20171205 Inha University

Transcript

1. Renewable Energy and Ocean Energy Utilization yasutaka imai (imaiy@cc.saga-u.ac.jp) associate professor Institute of ocean energy saga university, Japan
2. Saga city
3. A National university Faculties are : Education, Art, Economics, Medicine, Science, Engineering, Agriculture Number of Students : 6,877 (Undergraduate: 6,004 / Graduate: 873) Saga University
4. www.ioes.saga-u.ac.jp Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) has been studied since the 1960 's. After that, wave, tidal, offshore wind sector division was expanded.
5. Institute of ocean energy, Saga University Headquarters And plant OTEC plant at Okinawa
6. 100kW OTEC plant at Okinawa http://otecokinawa.com/en
7. Wave Energy / Tidal Energy Group 1. Fixed / Floating Oscillating Water Column (OWC) 2. Tidal Energy Converter 3. Hydraulic Power Take-Off 4. Electric Conversion / Electric Stabilization
8. Contents: • Prediction / Observation of global warming • Policy to relax global warming • Development of marine energy converter
9. Extreme weather events occurred all over the world (2015). http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ondanka/knowledge/Stop2017.pdf High temperature Heavy rainfall low rainfall flood landslide landslide dryout These disasters are said to be related to global warming.
10. IPCC: Climate Change 2013, working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change This is the mechanism of global warming. Part of the solar radiation (Short Wave Radiation: SWR )is absorbed by the atmosphere and the earth's surface, and the rest is reflected. Long wave energy radiation from the earth's surface is inhibited by greenhouse gases.
11. IPCC evaluates scientific knowledge on climate change IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/ A fifth assessment report (AR5) was published in 2014. Working Group I: Assesses scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change. Working Group II: Assesses vulnerability of socio- economic and natural systems to climate change, consequences, and adaptation options. Working Group III: Assesses options for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and otherwise mitigating climate change.
12. Observation (a) atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) from Mauna Loa (19-32'N, 155-34'W – red) and South Pole (89-59'S, 24-48'W – black) since 1958; (b) partial pressure of dissolved CO2 at the ocean surface (blue curves) and in situ pH (green curves), a measure of the acidity of ocean water. Atlantic (29-10'N, 15-30'W – dark blue/dark green; 31-40'N, 64-10'W – blue/green) and the Pacific Oceans (22-45'N, 158-00'W light blue/light green). IPCC: Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) CO2 Partial Pressure Ocean Acidity
13. Forecasting Global Warming (IPCC AR5 report) (a) change in global annual mean surface temperature relative to 1986–2005, (b) Northern Hemisphere September sea ice extent (5-year running mean) RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5, are named after a possible range of radiative forcing values in the year 2100 relative to pre-industrial values (+2.6, +4.5, +6.0, and +8.5 W/m2, respectively). IPCC: Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)
14. Global Atmosphere Circulation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONjrSFvdKjQ
15. Global Ocean Circulation http://www.seafriends.org.nz /oceano/current2.htm http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/1425chap4.htm http://www.seafriends.org.nz/niue/geo.htm For temperature prediction, these flows should be made in the computer model.
16. Alexandre Ganachaud & Carl Wunsch, Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature 408, 453-457(23 November 2000) Ocean Heat Flux To predict the future of global warming, it is necessary to know the global movement of heat.
17. High precision calculations require fine grids. IPCC: Climate Change 2013, working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change Calculation results should be verified
18. Backtest / hindcast is used for verification hindcast is a way of testing a mathematical model; researchers enter known or closely estimated inputs for past events into the model to see how well the output matches the known results. backtesting / hindcast Compare the calculation result with observation.
