はてなリモートインターン2021 マイクロサービス 講義資料

https://hatenacorp.jp/recruit/intern/2021

Transcript

1. ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε
   microservice
   #hatenaintern2021
   

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2. 泘㗧
   • microservice
   • Ͳ͜Ͱ microservice Λ㒻㕴͢Δ͔?
   • microservice chassis
   • Մ᧺ଌੑ (observability)
   • service 㕽㙳৴
   • 㒻ࢄ data ؅ཧ
   • micro frontend
   • microservice ͷ release
   

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3. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   .
   

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4. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   micro + service
   

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5. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   micro + service
   micro- : খ͞ͳ
   

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6. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   micro + service
   micro- : খ͞ͳ
   service :
   

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7. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   micro + service
   micro- : খ͞ͳ
   service : a system that provides something that the public needs, organized by the government or a private
   company (Oxford)
   

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8. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   micro + service
   micro- : খ͞ͳ
   service : a system that provides something that the public needs, organized by the government or a private
   company (Oxford)
   

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9. NJDSPTFSWJDF
   micro + service
   micro- : খ͞ͳ
   service : a system that provides something that the public needs, organized by the government or a private
   company (Oxford)
   [user needs]

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10. NJDSPTFSWJDF
    micro + service
    micro- : খ͞ͳ
    service : a system that provides something that the public needs, organized by the government or a private
    company (Oxford)
    [user ͷٻΊ]

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11. TFSWJDF
    ྫ :
    

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12. TFSWJDF
    ྫ :
    ͸ͯͳϦϞʔτΠϯλʔϯγοϓ 2021
    [Πϯλʔϯੜͷօ͞Μ]

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13. TFSWJDF
    ྫ :
    ͸ͯͳϒϩά
    [user]

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14. TFSWJDF
    user ʹ෺ࣄΛఏڙ͢Δ࢓૊Έ (service)
    

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15. TFSWJDF
    খ͞ͳ࢓૊Έ (service) Λ૊Έ߹͸ͤͯେ͖ͳ࢓૊Έ (service) Λ࡞Δ
    

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16. TFSWJDF
    service ͷதͰ͸ᒬʑͳ process (OS process, goroutine, OOP class instance, etc.) ͕ಈ͍ͯΙΔ
    .
    

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17. TFSWJDF
    service ͷதͰ͸ᒬʑͳ process (OS process, goroutine, OOP class instance, etc.) ͕ಈ͍ͯΙΔ
    [ଞͷ process ͔Βͷೖྗ]

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18. TFSWJDF
    OOP class instance Λ "service" ͱݺͿྫ
    cf. PoEAA p.133, p.139 "Service Layer"
    

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19. TFSWJDF
    service ͷதͰ͸ᒬʑͳ process (OS process, goroutine, OOP class instance, etc.) ͕ಈ͍ͯΙΔ
    [ଞͷ process ͔Βͷೖྗ]

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20. TFSWJDF
    service ͷೖΕࢠ͕㒁ʹ᠃͘৔߹΋͋Δ
    

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21. TFSWJDF
    service ͷதʹ service ͕͋ͬͯɺதͷ service ͕ deploy ͢ΔᄸҐͰ΋͋Δ৔߹ɺதͷ service Λ microservice
    ͱݺͿ
    

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22. TFSWJDF
    Q. ͜Ε͸ service Ͱ͔͢?
    

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23. TFSWJDF
    [user ͷٻΊ]

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24. TFSWJDF
    [user ͷٻΊ] user ͱ࢓૊Έ͸نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯ΍ΓऔΓ͢Δ
    

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25. TFSWJDF
    [user ͷٻΊ] user ͱ࢓૊Έ͸نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯ΍ΓऔΓ͢Δ
    ྫ :
    • menu ʹԊͬͯḼ亣͠୅ۚΛ፫; • HTTP request

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26. TFSWJDF
    microservice ͷ㑔ޠ : SOA (service oriented architecture)
    

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27. TFSWJDF
    microservice ͷ㑔ޠ : SOA (service oriented architecture)
    Amazon @ 2002
    1)͜ͷ࣌఺ΑΓɺશͯͷνʔϜ͸αʔϏεΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ௨ͯ͡શͯͷσʔλͱػೳΛެ։͢Δ͜ͱɻ
    2)֤νʔϜ͸֤ʑͦͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ௨ͯ͡௨৴͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ
    3)ͦͷଞͷશͯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴͸ڐՄ͞Εͳ͍ɻμΠϨΫτϦϯΫɺଞͷνʔϜͷσʔλιʔε͔Β௚઀
    σʔλΛಡΉ͜ͱɺϝϞϦڞ༗ϞσϧɺόοΫυΞɺશͯΛې͡ΔɻωοτϫʔΫӽ͠ͷαʔϏεΠϯλʔ
    ϑΣʔεΛܦ༝ͨ͠௨৴͚͕ͩڐՄ͞ΕΔɻ
    4)࢖༻͢Δٕज़͸໰Θͳ͍ɻ HTTP ɺ Corba ɺ Pubsub ɺ ΧελϜϓϩτίϧɺԿͰ΋ྑ͍ɻ Bezos ͸ؾʹ
    ͠ͳ͍ɻ
    5)શͯͷαʔϏεΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͸ɺྫ֎ͳ͘ɺ֎෦ʹެ։ՄೳͳΑ͏ʹθϩ͔Βઃܭ͞Εͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ
    ͍ɻ͢ͳΘͪɺνʔϜ͸શੈքͷσϕϩούʹ޲͚ͯΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛެ։͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ɺઃܭ
    ͠ɺܭը͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻྫ֎͸ແ͍ɻ
    Steve Yegge ͷ Google ͱϓϥοτϑΥʔϜʹؔ͢ΔͿͬͪΌ͚࿩Λ༁ͨ͠ʢલฤʣ
    

