Living with Pests and Diseases

by Hugh Clayden

Transcript

1. 8 October 2013 Living with pests and diseases Hugh Clayden Tree health policy adviser
3. Background
4. Background USA,CA Asia AU, NZ Trade data from UN Comtrade
5. Background
6. Phytophthora ramorum 26 September 2013
7. Phytophthora ramorum
8. Phytophthora ramorum
9. Dothistroma needle blight
10. Dothistroma needle blight
11. Dothistroma needle blight
12. Chalara dieback of ash
13. Chalara dieback of ash
14. Phytophthora austrocedrae
15. Phytophthora austrocedrae
16. Phytophthora lateralis
17. Phytophthora lateralis
18. Phytophthora lateralis Rate of discovery of Phytophthora species
19. Pine tree lappet moth
20. Pine tree lappet moth
21. Pine tree lappet moth
22. Pine beauty moth
23. Established Recent On the horizon • Dutch elm disease • Larch canker • Pine beauty moth • Pine looper moth • Oak leaf roller moth • Winter moth • Anisogramma virgultorum • Armillaria spp • Brunchorstia pinea • Elatobium abietinum • Heterobasidium annosum • Hylobius abietis • Ips cembrae/Ceratocystis aricola • Lophodermium spp • Lophodermella spp • Marssonina betulae • Phytophthora alni • Phytophthora cambivora • Phytophthora syringae • Phytophthora pseudosyringae • Phytophthora cinnamomi • Ramichloridium pini • Sphaeropsis sapinea • Tomicus piniperda • Dothistroma needle blight • Phytophthora ramorum • Phytophthora kernoviae • Pine tree lappet moth • Phytophthora lateralis • Phytophthora austrocedrae • Acute oak decline • Oak processionary moth • Oak pinhole borer (Platypus cylindrus) • Western conifer seed bug • Gypsy moth • Asian longhorn beetle* • Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) ---------------------------------------- • Pinewood nematode • Ips typographus • Pine pitch canker • Pine processionary moth • Citrus longhorn beetle ---------------------------------------- • Spruce budworm • Emerald ash borer • Bronze birch borer • Great spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus micans) • Ash dieback (Chalara fraxinea) • Horse chestnut bleeding canker/ leaf miner * currently thought to have been eradicated Cumulative risks?
24. Cumulative risks? Rainfall - 11-16% summer + 12-21% winter Temperature + 3.0-3.5 C summer + 2.2-2.6 C winter
25. Cumulative risks?
26. Cumulative risks?
27. Cumulative risks?
28. Cumulative risks?
29. Cumulative risks?
30. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) British Columbia • 17.5 M ha dead/dying (57 M ha) • 726 M m3 (11 B m3) • 16 mills to close • 27,000 jobs lost Global
31. Global
32. Global Phytophthora pinifolia (Radiata pine, Chile)
33. Chestnut blight First reported in USA in 1904 on Castanea dentata in New York City In 1926, disease occurred throughout native range of C. dentata By 1940, almost all American chestnut trees were dead Global
34. UK Strategy Keep out
35. UK Strategy Keep out Eradicate
36. UK Strategy Keep out Eradicate Contain
37. UK Strategy Keep out Eradicate Contain Live with
38. UK Strategy Keep out Eradicate Contain Live with What is meant by ‘living with’?
39. UK Strategy
40. UK Strategy
41. UK Strategy
42. Managing risk
43. Managing risk
44. Managing risk
45. Managing risk
46. Managing risk
47. Managing risk
48. Managing risk
49. Managing risk
50. Managing risk
51. Managing risk
52. Managing risk
53. Managing risk
54. Managing risk
55. Managing risk
56. Managing risk 2010 DNB at 3 pine nurseries in Scotland (1.2 M plants) 2011 DNB at 6 pine nurseries in Scotland (1.8 M plants) 2012 DNB at 3 pine nurseries in Scotland (65 K plants) 2013 DNB not detected
57. Managing risk
58. Managing risk
59. Managing risk
60. Managing risk
61. Spreading the risk
62. Spreading the risk Resilience-building measures Select the most suitable species and genotypes Reduce other pressures on forests Maintain or add diversity in structure and species
63. Spreading the risk
64. Spreading the risk
65. Spreading the risk Spectrum of approaches
66. Some questions Do diverse ecosystems respond in a more buffered way to disturbance and recover more quickly than monocultures? Is the best strategic response to seek mosaics of species and management approaches at a landscape scale? Can we afford to lose trees but not woodland? And if so, how?
67. Conclusions What will appear on the horizon?
68. Don’t get wise too late………..