subroutines, I recognized something else was happening in the prgramming group. We were using subroutines. We were copying routines from one program into another. Two things wrong with that: programmers are lousy adders. Programmers are lousy copyists (B’s turned into 13’s, 4’s into A’s). It therefore seemed sensible instead of having programmers copy the subroutines, to have the computer copy the subroutines. Out of that came the A-0 compiler. Grace Murray Hopper