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28. TFSWJDF
    microservice ͷ㑔ޠ : SOA (service oriented architecture)
    Amazon @ 2002
    1)͜ͷ࣌఺ΑΓɺશͯͷνʔϜ͸ αʔϏεΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ௨ͯ͡શͯͷσʔλͱػೳΛެ։͢Δ ͜ͱɻ
    2)֤νʔϜ͸֤ʑ ͦͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ௨ͯ͡௨৴͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ɻ
    3)ͦͷଞͷશͯͷϓϩηεؒ௨৴͸ڐՄ͞Εͳ͍ɻμΠϨΫτϦϯΫɺଞͷνʔϜͷσʔλιʔε͔Β௚઀
    σʔλΛಡΉ͜ͱɺϝϞϦڞ༗ϞσϧɺόοΫυΞɺશͯΛې͡ΔɻωοτϫʔΫӽ͠ͷαʔϏεΠϯλʔ
    ϑΣʔεΛܦ༝ͨ͠௨৴͚͕ͩڐՄ͞ΕΔɻ
    4)࢖༻͢Δٕज़͸໰Θͳ͍ɻ HTTP ɺ Corba ɺ Pubsub ɺ ΧελϜϓϩτίϧɺԿͰ΋ྑ͍ɻ Bezos ͸ؾʹ
    ͠ͳ͍ɻ
    5)શͯͷαʔϏεΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͸ɺྫ֎ͳ͘ɺ֎෦ʹެ։ՄೳͳΑ͏ʹθϩ͔Βઃܭ͞Εͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ
    ͍ɻ͢ͳΘͪɺνʔϜ͸શੈքͷσϕϩούʹ޲͚ͯΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛެ։͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ɺઃܭ
    ͠ɺܭը͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻྫ֎͸ແ͍ɻ
    Steve Yegge ͷ Google ͱϓϥοτϑΥʔϜʹؔ͢ΔͿͬͪΌ͚࿩Λ༁ͨ͠ʢલฤʣ
    

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29. TFSWJDF
    Q. ͜Ε͸ service Ͱ͔͢?
    .
    

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30. TFSWJDF
    Q. ͜Ε͸ service Ͱ͔͢?
    A. ͍͍͑ɻ͜Ε͸ service Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻuser ͱ࢓૊Έ͸نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯ΍ΓऔΓͯ͠Ι·ͤΜ
    

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31. TFSWJDF
    user ͱ࢓૊Έͷ㕽ʹ͸௨৴࿏͕͋Δ
    

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32. TFSWJDF
    㙳৴͕نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯΙΕ͹ɺ㙳৴࿏͸ந৅Ͱ͖Δ
    

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33. NPOPMJUI
    microservice ͷሣٛޠ͸ monolith
    monolith : Ұຕؠ
    

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34. NPOPMJUI
    microservice ʹ͓͍ͯɺservice ͷ user ͸ଞͷ service
    [user service]

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35. NPOPMJUI
    service 㚎ͷ process ΍ OOP class instance ͕ɺଞͷ process ΍ OOP class instance Λ user ͱͯ͠෺ࣄΛఏڙ
    ͯ͠ΙΕ͹ɺ͜ΕΒ΋ service ͱݟ၏ͤΔ
    [user class]

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36. NPOPMJUI
    service 㚎ͷ process ΍ OOP class instance ͕ɺଞͷ process ΍ OOP class instance Λ user ͱͯ͠෺ࣄΛఏڙ
    ͯ͠ΙΕ͹ɺ͜ΕΒ΋ service ͱݟ၏ͤΔ
    Ͱ͸ process ͸ microservice Ͱͤ͏͔?
    

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37. NPOPMJUI
    microservice ʹԙ͚Δݸʑͷ service ͸ deploy ᄸҐ
    • ᘐཱʹ deploy ͢ΔͷͳΒ microservice
    • వΊͯ deploy ͢ΔͳΒ monolith
    ઃܭʹ͸ microservice ͱ monolith Ͱಉ͡ख๏͕㒊΁ΔɻಘΒΕΔᏈՌ΋ࣅΔ
    ྫ : refactoring (㘟㕡㙹 architecture)
    

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38. ל׆ךNJDSPTFSWJDF؅㒻׌׾־
    .
    

