A comparative review of microservice frameworks

In this session we will compare some of the most popular Microservice frameworks in the Java ecosystem like SpringBoot, Quarkus, Eclipse MicroProfile, and more. We will give an overview and jumpstart for each framework. Next to this we will answer questions like:

Which features do provide all of them, what are their unique selling points?
How do I start writing microservices with the different frameworks?
Which technology stack do the different frameworks use?
How do they perform in regards to startup time, and responding with different response sizes?
How large are the resulting application containers in Docker?

Transcript

1. View Slide

2. A comparative review of microservice frameworks
   

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3. This is a very very very long gag
   @hendrikEbbers
   Hendrik
   • Karakun Co-Founder
   • Founder of JUG Dortmund
   • JSR EG member
   • JavaOne Rockstar, Java Champion
   • AdoptOpenJDK TSC member
   

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4. This is a very very very long gag
   @kthoms
   Karsten
   • Open Source Enthusiast
   • Committer on several Eclipse
   projects
   • Contributor on many more
   • Speaker
   

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5. This is a very very very long gag
   @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
   Content
   • About Microservices
   • Spring Boot, Quarkus, Micronaut, Eclipse Microprofile
   • Additional Frameworks
   • Docker support
   • Conclusion
   

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6. About Microservices
   

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7. This is a very very very long gag
   @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
   Microservices
   REST SQL
   Microservice
   

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8. This is a very very very long gag
   • Microservice architecture does not depend on Java
   • You can create Microservice in any language you want
   • We concentrate on Java today
   @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
   Microservices
   Ok, maybe not in COBOL
   

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9. This is a very very very long gag
   • Microservice architecture does not depend on Java
   • You can create Microservice in any language you want
   • We concentrate on Java today
   @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
   Microservices
   Ok, maybe not in COBOL
   Lesson 1 :
   do not underestimate
   the power of the
   Internet
   

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10. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Microservices
    • Easy to learn and start with
    • Stable API
    • Active community
    • Active maintainers
    • LTS versions
    

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11. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Microservices
    • Small memory footprint
    • Deployable as container
    • Fast to serve request
    • Start-up time
    • Stateless & scaleable
    

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12. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Microservices
    • REST endpoints
    • Messaging & events
    • Provide & store data
    • Call Functions (e.g. map-reduce)
    • Security (SSO)
    • JSON support
    

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15. "Crafted from best-of-breed libs and standards with
    GraalVM support from ground up"
    

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16. "Standard based framework backed by multiple
    vendors with much more flexibility than Jakarta EE"
    

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17. "Mature and leading microservices framework with
    maybe the biggest community and ecosystem"
    

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18. "Non-blocking, reactive framework for microservices
    and serverless functions with GraalVM support"
    

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19. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Initializer
    • Project Coordinates
    • Framework Version
    • Java Version
    • Build System
    • Extensions
    

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20. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Releases - Spring Boot
    2018 2019 2020
    2.3.X
    Preview Releases
    Releases
    2.2.X
    2.4.X
    2.1.X
    2.0.X
    1.5.X
    

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21. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Releases - Eclipse MicroProfile
    2018 2019 2020
    1.4
    Preview Releases
    Releases
    2.0
    2.1
    2.2
    3.0
    3.1
    3.2
    3.3
    4.0
    Switch to JavaEE 8
    Switch to Jakarta EE 8
    

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22. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Releases - Micronaut
    2018 2019 2020
    1.0.x
    1.1.x
    1.2.x
    1.3.x
    2.0.x
    Preview Releases
    Releases
    

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23. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Releases - Quarkus
    2018 2019 2020
    Preview Releases
    Releases
    1.0
    0.1 - 0.28
    1.1
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4
    1.5
    1.6
    1.7
    1.8
    

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24. This is a very very very long gag
    public class MovieResource {
    public Movie getMovie( Long id) {
    //...
    }
    }
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    REST Endpoint
    Produce JSON by
    default
    

