Herman, et al., U. Hawaii, 1980’s, visual, first artificial sentences • e.g., “get the blue frisbee and put it at the left corner of pool” • Dr. Roger Payne et al., 1970’s, first analysis of whale songs, Nat Geo • R. Cheney, USCG, 1960’s, audio, analog, two-way • sonars http://www.navy.mil/viewGallery.asp?id=103&page=7&r=4 !24