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39. ל׆ךNJDSPTFSWJDF؅㒻׌׾־
    • "-ility" ͷڥ
    

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40. ל׆ךNJDSPTFSWJDF؅㒻׌׾־
    • "-ility" ͷڥ
    • business capability ͷڥ
    • scalability ͷڥ
    • security ͷڥ
    

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41. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    ྫ :
    • 㚒ᨽ
    • 㘆඼දࣔɾᒾࡧ
    • ՝ۚ
    • ग़ՙ
    

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42. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    [user ͷٻΊ] business capability ͷڥ = user ͷٻΊΔ෺ࣄͷڥ
    • user ͕ҟͳΔ
    • user ͸ಉ͕ͩ͡ٻΊΔ෺ࣄ͕ҟͳΔ
    

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43. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    ʮservice Λ㒻͚ΔͳΒ team Λ㒻͚Δʯ͔?
    

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44. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    Conway ͷ๏ଇ : service ͷ㗇㙉͸૊৫ͷ㗇㙉ʹኺ;
    cf. Melvin E. Conway "How Do Committees Invent?" 1968
    

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45. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    Conway ͷ๏ଇ : service ͷ㗇㙉͸૊৫ͷ㗇㙉ʹኺ;
    ૊৫͕㗇㙉 X Λ࣋ͭ => service ͷ㗇㙉͕ X ʹ㖢ෟ͘
    

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46. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    Conway ͷ๏ଇ : service ͷ㗇㙉͸૊৫ͷ㗇㙉ʹኺ;
    ૊৫͕㗇㙉 X Λ࣋ͭ => service ͷ㗇㙉͕ X ʹ㖢ෟ͘
    service ͷ㗇㙉Λ X ʹ͢Δ <= ૊৫ͷ㗇㙉Λ X ʹ͢Δ
    

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47. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    Conway ͷ๏ଇ : service ͷ㗇㙉͸૊৫ͷ㗇㙉ʹኺ;
    ཧ༝ :
    1. team 㕽ͷ communication ͸ team 㚎ͷ communication ΑΓࠔ㐾Ͱ͋Δ
    2. ։ᚙ (dev) ͱ㕑༻ (ops) ͷᴥᴪ
    3. ։ᚙ process ͷதʹᯅΕͨ cost
    

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48. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    Conway ͷ๏ଇ : service ͷ㗇㙉͸૊৫ͷ㗇㙉ʹኺ;
    ཧ༝ :
    1. team ⇭ͷ communication ͸ team ⤨Ƒ communication ΑΓࠔ㐾Ͱ͋Δ
    2. ։ᚙ (dev) ͱ㕑༻ (ops) ͷᴥᴪ
    3. ։ᚙ process ͷதʹᯅΕͨ cost
    ʮservice Λ㒻͚ΔͳΒ team Λ㒻͚Δʯ͸ཧ༝ 1 ʹண໨ͯ͠ΙΔ
    

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49. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    1. team ⇭ͷ communication ͸ team ⤨Ƒ communication ΑΓࠔ㐾Ͱ͋Δ
    service ͷᏓ㒁ʹ͍ͭͯɺ
    • team Λ㒻͚Δͱ team 㚎 communication ͷ cost ͕ݮΔ (path ͕ݮΔ)
    • team Λ㒻͚Δͱ team 㕽 communication ͷ cost ͕⃧͑Δ (亣຺ (context) ͕ڞ༗͞ΕͯΙͳ͍)
    

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50. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    1. team ⇭ͷ communication ͸ team ⤨Ƒ communication ΑΓࠔ㐾Ͱ͋Δ
    service ΛᏓ㒁͢Δࡍͷ team 㕽 communication ʹ͸ɺ
    • service ͷڞ༗ (Ꮣ㒁͕ࣗݾ׬݁͠ͳ͍)
    • ਓͷڞ༗ (݉຿)
    

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51. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    ʮservice Λ㒻͚ΔͳΒ team Λ㒻͚Δʯ͸ɺҎ্ͷ cost ⃧ݮʹ᮫ͯ͠亯㙺ͳͱ͜ΖΛݟෟ͚ͯߦ;
    

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52. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    ʮservice Λ㒻͚ΔͳΒ team Λ㒻͚Δʯ͸ɺҎ্ͷ cost ⃧ݮʹ᮫ͯ͠亯㙺ͳͱ͜ΖΛݟෟ͚ͯߦ;
    Q. 亯㙺?
    

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53. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    ʮservice Λ㒻͚ΔͳΒ team Λ㒻͚Δʯ͸ɺҎ্ͷ cost ⃧ݮʹ᮫ͯ͠亯㙺ͳͱ͜ΖΛݟෟ͚ͯߦ;
    Q. 亯㙺?
    A. service શᱪΛΑ͘ɺૉૣ͘Ꮣ㒁͠᠃͚ΔࣄΛ໨ࢦ͢
    

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54. CVTJOFTTDBQBCJMJUZס㗞
    ʮservice Λ㒻͚ΔͳΒ team Λ㒻͚Δʯ͸ɺҎ্ͷ cost ⃧ݮʹ᮫ͯ͠亯㙺ͳͱ͜ΖΛݟෟ͚ͯߦ;
    Q. 亯㙺?
    A. service શᱪΛΑ͘ɺૉૣ͘Ꮣ㒁͠᠃͚ΔࣄΛ໨ࢦ͢
    ཧ༝ 2 ͷղܾࡦ (SRE (site reliability engneering)) ɺཧ༝ 3 ͷղܾࡦ (CD (៺᠃㙹 delivery / deploy)) ΋ಉᒬʹɺ
    cost ⃧ݮʹ᮫ͯ͠亯㙺ͳͱ͜ΖΛݟෟ͚ͯߦ;
    

