Marianna Cavada - Liveable Cities

Transcript

1. A case for a Smarter Birmingham Marianna Cavada
2. Cities develop in a fast pace… International Urban Development: Cases from the UAE and China. Dubai construction (M Cavada 2009) Abu Dhabi Development (M Cavada 2010) Development in Kunming, China (M Cavada 2011)
3. Contemporary city living creates challenges With negative effects on: • Energy • Natural capital • Health and Well-being
4. There is evidence of city innovation Solutions should be engineered to maximise benefits and minimise risk: • Full problem definition, include understanding of context • Formulate solutions by the application of ingenuity • Develop appropriate business models & align governance • Testing the solutions and business models Yinchuan –smart city, Ninxia, China (M .Cavada 2015) Recycling, Kunming, China(M. Cavada 2010) Green supermarket, Shanghai, China (M. Cavada 2013) Rogers, CDF (2018), 'Engineering future liveable, resilient, sustainable cities using foresight' Institution of Civil Engineers. Proceedings. Civil Engineering, vol. 171, no. 2, jcien2018.17.00031, pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1680/jcien.17.00031
5. Future Cities & Infrastructure Engineering research “researchers are helping think about how to design the cities of the future” Research Lead: Professor Chris Rogers CDF www.birmingham.ac.uk/university/colleges/eps/research/resilience-energy/future-cities.aspx Research that : • considers the city as an entity.. • understand its systems and its interdependencies • monitor the infrastructure using sensor technologies
6. Liveable cities EPSRC EP/J017698/1 Ambition To create an holistic, integrated, truly multi-disciplinary city analysis methodology and deliver realistic and radical engineering solutions necessary to achieve our vision. Vision To transform the engineering of cities to deliver global and societal wellbeing within the context of low carbon living and resource security through the concept of an alternative future. : Liveable Cities: Transforming the Engineering of Cities www.liveablecities.org.uk
7. Can be found at: http://liveablecities.org.uk/ • City Analysis- view cities through the liveability lenses • Well being-understand our cities aspirations • Energy- use, emissions, growth impact of cities • Policy, Governance, & Economics- re-engineering for policy-making and emerging economies • Future visions – a mechanism for change Liveable Cities Research Themes
8. http://liveablecities.org.uk/outcomes/suite-tools-city-process-engineering Liveable Cities A Suite of Tools for City Process Engineering Tool #1 - Liveable Cities Method Tool Tool #2 - UK City Life Tool Tool #3 - Capturing City Dweller Aspirations Tool Tool #4 - The Aspirational Futures Tool Tool #5 - DUSMoT - Designing Urban Systems Modelling Tool Tool #6 - SMART - Smart Model Assessment Resilient Tool Tool #7 - EATS: the Environmental Assessment Tool for School meals Tool #8 - Building Energy Efficiency Tool Tool #9 - Energy Performance Certificate Parser Tool Tool #10 - Rooftop Solar System Assessment Tool Tool #11 - Building Height Estimation Tool Tool #12 - 5-Cities Model Tool - Urban Principles Evaluation Tool Tool #13 - LC Future Visioning Tool
9. Can be found at: http://liveablecities.org.uk/outcomes/little-book-series Liveable Cities ‘Little Books’ series
10. Smart cities Literature Step 1: Smart City assessment tools Step 3: Smart City Exemplars Step 2: Smart City themes Step 1: City themes Cavada, et al., 2014 … we are not sure what we mean by smart (tech?) … smart definitions are unclear … cities are unique urban contexts / their visions vary … there are opposing methodologies
11. Smarter Cities PhD research when initiatives deliver benefits (direct and indirect impacts) for well-being in cities where the impact is felt across different scales in society PhD Supervisors: Prof. Chris Rogers, Prof. Miles Tight, Dr Dexter Hunt Cavada, M. 2019 Smart cities are truly smart (smarter) only if they are liveable:
12. SMART Case Studies Birmingham Document Analysis of Initiatives City LIFE Lenses London Copenhagen Singapore Smarter Cities Methodology Cavada, M. 2019 Smart Model Assessment Resilient Tool
13. Cavada, M. 2019 the SMART is a two strand tool to support decision making for smarter cities Allows for …economic implications additions …additions to enhance public participation Strand 4 Cost Benefit Analysis CBA Birmingham Document Analysis of Initiatives City LIFE Strand 1 Strand 2 Local Experts’ Opinions Lenses SMART Strand 3 Public Participation
14. Strand 1 Cavada, M. 2019 SMART Strand 1
