Source Analysis Step 4: Writing Style Analysis Step 5: Aesthetic Analysis Step 6: Social Media Analysis (OpenSources.Co) • Fake News (tag fake): Sources that entirely fabricate information, disseminate deceptive content, or grossly distort actual news reports • Satire (tag satire): Sources that use humor, irony, exaggeration, ridicule, and false information to comment on current events. • Extreme Bias (tag bias): Sources that come from a particular point of view and may rely on propaganda, decontextualized information, and opinions distorted as facts. • Conspiracy Theory (tag conspiracy): Sources that are well-known promoters of kooky conspiracy theories. • Rumor Mill (tag rumor): Sources that traffic in rumors, gossip, innuendo, and unverified claims. • State News (tag state): Sources in repressive states operating under government sanction. • Junk Science (tag junksci): Sources that promote pseudoscience, metaphysics, naturalistic fallacies, and other scientifically dubious claims. • Hate News (tag hate): Sources that actively promote racism, misogyny, homophobia, and other forms of discrimination. • Clickbait (tag clickbait): Sources that provide generally credible content, but use exaggerated, misleading, or questionable headlines, social media descriptions, and/or images. • Proceed With Caution (tag unreliable): Sources that may be reliable but whose contents require further verification. • Political (tag political): Sources that provide generally verifiable information in support of certain points of view or political orientations. • Credible (tag reliable): Sources that circulate news and information in a manner consistent with traditional and ethical practices in journalism (Remember: even credible sources sometimes rely on clickbait-style headlines or occasionally make mistakes. No news organization is perfect, which is why a healthy news diet consists of multiple sources of information).
31-12-2016 Donald Trump’s Official Facebook Wall • Total Posts = 2,927 • Total Comments = 15,824,969 • Total Reactions = 237,458,525 • Total Like = 215,268,093 • Total Love = 14,763,834 • Total HaHa = 2,309,725 • Total Wow = 981,181 • Total Sad = 810,002 • Total Angry = 3,301,588 • Total Thankful = 23,680 • Total Pride = 422 Hillary Clinton’s Official Facebook Wall • Total Posts = 698 • Total Comments = 2,867,353 • Total Reactions = 27,823,946 • Total Like = 23,068,584 • Total Love = 3,199,042 • Total HaHa = 311,611 • Total Wow = 142,381 • Total Sad = 549,530 • Total Angry = 550,927 • Total Thankful = 1,789 • Total Pride = 82 Hillary Clinton’s Official Facebook Wall • Time Period: 01-01-2016 to 31-12-2016 • Total Posts = 2,119 • Time Period: 01-01-2016 to 14-10-2016 • Total Comments = 3,767,095 What’s Going On?
Official Twitter Account • Timespan: 04-05-2009 to 24-11-2017 • Total Tweets: 32,534 • Tweets with no links: 26,411 • Tweets with links: 6,123 • Total retweets (Trump retweeting other accounts): 490 • Total “received” retweets (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 80,907,209 • Total “received” favorites (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 273,440,922 • Average “received” retweets (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 2524.87 • Average “received” favorites (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 8533.29 Hillary Clinton’s Official Twitter Account • Timespan: 01-01-2015 to 04-11-2017 • Total Tweets: 7,534 • Tweets with no links: 3,635 • Tweets with links: 3,979 • Total retweets (Clinton retweeting other accounts): 43 • Total “received” retweets (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 21,375,415 • Total “received” favorites (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 53,182,225 • Average “received” retweets (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 2823.70 • •Average “received” favorites (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 7025.39
Official Twitter Account • Timespan: 04-05-2009 to 24-11-2017 • Total Tweets: 32,534 • Tweets with no links: 26,411 • Tweets with links: 6,123 • Total retweets (Trump retweeting other accounts): 490 • Total “received” retweets (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 80,907,209 • Total “received” favorites (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 273,440,922 • Average “received” retweets (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 2524.87 • Average “received” favorites (number of retweets on Trump’s tweets): 8533.29 Hillary Clinton’s Official Twitter Account • Timespan: 01-01-2015 to 04-11-2017 • Total Tweets: 7,534 • Tweets with no links: 3,635 • Tweets with links: 3,979 • Total retweets (Clinton retweeting other accounts): 43 • Total “received” retweets (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 21,375,415 • Total “received” favorites (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 53,182,225 • Average “received” retweets (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 2823.70 • •Average “received” favorites (number of retweets on Clinton’s tweets): 7025.39
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