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55. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    scaling
    • scale up : ߴ͍ੑೳͷ server Λ㒊; scale down
    • scale out : server ͷᢕᏐΛ⃧΍͢ scale in
    

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56. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    Kubernetes ͷ pod ͩͱɺ
    • scale up : VPA (vertical pod autoscaler)
    • scale out : HPA (horizontal pod autoscaler)
    

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57. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    The scale cube : service Λ scale out ͢Δࡾख๏
    • x ࣠ : ಉ͡ service Λ ಉ͡໾㕴Ͱ deploy ͢Δ (scale out)
    • y ࣠ : 㖇ೳ㑌ʹ service Λ㒻㕴͢Δ (microservice)
    • z ࣠ : ಉ͡ service Λ deploy ͢Δ͕ɺdeploy ͢Δ server 㑌ʹҟͳΔ໾㕴Λ፦͸ͤΔ
    

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58. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    x ࣠ : ಉ͡ service Λ ಉ͡໾㕴Ͱ deploy ͢Δ (scale out)
    

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59. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    y ࣠ : 㖇ೳ㑌ʹ service Λ㒻㕴͢Δ (microservice)
    

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60. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    z ࣠ : ಉ͡ service Λ deploy ͢Δ͕ɺdeploy ͢Δ server 㑌ʹҟͳΔ໾㕴Λ፦͸ͤΔ
    ྫ :
    • batch ႔ཧ༻ server Λผ㙾 deploy ͢Δ
    • gateway Ͱछ㑔㑌ʹ request Λ㒻͚Δ
    • DB Λਨ㙮㒻㕴͢Δ (ਫ㚻㒻㕴͸ x ࣠)
    • DB ͷ read replica Λ㗇㙡͢Δ
    

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61. TDBMBCJMJUZס㗞
    z ࣠ : ಉ͡ service Λ deploy ͢Δ͕ɺdeploy ͢Δ server 㑌ʹҟͳΔ໾㕴Λ፦͸ͤΔ
    

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62. TFDVSJUZס㗞
    㘒ใ security ͷࡾ㛿ૉ
    • C : 㖇ີੑ (confidentiality)
    • I : ׬㙂ੑ (integrity)
    • A : Մ༻ੑ (availability)
    

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63. TFDVSJUZ㖇㳡䓪 DPOEFOUJBMJUZ
    ס㗞
    access ੍ޚ
    • AWS IAM
    • Kubernetes ͷ ServiceRoleɺClusterRole
    • OPA (open policy agent)
    

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64. TFDVSJUZ㱭㙂䓪 JOUFHSJUZ
    ס㗞
    • DB ͷ㒻཭
    • service 㕽㙳৴ͷ㕆ᥒ㕡
    

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65. TFDVSJUZ⺎榫䓪 BWBJMBCJMJUZ
    ס㗞
    ো᛻Λ೾㖎ͤ͞ͳ͍
    • fault tolerance
    • API rate limit
    • circuit braker
    ো᛻͔Β伭෮͢Δ
    • auto healing
    • back pressure
    

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66. NJDSPTFSWJDFDIBTTJT
    .
    

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67. NJDSPTFSWJDFDIBTTJT
    chassis : γϟʔγɻ࿮૊Έ
    ͲΜͳ microservice ʹ΋㛿ΔɺԣᏗ㙹ͳ᮫৺ࣄ (cross cutting concern) Λመ᧋͢Δ
    a.k.a. framework
    

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68. NJDSPTFSWJDFDIBTTJT
    ͲΜͳ microservice ʹ΋㛿ΔɺԣᏗ㙹ͳ᮫৺ࣄ (cross cutting concern) Λመ᧋͢Δ
    ྫ :
    • ઃఆͷ㙦ೖ
    • Մ᧺ଌੑ (observability)
    • health check
    • graceful shutdown
    • error handling
    • debug
    • service discovery
    • service 㕽㚒ᨽɾ㚒Մ
    

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69. NJDSPTFSWJDFDIBTTJT
    ͲΜͳ microservice ʹ΋㛿ΔɺԣᏗ㙹ͳ᮫৺ࣄ (cross cutting concern) Λመ᧋͢Δ
    መ᧋ྫ :
    • Sprint Boot + Spring Cloud
    • nytimes/gizmo
    

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70. ⺎鈴峮䓪 PCTFSWBCJMJUZ
    
    .
    

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71. ⺎鈴峮䓪 PCTFSWBCJMJUZ
    
    service ͷᕝ͍ͨͨ͠ੑ࣭ :
    • Մ᧺ଌੑ (observability) : ᧺ଌ͔Β service ͷ㐫ଶΛਪଌͰ͖Δ
    • Մ੍ޚੑ (controllability) : service Λ㛕Ή㐫ଶʹᏓ㒁Ͱ͖Δ
    • ҆ఆੑ (stability) : service ͷ㐫ଶ͸Ұఆͷൣᅴʹཹ·Δ
    

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72. ⺎鈴峮䓪 PCTFSWBCJMJUZ
    
    Մ᧺ଌੑͷࡾ㚋㖥 :
    • metric (ྫ : Prometheusɺ Mackerel :-))
    • tracing (APM (application performance monitoring)ɺ㒻ࢄ tracing)
    • logging (㗇㙉㕡 logɺहूɺ㒻ੳ)
    

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73. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    .
    