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25. This is a very very very long gag
    public class MovieResource {
    public Movie getMovie( Long id) {
    //...
    }
    }
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    REST Endpoint
    @Path("/movies")
    @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
    @GET
    @Path("/{id}")
    @PathParam("id")
    JAX-RS (quarkus &
    Microprofile)
    Karsten
    

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26. This is a very very very long gag
    public class MovieResource {
    public Movie getMovie( Long id) {
    //...
    }
    }
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    REST Endpoint
    @RestController
    @GetMapping("/movies")
    @RequestParam("id")
    Spring
    

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27. This is a very very very long gag
    public class MovieResource {
    public
    }
    }
    @Controller("/movies")
    @Get("/{id}")
    Single> getMovie (
    @PathVariable Long id) { //...
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    REST Endpoint
    Micronaut
    RxJava 2
    

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28. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    DB Access
    @ApplicationScoped
    public class MovieRepository implements PanacheRepository {
    public MovieEntity findByName(String name) {
    return find("name", name).firstResult();
    }
    }
    Quarkus
    Repository Pattern
    

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29. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    DB Access
    @Repository
    public interface MovieRepository extends CrudRepository {
    Optional findOptionalByName(String name);
    }
    Spring
    

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30. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    DB Access
    @JdbcRepository(dialect = Dialect.H2)
    public interface MovieRepository extends CrudRepository {
    Optional findByName(String name);
    }
    Micronaut
    

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31. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    DB Access
    @ApplicationScoped
    public class MovieRepository {
    @Inject
    EntityManager manager;
    public Optional findByName(String name) {
    return manager.createNamedQuery("MovieEntity.byName", MovieEntity.class)
    .setParameter("name", name)
    .getResultList()
    .findAny();
    }
    }
    Microprofile
    

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32. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Additional Frameworks
    • Vert.x
    • Dropwizard
    • Spark
    • Helidon
    • Apache CXF
    • Jersey
    • RESTEasy
    • ...
    There is no concrete definition
    what a microservice must contain...
    It do not even need to
    contain HTTP - Think about
    an event based system
    

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33. Docker Container
    

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34. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    FROM adoptopenjdk/openjdk11:jdk-11.0.8_10-ubuntu-slim
    COPY target/demo-*.jar demo.jar
    EXPOSE 8080
    CMD ["java","-jar", "demo.jar"]
    Linux
    JVM
    Application
    Ubuntu + JVM as Base
    Our application
    Run !
    

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35. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    $ docker build . -t my-image
    $ docker run -p 8080:8080 my-image
    Linux
    JVM
    Application
    Build the Image with
    the actual JAR
    Start the container
    

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36. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    CREATED COMMAND SIZE
    2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["java" "-jar"… 0B
    2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:4e18e9cc0f417bc6… 16.5MB
    11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/app 0B
    11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ARG JAR_FILE=target/demo-… 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["jshell"] 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/o… 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; ARCH="$(dpkg --prin… 254MB
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY multi:18d710993714a6c… 16.7kB
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_VERSION=jdk-11.0… 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get ins… 35.7MB
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANG… 0B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do… 7B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ] 0B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /… 745B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84f8ddc4d76e1e867… 63.2MB
    

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37. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    CREATED COMMAND SIZE
    2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["java" "-jar"… 0B
    2 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:4e18e9cc0f417bc6… 16.5MB
    11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/app 0B
    11 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ARG JAR_FILE=target/demo-… 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["jshell"] 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/o… 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; ARCH="$(dpkg --prin… 254MB
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY multi:18d710993714a6c… 16.7kB
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_VERSION=jdk-11.0… 0B
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get ins… 35.7MB
    4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANG… 0B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'do… 7B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c [ -z "$(apt-get indextargets)" ] 0B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /… 745B
    5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84f8ddc4d76e1e867… 63.2MB
    