19. To predict the change in temperature, it is necessary to know the movement of heat. The calculated heat flux must be verified by observation value. Alexandre Ganachaud & Carl Wunsch, Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature 408, 453-457(23 November 2000) Ocean heat flux
20. World Climate Research Program (WCRP) https://www.wcrp-climate.org/ Climate and Cryosphere (CliC): Ice area Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) : high altitude atmosphere Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) : global water circulation Climate and Ocean Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR) : Global ocean physics
21. Research Vessel “MIRAI” (JASMASTEC) • Length 128.58m • LPP 116.00m • Beam 19.00m • Draught 6.92m • Tonnage 8,687ton • Speed 16knot • Propulsion diesel-electric • Capacity 80 (28 researchers, 18 technicians, 34 crew) 熱フラックスを求めるため，高精度の水温 計を海洋表面から海底まで下ろし，水温を 計測する
22. http://www.jamstec.go.jp/j/about/equipment/ships/mirai.html
23. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/kaiyou/shindan/sougou/html_vol2/col_1_4_1_vol2.html (A, b) The sensor is lowered from the surface to the bottom of the sea, and the water temperature, salt and pressure are measured. The cable length is 6,500 m. Seawater is sampled when rising from the seafloor. Water sampler Temperature & salinity sensor chemical analysis was done onboard
24. Observation points along with 137E longitude http://www.data.jma.go.jp/kaiyou/shindan/sougou/html_vol2/col_1_4_0_vol2.html (a) observation line along with 137 longitude. (b) observation point from 1960's to 2010's
25. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/kaiyou/shindan/sougou/html_vol2/col_1_4_0_vol2.html Water is classified from temperature and salinity (2010) Water temperature (Contour), Salinity (Color map)
26. CLIVAR repeat hydrography lines are assigned to many countries. The ship observes these lines every few years and examines the change. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/RepeatSections/
27. Alexandre Ganachaud & Carl Wunsch, Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature 408, 453-457(23 November 2000) Then, measured heat flux is summarized. The calculation results are verified using observation results.
28. Renewables
29. Reduction of Greenhouse Gas (COP21, 2015) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). COP: Conference Of UNFCCC Parties, which assess progress in dealing with climate change (197 Countries, 2016). Country limit reduction base China 2030 60% 2005 EU 2030 40% 1990 India 2030 33-35% 2005 Japan 2030 70-75% 1990 Russia 2030 70-75% 1990 USA 2025 26-28% 2005
30. Estimated renewable energy share of global electricity production, 2016 Renewables 2017 Global Status Report http://www.ren21.net/status-of-renewables/global-status-report/ EU Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap
31. • Ocean Energy Forum (EU) • Published 2016/NOV/08 • Strategy 2018-2050 • Reduction greenhouse gas 20% by 2020 • Keep dominancy of Europe in development and export of ocean energy equipment 31 https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/maritimeforum/en/node/3962 EU Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap 2016
32. Action Plans 1. establish a European phase-gate scheme to validate sub-systems and early prototypes 2. EUR 250m Investment Support Fund providing flexible capital and enabling further private capital to be leveraged 3. EUR 50m-70m Insurance and Guarantee Fund for ocean energy demonstration and pre-commercial projects 4. guidance on planning, consenting, research, socio- economics and demonstration EU Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap 2016
33. UK London array I Siemens 3.6MW, 175 turbines, 63,000kW, Operated from 2013, Offshore 20km, Water depth 25m http://www.londonarray.com
34. ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest HS1000
35. Test sites K. Nielsen & T. Pontes (2010) Report T02-1.1 OES IA Annex II Task 1.2 Generic and Site-related Wave Energy Data.
36. Renewables in Japan
37. http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/about/whitepaper/ Share of domestic supply of energy Oil 41.4% Hydro 3.4% Coal 25.5% LNG 25.2% Renewable 4.4
38. Offshore Wind Experiment Fukushima floating 2011-2015 2MWx1, 7MWx2 156million+ USD Chiba, Kyushu 2011-2014 2MWx2 71million USD Goto Is. 2012 2MW spar
39. Fukushima Wind Water Depth Wind speed Significant Wave height offshore 100-150m Over 7m/s 10-15m 20-40km http://www.fukushima-forward.jp
40. Offshore Wind Experiment Fukushima floating 2011-2015 2MWx1, 7MWx2 156million+ USD Chiba, Kyushu 2011-2014 2MWx2 71million USD Goto Is. 2012 2MW spar
41. Goto Islands http://goto-fowt.go.jp/ http://www.toda.co.jp/news/2016/20160415.html
42. 2MW OpenHydro and EDF 16m diameter, 35m depth Paimpol-Bréhat in Brittany, France, 2011 http://namicpa.jp/ https://www.q/news/archives/60wwwwww wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww Will be tested 2018-19
43. Ocean Energy Converters 2011-2015, 26million USD Gyroscopic moment PowerBuoy OWC with project wall Floating tidal turbine OTEC Tidal turbine
44. Marine energy test site in Saga http://matsra.jp/english/index.html
45. Contents: • Prediction / Observation of global warming • Policy to relax global warming • Development of marine energy converter