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74. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    service ͸ service ͱ㙳৴͢Δ
    

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75. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    㙳৴͕نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯΙΕ͹ɺ㙳৴࿏͸ந৅Ͱ͖Δ
    

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76. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    㙳৴͕نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯΙΕ͹ɺ㙳৴࿏͸ந৅Ͱ͖Δ
    ઌʹنଇ (protocol) ΛܾΊΔͱɺ㙳৴ઌͷ service Λᔅʹͤͣ։ᚙͰ͖Δ
    

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77. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    ઌʹنଇ (protocol) ΛܾΊΔͱɺ㙳৴ઌͷ service Λᔅʹͤͣ։ᚙͰ͖Δ
    㙳৴ํࣜنଇͷྫ :
    • HTTP
    • message broker (Amazon SQSɺAmazon SNSɺGoogle Cloud Pub/SubɺKafkaɺNATSɺAMQP)
    • GraphQL
    • gRPC
    

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78. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    ઌʹنଇ (protocol) ΛܾΊΔͱɺ㙳৴ઌͷ service Λᔅʹͤͣ։ᚙͰ͖Δ
    㙳৴㚎༰نଇͷྫ :
    • OpenAPI
    • GraphQL
    • gRPC
    

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79. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    ઌʹنଇ (protocol) ΛܾΊΔͱɺ㙳৴ઌͷ service Λᔅʹͤͣ։ᚙͰ͖Δ => schema first
    㙳৴㚎༰نଇͷྫ :
    • OpenAPI
    • GraphQL
    • gRPC
    

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80. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    ઌʹنଇ (protocol) ΛܾΊΔͱɺ㙳৴ઌͷ service Λᔅʹͤͣ։ᚙͰ͖Δ => schema first
    schema first ʹ͢Δͱɺ
    • ։ᚙ㐥㕽ͷ communication cost ͕Լ͕Δ
    • schema Λ㒊ͬͯ test Ͱ͖Δ
    schema ͸㛿ٻ service ͱఏڙ service ͷڞ༗ࢿݯ (ཧ༝ 3 : ڞ༗ࢿݯͳͷͰ CD (៺᠃㙹 delivery) ͢Δͷ͕㛕·͍͠)
    

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81. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    㙳৴͕نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯΙΕ͹ɺ㙳৴࿏͸ந৅Ͱ͖Δ
    

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82. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    㙳৴͕نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯΙΕ͹ɺ㙳৴࿏͸ந৅Ͱ͖Δ
    container (ྫ : containerd) ͱ orchestrator (ྫ : Kubernetes) ͸ɺ႔ཧ㕹ڥ (service 㕹ڥ : ops) ͔Β႔ཧ㚎༰ (service 㚎
    ༰ : dev) Λந৅ͨ͠
    ͔͠͠㙳৴㕹ڥ (service 㕽㕹ڥ) ͔Β㙳৴㚎༰ (service 㕽㚎༰) ͷந৅ (ྫ : Kubernetes' sevice) ͸ෆॆ㒻
    

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83. TFSWJDF㕽㙳⟓
    㙳৴͕نଇ (protocol) ʹኺͬͯΙΕ͹ɺ㙳৴࿏͸ந৅Ͱ͖Δ
    container (ྫ : containerd) ͱ orchestrator (ྫ : Kubernetes) ͸ɺ႔ཧ㕹ڥ (service 㕹ڥ : ops) ͔Β႔ཧ㚎༰ (service 㚎
    ༰ : dev) Λந৅ͨ͠
    ͔͠͠㙳৴㕹ڥ (service 㕽㕹ڥ) ͔Β㙳৴㚎༰ (service 㕽㚎༰) ͷந৅ (ྫ : Kubernetes' sevice) ͸ෆॆ㒻 => service
    mesh
    

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84. TFSWJDFNFTI
    service ͸ଞͷ service ͱ㙮઀㙳৴͠ͳ͍ɻ㕽ʹ proxy ͕ೖΓɺproxy ͕㙳৴Λ᧺ଌɾ੍ޚ͢Δ
    㖇ೳͷྫ :
    • ၊૝ service
    • load balancing
    • timeoutɺretry
    • health checkɺcircuit braker
    • fault injection
    • 㕆ᥒ㕡ɺ㚒ᨽ
    • deploy ؅ཧ (A/B testingɺcanary releaseɺrollout (linearɺB/G (Blue/Green)))
    •
    

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85. TFSWJDFNFTI
    service ͸ଞͷ service ͱ㙮઀㙳৴͠ͳ͍ɻ㕽ʹ proxy ͕ೖΓɺproxy ͕㙳৴Λ᧺ଌɾ੍ޚ͢Δ
    • data plane : proxy ͷಇ͖
    • control plane : proxy Λ᧺ଌɾ੍ޚ͢Δ
    

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86. TFSWJDFNFTI
    service ͸ଞͷ service ͱ㙮઀㙳৴͠ͳ͍ɻ㕽ʹ proxy ͕ೖΓɺproxy ͕㙳৴Λ᧺ଌɾ੍ޚ͢Δ
    Q. proxy ࣗᱪ͸ container Ͱಈ͘ඞ㛿͕͋Γ·͔͢?
    