15. 36.4 5.9 10.9 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 Birmingham 39 London 49 Copenhagen 59 Singapore 52 Initiatives per head of million population Smart Cities – number of initiatives Cavada, M. 2019 Birmingham has: the lowest number of initiatives (39) the highest percentage of initiatives/million population • The number of initiatives does not equal a liveable smart city • Number of initiatives should be in accordance with population number • Initiatives should impact the citizenry as a whole
16. 75 95 199 64 119 98 36 61 194 193 235 125 0 50 100 150 200 250 BIRMINGHAM 39 LONDON 49 COPENHAGEN 59 SINGAPORE 52 Number of Direct and Indirect Impacts Benefits of Initiatives: Direct Indirect Total Benefits of truly Smart cities Cavada, M. 2019 Birmingham showed: • similar total impact to London • lower direct impact (primary benefit) of initiatives • higher indirect impact (not a primary benefit) to London • Copenhagen has the highest direct impact • Singapore has the lowest benefits…is it truly smart?...Elsevier book chapter in press
17. 74 71 74 69 66 61 106 27 23 46 40 12 31 15 15 17 194 193 235 125 0 50 100 150 200 250 Birmingham 39 London 46 Copenhagen 59 Singapore 52 Number of Impacted Actions Society Environment Economy & Finance Governance & Policy Total Smart Impacted Actions Cavada, M. 2019 In terms of impacted Actions, Birmingham has: • highest number in the society lens • lowest in economy & finance • higher to London in environment Impacted Actions in Environment: • Copenhagen has the highest number • Singapore has the lowest number Truly Smart Birmingham: • Implement initiatives across all Actions (four Lenses) for a holistic approach to smartness • Support Actions that show a low impact (economy-governance) • Implement smarter vision agenda not focused on a short-term political agenda
18. Some of the S2 findings are summarised in the following points: I. Balanced approach to Actions according to all Lenses. II. Resources : Consider initiatives that support how resources (energy, water, waste, food) are governed (circular approach); resource issues are highly interdependent. III. Environmental Lens : Adopt initiatives to support lower carbon emissions. IV. Individuals: greater consideration for their needs and wants, via closer engagement with the public, potentially through the existing collaboration centre. V. Digital divide: Initiatives should be designed to bridge the digital divide, a fairer agenda should adopt solutions for the low digitally-skilled population. Smarter Birmingham Strand 2 Cavada, M. 2019
19. BGC Birmingham Green Commission (2013) Birmingham’s Green Commission Building a Green City. Birmingham City Council. Making Birmingham Green Birmingham’s vision to become a ‘21st century leading green city’(BGC, 2013) : “BCC Strategic Placement for Cities Impact – Monitoring Birmingham's metabolism as it 'goes for gold' in 2022”. Carbon Roadmap Themes (aims for 2027): • Catalysing Green Growth & Behaviour • Buildings & Efficiency • Energy & Resources • Transport & Mobility • Natural Capital & Adaptation Impact Acceleration Fund EPSRC
20. Impact Acceleration Fund EPSRC “BCC Strategic Placement for Cities Impact – Monitoring Birmingham's metabolism as it 'goes for gold' in 2022”. BGC Birmingham Green Commission (2013) Leading Green City better for business, propserous, healthier, fairer Birmingham City Council. Making Birmingham Green Green Infrastructure Corridors (GIC): -An evidence based approach for aspiration to support GIC, where the Commonwealth Games XXII as a testbed and their legacy for the city of Birmingham. -Mapping benefits, value, governance and recommendations for change for Birmingham City Council. -Implement smart and liveable solutions to enhance a better quality of life and support new business models.
21. ‘Future Cities’ UKCRIC Urban Observatories A network of ‘urban laboratories’ for rapid trialling of solutions at scale and gathering/curating large volumes of diverse data about current and proposed infrastructure so as to allow policies, regulation, systems and capital investments to be made on the basis of evidence, analysis and innovation. http://uoweb1.ncl.ac.uk/ www.ukcric.com
22. Smart Networked Environments: https://www.smartne.com/uob Interactive Totems Managing the Platform (admin functions) Informing user of maintenance works and infrastructure issues ​ Location based technologies on campus
24. Marianna Cavada Research Fellow EPSRC Strategic Placement Fund Birmingham City Council Strategic Placement for Cities Impact Monitoring Birmingham's metabolism as it 'goes for gold' in 2022 m.ca v a da@bham.a c.uk