fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change This is the mechanism of global warming. Part of the solar radiation (Short Wave Radiation: SWR )is absorbed by the atmosphere and the earth's surface, and the rest is reflected. Long wave energy radiation from the earth's surface is inhibited by greenhouse gases.
on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/ A fifth assessment report (AR5) was published in 2014. Working Group I: Assesses scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change. Working Group II: Assesses vulnerability of socio- economic and natural systems to climate change, consequences, and adaptation options. Working Group III: Assesses options for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and otherwise mitigating climate change.
Loa (19-32'N, 155-34'W – red) and South Pole (89-59'S, 24-48'W – black) since 1958; (b) partial pressure of dissolved CO2 at the ocean surface (blue curves) and in situ pH (green curves), a measure of the acidity of ocean water. Atlantic (29-10'N, 15-30'W – dark blue/dark green; 31-40'N, 64-10'W – blue/green) and the Pacific Oceans (22-45'N, 158-00'W light blue/light green). IPCC: Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) CO2 Partial Pressure Ocean Acidity
annual mean surface temperature relative to 1986–2005, (b) Northern Hemisphere September sea ice extent (5-year running mean) RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5, are named after a possible range of radiative forcing values in the year 2100 relative to pre-industrial values (+2.6, +4.5, +6.0, and +8.5 W/m2, respectively). IPCC: Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)
circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature 408, 453-457(23 November 2000) Ocean Heat Flux To predict the future of global warming, it is necessary to know the global movement of heat.
way of testing a mathematical model; researchers enter known or closely estimated inputs for past events into the model to see how well the output matches the known results. backtesting / hindcast Compare the calculation result with observation.
know the movement of heat. The calculated heat flux must be verified by observation value. Alexandre Ganachaud & Carl Wunsch, Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature 408, 453-457(23 November 2000) Ocean heat flux
Ice area Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) : high altitude atmosphere Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) : global water circulation Climate and Ocean Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR) : Global ocean physics
to the bottom of the sea, and the water temperature, salt and pressure are measured. The cable length is 6,500 m. Seawater is sampled when rising from the seafloor. Water sampler Temperature & salinity sensor chemical analysis was done onboard
circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature 408, 453-457(23 November 2000) Then, measured heat flux is summarized. The calculation results are verified using observation results.
on Climate Change (UNFCCC). COP: Conference Of UNFCCC Parties, which assess progress in dealing with climate change (197 Countries, 2016). Country limit reduction base China 2030 60% 2005 EU 2030 40% 1990 India 2030 33-35% 2005 Japan 2030 70-75% 1990 Russia 2030 70-75% 1990 USA 2025 26-28% 2005
2018-2050 • Reduction greenhouse gas 20% by 2020 • Keep dominancy of Europe in development and export of ocean energy equipment 31 https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/maritimeforum/en/node/3962 EU Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap 2016
sub-systems and early prototypes 2. EUR 250m Investment Support Fund providing flexible capital and enabling further private capital to be leveraged 3. EUR 50m-70m Insurance and Guarantee Fund for ocean energy demonstration and pre-commercial projects 4. guidance on planning, consenting, research, socio- economics and demonstration EU Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap 2016
imaiy
ymzaki_m4
kzkmaeda
yatabe
masakiokuda
sciencetokyo
kaityo256
akiraasano
robintux
signer
datarian
tammyeverts
stephenakadiri
shlominoach
auna
tmiket
danielanewman
kneath
bkeepers
thekraken
aleyda
destraynor
sferik
![Renewable Energy and Ocean Energy Utilization yasutaka imai ([email protected]) associate](https://files.speakerdeck.com/presentations/8ea7ce8a0d05440a892b5f94e5b58a69/slide_0.jpg){kind=link}