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87. TFSWJDFNFTI
    service ͸ଞͷ service ͱ㙮઀㙳৴͠ͳ͍ɻ㕽ʹ proxy ͕ೖΓɺproxy ͕㙳৴Λ᧺ଌɾ੍ޚ͢Δ
    Q. proxy ࣗᱪ͸ container Ͱಈ͘ඞ㛿͕͋Γ·͔͢?
    A. ͍͍͑ɻመࡍͷ network 㖇ೳ΍ topology Λந৅͠౷Ұ㙹ʹ᧺ଌɾ੍ޚͰ͖Ε͹ཧ࿦্͸ɺΑΓ native ͳ
    software ΍ kernel ΍ bare metal Ͱመ᧋͢Δࣄ΋ՄೳͰ͢ɻSDN (software defined networking) ͸ͦͷࢼΈͱ΋
    ݴ΁·͢
    

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88. TFSWJDFNFTI
    መ᧋ྫ :
    • Istio
    • Consul Connect (on Nomad)
    • Linkerd
    

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89. TFSWJDFNFTI
    መ᧋ྫ :
    • Istio • Consul Connect
    • Linkerd
    

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90. *TUJP
    • data plane : Envoy proxy
    • control plane : istiod
    

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91. *TUJP
    control plane ͷಇ͖
    • data plane Λ㗇㙡͢Δ : sidecar injection
    • data plane Λઃఆ͢Δ : Envoy ͷઃఆΛ࡞Γɺઃఆ͢Δ
    • data plane ͔Βͷ໰ͻ߹͸ͤʹ౴΁Δ : ઃఆʹදͤͳ͍ Envoy ͷ੍ޚ
    • data plane Λ᧺ଌ͢Δ : Մ᧺ଌੑ (observability)
    

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92. *TUJP
    • data plane Λ㗇㙡͢Δ : sidecar injection
    

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93. *TUJP
    • data plane Λઃఆ͢Δ : Envoy ͷઃఆΛ࡞Γɺઃఆ͢Δ
    • data plane ͔Βͷ໰ͻ߹͸ͤʹ౴΁Δ : ઃఆʹදͤͳ͍ Envoy ͷ੍ޚ
    

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94. *TUJP
    • data plane Λ᧺ଌ͢Δ : Մ᧺ଌੑ (observability)
    

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95. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼
    .
    

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96. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼
    microservice ͸ଞͷ microservice ʹґଘ͢Δ
    [microservice]

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97. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼
    software = data + ႔ཧ
    data ͷ㕅ͻ͸ read ͱ write ʹ㒻͚ΒΕΔ (cf. CQRS (command query ੹຿㒻཭))
    • read : [microservice] • write : [microservice]

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98. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼SFBE
    read : [microservice] • API composition
    • materialized view
    • ڞ༗ DB
    

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99. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼SFBE
    API composition
    ଞͷ service ͔ΒɺAPI Λ㙳ͯ͠ data Λऔಘ͠ɺ૊Έ߹͸ͤͯ㒊;
    ΄ͱΜͲͷ৔߹ʹ㙺͢Δ
    

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100. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼SFBE
     API composition
     ࣅͨख๏ :
     • API gateway : API composition Λߦ;ሢ༻ͷ microservice
     • BFF (backend for frontend) : ಛఆͷ frontend ޲͚ͷ API gateway
     

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101. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼SFBE
     materialized view
     ᩇΈऔΓሢ༻ͷ view Λ࡞Δ
     ʮmicroserviceʯಉ࢜͸ີ݁߹ɻಉ͡ team ͕ᩇΈ / 㘃͖ၷํͷ microservice Λ㘂༗͢ΔͳΒ㓂ར
     

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102. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼SFBE
     ڞ༗ DB
     data ͕อଘ͞ΕͯΙΔ DB ʹ㙮઀ᩇΈग़͠ʹΏ͘
     DB ͸㚎ᢒɻ㚎ᢒ͔Β㙮઀㘗ࣄΛᢛ΁Δ΍͏ͳ΋ͷɻ͋ΒΏΔࠔ㐾Λ᧷ޛͯ͠㗘༻͠Α͏
     

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103. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     write : [microservice] • event sourcing
     • TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     • saga
     • ڞ༗ DB
     

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104. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     event sourcing
     㐫ଶΛᏓ㒁 event ͷूੵͱͯ͠ද͸͢ɻmessage broker ͷՄ༻ੑ͕ߴ͚Ε͹ɺ֤ service ͷো᛻ʹӨ伖͞Εʹ
     ͍͘
     

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105. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     a.k.a. ೋ૬ commit
     Ұൠ㙹ʹ͸ DBMS (database management system) ʹෟሱ͢Δ transaction 㖇ೳΛ㒊;͕ɺͦΕʹݶΒͳ͍
     Մ༻ੑʹ㐾͋Γ
     

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106. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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107. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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108. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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109. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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110. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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111. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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112. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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113. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     TCC (try-confirm / cancel)
     ΍ͬͯΈͯɺΈΜͳΑ͚Ε͹อଘɺ୭͔ବ໨ͳΒ cancel
     