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38. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    CREATED COMMAND SIZE
    2 minutes ago Microservice & Framework 16.5MB
    4 days ago JDK 11 254MB
    4 days ago Some Linux updates & tools 35.7MB
    5 days ago Linux basic layer 63.2MB
    

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39. This is a very very very long gag
    CREATED COMMAND SIZE
    2 minutes ago Microservice & Framework 16.5MB
    4 days ago JDK 11 254MB
    4 days ago Some Linux updates & tools 35.7MB
    5 days ago Linux basic layer 63.2MB
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    

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40. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    Application
    (13 MB)
    Linux (100 MB)
    JVM (250 MB)
    Application
    (16 MB)
    Application
    (10 MB)
    

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41. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container - GraalVM
    • Micronaut and Quarkus offer GraalVM
    support OOTB
    • By using GraalVM the app can be compiled
    to a native executable
    • While the compilation takes much longer
    the outcome is much smaller
    

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42. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container - GraalVM
    Linux
    (100 MB)
    Native application
    (30 MB)
    No JDK since we
    compiled the app
    0.3 s
    108 s
    Compile
    Start
    

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43. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container - MicroProfile
    • Eclipse MicroProfile is special since it
    needs an application server
    • Application server is an additional layer
    between JVM and application
    • Application layer is much smaller
    App Server
    (230 MB)
    JDK
    (250 MB)
    Linux
    (100 MB)
    Application
    (10 KB)
    

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44. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    $ docker run
    16.2 s
    8.6 s
    3.8 s
    2.3 s
    ( )
    2.0 s
    1.9 s
    0.3 s
    

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45. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Build Times
    $ docker build
    108 s
    35.7 s
    15.4 s
    10.3 s
    8.5 s
    8.0 s
    6.3 s
    ( )
    

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46. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container - jlink
    • jlink enables to create JVMs
    tailored to a specific application
    • This allows to create much smaller
    images as base for applications
    Application
    (47 MB)
    jlink based JVM
    (55 MB)
    Alpine Linux
    (10 MB)
    

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47. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Docker Container
    • You need to decide what is most important for you:
    • images size
    • image layer size
    • build time
    • start time
    • [memory footprint]
    

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48. Advanced features of
    Microservices
    

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49. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Advanced Features
    • Tracing & monitoring
    • Configuration & cloud configuration
    • Service discovery
    • Support for serverless functions
    • Reactive APIs
    • Authentication strategies
    

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50. Conclusion
    

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52. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Comparison (1/3)
    SpringBoot MicroProfile Micronaut Quarkus
    License Apache 2 Apache 2 Apache 2 Apache 2
    Owner Pivotal Eclipse Foundation Object Computing Red Hat
    Since 2013 2016 2018 2018
    Release Cadence (Months) 1 4 1 1
    Maintenance Releases
    Committers ++ + +
    .
    

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53. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Comparison (2/3)
    SpringBoot MicroProfile Micronaut Quarkus
    REST API Spring-Web JAX-RS Own JAX-RS
    SQL API Pivotal Eclipse Foundation Object Computing Red Hat
    Dependency Injection Spring-Beans CDI
    Micronaut IoC
    + JSR 330
    CDI 2.0*
    Security API Spring-Security Jakarta EE Security
    Micronaut Security
    + JSR 250
    Open ID
    HTTP Infrastructure Tomcat various Netty Vert.x / Netty
    Java Version 8, 11 - 15 8, (11) 8 - 14 8, 11 - 14
    

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54. This is a very very very long gag
    @hendrikEbbers @kthoms
    Comparison (3/3)
    SpringBoot MicroProfile Micronaut Quarkus
    Container Support
    Graal VM
    Image Size
    Application Layer Size
    Startup Time
    Build Time
    +
    -
    . . .
    . . .
    +
    +
    JVM:
    . . -
    GraalVM:
    + + - + +
    + -
    - + + - - - -
    +
    .
    JVM: GraalVM:
    +
    

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