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114. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     saga
     ׬݁ͨ͠ transaction Λ૊Έ߹͸ͤͯෳᏐͷ DB ΛᏓ㒁͢Δ
     transaction ͕ࣦഊͨ͠Βɺ㖅ʹመߦͨ͠ transaction Λଧͪ㘌͢ิঈ transaction Λመߦͯ͠ rollback ͢Δɻิ
     ঈ transaction ͸֬መʹመߦͰ͖Δᗣɺႈ౳ʹ͠ retry ՄೳͰͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
     

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115. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     saga
     ׬݁ͨ͠ transaction Λ૊Έ߹͸ͤͯෳᏐͷ DB ΛᏓ㒁͢Δ
     • choreography based saga
     • orchestration based saga
     

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116. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     choreography based saga
     ֤ service ͕ࣗ཯㙹ʹ message Λ΍ΓऔΓͯ͠ɺ݁Ռ㙹ʹ㙂ᱪͷ㒁৽͕ඇಉ㖆ʹߦ͸ΕΔ
     

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117. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     choreography based saga
     ࣦഊͨ͠Βิঈ transaction Λٯၚ೻͢Δ
     

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118. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     choreography based saga
     ࣦഊͨ͠Βิঈ transaction Λٯၚ೻͢Δ
     

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119. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     orchestration based saga
     saga ͷ㙂㕥㙸Λ҃Δ service ͕ಉ㖆㙹ʹ؂ಜ͢Δ
     TCC ͱ΄΅ಉ͡
     

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120. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     orchestration based saga
     ࣦഊͨ͠Βิঈ transaction Λመߦ͢Δ
     

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121. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     orchestration based saga
     ࣦഊͨ͠Βิঈ transaction Λመߦ͢Δ
     

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122. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼XSJUF
     ڞ༗ DB
     ಉ͡ DB ΛᩇΈ㘃͖͢Δ
     DB ͸㚎ᢒɻ㚎ᢒΛڞ༗͢Δ΍͏ͳ΋ͷɻ᧷ޛ͸͍͍͔?
     

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123. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼
     CAP ఆཧ : ҎԼͷࡾᑍ݅Λಉ࣌ʹ׬શʹ㙘㘫Ͱ͖ͳ͍
     • Ұ؏ੑ (consistency)
     • Մ༻ੑ (availability)
     • network 㒻Ꮧ଱ੑ (partition tolerance)
     

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124. 㒻丆EBUB畘杼
     CAP ఆཧ : ҎԼͷࡾᑍ݅Λಉ࣌ʹ׬શʹ㙘㘫Ͱ͖ͳ͍
     • Ұ؏ੑ (consistency)
     • Մ༻ੑ (availability)
     • network 㒻Ꮧ଱ੑ (partition tolerance)
     BASE : ෦෼తʹͰ͋Ε͹ CAP ͸ಉ࣌ʹ㙘㘫Ͱ͖Δ ( ACID (ݪࢠੑ (atomicity)ɺҰ؏ੑ (consistemcy)ɺᘐཱੑ (isolation)ɺӬ᠃
     ੑ (durability)))
     • Basically Available
     • Soft-state
     • ݁Ռ੔߹ੑ (Eventually consistent)
     

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125. NJDSPGSPOUFOE
     .
     

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126. NJDSPGSPOUFOE
     microservice Λ։ᚙ͢Δ team ͕ɺ֘ᙛ͢Δ frontend ΋։ᚙ͢Δ
     ͍҃͸ business capability ʹԊͬͯ frontend ͚ͩ㒻㕴ͯ͠͠·; < microservice Ͱߦͬͨͷͱಉٞ͡࿦
     

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127. NJDSPGSPOUFOE
     㒻㕴ख๏ :
     • page 㙂ᱪΛఏڙ͢Δ (route-based code splitting)
     • component Λఏڙ͢Δ (ྫ : React componentɺCSS in JSɺCSS Module)
     • error ͸ด͡㗓ΊΔ
     

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128. NJDSPGSPOUFOE㕽㙳⟓
     • frontend ಉ࢜͸㙳৴ͤͣɺbackend Λհ͢Δ
     • URL ͷ query string Λհ͢Δɻpage ͕㒻͔ΕͯΙΔͳΒ༗༻
     • property Λհͯ͠౉͢ (ྫ : React propertyɺDOM attribute)
     • event emitter
     • 㐫ଶΛڞ༗͢Δ (ڞ༗ DB ͱಉ͡ࠔ㐾Λ᧷ޛ͢Δ) (ྫ : Redux Λڞ༗)
     

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129. NJDSPGSPOUFOE
     㒻㕴ͨ͠΋ͷΛ഑৴͢Δख๏ :
     • 㙂͘ҟͳΔ Web site ͱͯ͠㗇㙡͢Δ
     • bundling (ྫ : Webpack)
     • backend Ͱ૊Έ߹͸ͤΔ (ྫ : SSI (server-side includes)ɺESI (edge-side includes))
     • lazy load (ྫ : loadable-componentsɺdynamic import)
     

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130. NJDSPGSPOUFOE
     backend ։ᚙͱ frontend ։ᚙͰҟͳΔ㒻㕴Λߦ;ͳΒɺ
     => BFF (backend for frontend) : ಛఆͷ frontend ޲͚ͷ API gateway
     

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131. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     .
     

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132. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     release Λࡾͭʹ㒻͚Δ : build + deploy + release
     

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133. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     release Λࡾͭʹ㒻͚Δ : build + deploy + release
     • canary release
     • B/G (Blue/Green) deloyment
     • feature toggle
     

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134. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     canary release
     Ұ෦ͷ user ʹઌߦͯ͠ release ͢Δ
     

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135. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     B/G (Blue/Green) deployment
     ৽ᢜၷํΛڞʹ deploy ͔ͯ͠Β release Λ੾Γସ΁Δ
     

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136. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     feature toggle
     deploy ͢ΕͲ΋ release ͤͣ
     

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137. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     㒻ࢄ system Ͱ͸೗ԿͳΔ release खॱͰ΋ɺ2 version ͕ᝀཱ͠͏Δ
     

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138. NJDSPTFSWJDFסSFMFBTF
     㒻ࢄ system Ͱ͸೗ԿͳΔ release खॱͰ΋ɺ2 version ͕ᝀཱ͠͏Δ
     ሣࡦ :
     • ޙํޓ׵ੑΛอͭ
     • API versioning ʹͯ৽ API Λᢜ client ͔Β੾Γ཭͢
     • error budget ΛఆΊɺerror Λڐ༰͢Δ
     • fronend ౳ cache ͷڧ੍ purge Λመ᧋͢Δ
     

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139. ׷זיײ׷ֹסؤ٭ػ٭մ㡎״ױ׌
     נ٭
     

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140. ׷זיײ׷ֹ*TUJP㚊⪌
     • istioctl Λ install ͠·ͤ͏
     • istioctl install !"set profile=demo !"context hatena-intern-2021
     • kubectl label namespace hatena-intern-2021 istio-injection=enabled
     • kubectl get namespace hatena-intern-2021 -o yaml Ͱ istio-injection ͕ enabled ʹ
     ͳͬͯΙΔ͜ͱΛ֬㚒͠·͢
     

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141. ׷זיײ׷ֹ*TUJP㚊⪌
     • kubectl apply -f https:!"raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.7/
     samples/addons/kiali.yaml Ͱ Kiali Λ㚊ೖ͠·͢
     • kubectl apply -f https:!"raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.7/
     samples/addons/prometheus.yaml Ͱ Prometheus Λ㚊ೖ͠·͢
     • application Λ九㖈ಈ͠·ͤ͏
     • istioctl dashboard kiali Ͱ㐫ଶΛ֬㚒͠·ͤ͏
     • sign in ͸ admin:admin
     

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142. ,JBMJ
     

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143. ׷זיײ׷ֹGBVMUJOKFDUJPO
     ಛఆͷ㖇ೳʹ㕇ᅷ㙹ʹނোΛᚙੜͤͯ͞Ө伖ൣᅴΛ㙭΂·͢
     • Injecting an HTTP abort fault Λࢀ㒅ʹɺrenderer service Λམͱͯ͠Έ·ͤ͏ (503 Service Temporarily
     Unavailable)ɻهࣄΛӾཡɾ࡞㘫ɾ㒁৽Ͱ͖Δ͔֬㚒͠·ͤ͏ɻfault %age ΛԼ͛ͨͱ͖ͷᎮಈΛ֬㚒͠·
     ͤ͏
     • Kiali Ͱ application ͷ㐫ଶΛ֬㚒͠·ͤ͏
     • blog service ͷ error message Λ֬㚒͠·ͤ͏ɻ·ͨ istio-proxy ͷ log ͔Β "authority":
     "renderer-go:50051" Λ୳͠ɺresponse_flags ͷ㙟Λ֬㚒͠·ͤ͏
     

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144. ׷זיײ׷ֹGBVMUJOKFDUJPO
     • renderer service Λɺਖ਼ৗʹಈ࡞͢Δ͕ɺresponse ͕ 5 ඵᬌΕΔ㐫ଶʹ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞
     • Kiali Ͱ application ͷ㐫ଶΛ֬㚒͠·ͤ͏
     • istio-proxy ͷ log ͷ response_flags Λ֬㚒͠·ͤ͏
     • kubectl delete virtualservices.networking.istio.io [໊㙁] Ͱ fault injection Λղআ͠·
     ͤ͏
     

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145. 㒁מ㱃שמע
     CloudNative
     • CNCF Cloud Native Interactive Landscape
     • The Amazon Builders' Library
     microservice
     • microservice - .ŇoO(ͬͪ͞ΌΜͰ͢Αʌ(ʏl _ l)ůƄ ˑ)
     • Sam NewmanʮϚΠΫϩαʔϏεΞʔΩςΫνϟʯ2016
     • Susan J. FowlerʮϓϩμΫγϣϯϨσΟϚΠΫϩαʔϏεԽʯ2017
     • Neal Ford, Rebecca Parsons, Patrick KuaʮਐԽతΞʔΩςΫνϟʯ2018
     • Sam NewmanʮϞϊϦε͔ΒϚΠΫϩαʔϏε΁ʯ2020
     

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