Python 基礎教學

這份投影片適用的對象是已經具有基礎程式能力，至少熟悉一門程式語言的人，所有的程式都採用 Python 3

Transcript

1. #BTJD
   1ZUIPO NTUST Coding Club — Inndy
2. 㛇劥Ꟛ涮橇㞯 ˙⯝顥箁♳Ꟛ涮橇㞯IUUQTDJP
   ˙♳铭涸湱ꡠ须俲IUUQTKNQODDBEWQZ
   ˙*1ZUIPOIUUQTJQZUIPOPSH
3. 簮䱖莅玑䒭⼦㝆 a = input("a: ") if int(a) == 1: print("A is 1") else: print("A is not 1") 3
4. 簮䱖莅玑䒭⼦㝆 • Ӟ㮆婘矎դ蔭Ӟ㮆纷ୗ玟璸 • 磪ٛ蒈磪婘矎 • 磪ٛ蒈಍磪婘矎牧犋胼㫂婘矎 • ೲ Tab • Python 秂伛傶ࢥ㮆܎୵绚ጮ牧IDLE䨝䒻֦旉矦 • if, for, while, with, class, def, try ...etc. 4
5. a = input("a: ") if int(a) == 1: print("A is 1") else: print("A is not 1") 5
6. a = input("a: ") if int(a) == 1: print("A is 1") else: print("A is not 1") 6
7. a = input("a: ") if int(a) == 1: print("A is 1") else: print("A is not 1") ग़訏ጱ婘矎牫 7
8. a = input("a: ") if int(a) == 1: print("A is 1") else: print("A is not 1") ग़訏ጱ婘矎牫 8
9. ⴅ䒭
   EFG 碍䋊獢碍物 Python獢ୗ物 def f(x, y): res = x * 3 res += 5 * y ** 2 return res f (x, y) = 3x + 5y2 9
10. ⴅ䒭
    EFG def 獢ୗݷ圸(㷢碍1, 㷢碍2, …): # 獢ୗ獉਻ return Something 10
11. ⴅ䒭
    EFG • 蜍獈虻碘牧螀ᓒҁ牧蜍ڊ奾ຎ҂ • 犖ݢ犥犋ࢧ㯽 • ᯿蕦ጱ纷ୗ䌃౮獢ୗ牧ݢ犥᯿蕦ڥአ牧ො׎狕硬 • 犋ٚ襑ᥝک蒂蕦蕣揳Ӥ 11
12. def add(x, y): result = x + y return result result = add(5, 6) print(result) 12
13. def add(x, y): result = x + y return result result = add(5, 6) print(result) ࢥ㮆܎୵绚ጮ 13
14. ⴅ䒭
    EFG
    箻绢 1. 旉౮碍ਁ୵眲ҁint҂ 2. ፘ仂஑کଙ请ҁA - B҂ 3. ࢧ㯽奾ຎҁreturn҂ 14 def YearToAge(birth): .... 箻绢㻨♧ⴅ䒭鱒Ⰵⴀ欰䎃⟨銯⯋䎃⚛㔐⫄䎃룲 塅ֺ蜍ڊ物 ڊኞଙ犩ҁᥜزଙ҂物1995 ֦犡ଙ 19 䵇ԧ
15. JG
    ⴼ倬哭⟝ if 礿կ1: # 纷ୗ粙ྦྷ 1 elif 礿կ2: # 纷ୗ粙ྦྷ 2 # else-if ݢ犥盄ग़㮆 # ౲ᘏ䷱磪 elif 礿կ3: # 纷ୗ粙ྦྷ 3 else: # ইຎ獮ᶎӣ殻礿կ᮷犋ᒧݳ 15
16. JG
    ⴼ倬哭⟝ a = input("Input a number:") a = int(a) if a > 5: print("a is bigger than 5") print("First branch") elif a < 3: print("a is smaller than 3") a = a + 5 else: print("a is between 3 and 5") print("a = ", a) 16
17. JG
    ⴼ倬哭⟝ a = input("Input a number:") a = int(a) if a > 5: print("a is bigger than 5") print("First branch") elif a < 3: print("a is smaller than 3") a = a + 5 else: print("a is between 3 and 5") print("a = ", a) 17
18. JG
    哭⟝ⴼ倬箻绢 ˙ 锞鱒Ⰵⴀ欰䎃⟨銯⯋䎃⚛⚂ⴼ倬僽や䧭䎃
    ˙ ⢪欽ⶍⶍ涸
    :FBS5P"HF
    ⴅ䒭 18 塅ֺ蜍ڊ物 ڊኞଙ犩ҁᥜزଙ҂物1995 ֦౮ଙԧ 塅ֺ蜍ڊ物 ڊኞଙ犩ҁᥜزଙ҂物1999 ֦蝡㮆ੜ疵਎
19. GPS
    鶬㕖 19 for i in iterable: print(i)
20. JUFSBCMF ݢ犥ᤩ吚֢iteratorֵአጱ 20
21. ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS 21
22. 22 22 ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS
23. 23 23 ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS
24. 24 24 ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS
25. 25 25 ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS
26. ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS 26 26
27. ➊랃僽JUFSBUPS 27 27
28. Ջ讕ฎiterator牫 28 28 JUFSBUPS
29. Ջ讕ฎiterator牫 • ℂ਻瑊獉瞟ڊྯӞ㮆زᔰጱૡٍ • ℂፋৼ獉ጱᒫӞ㮆ᇔߝ蚎ک磧盅Ӟ㮆ᇔߝ • 犋஠橕ஞፋৼ愊ᶎ裾Ջ讕䰬ৼ 29
30. for 蝅瑹 30 for i in [1, 3, 5]: print(i) 1 3 5
31. for 蝅瑹 31 for i in [1, 3, 5]: print(i) 1 3 5 list
32. for 蝅瑹 32 for i in "ASD": print(i) A S D
33. for 蝅瑹 33 for i in range(1, 4): print(i) 1 2 3
34. for 蝅瑹 34 for i in range(1, 10, 3): print(i) 1 4 7
35. for 蝅瑹 35 sum = 0 for i in range(1, 11): sum += i print(sum)
36. GPS
    鶬㕖  data = "" for i in range(40, 60): data += chr(i) print(data) print(ord("A"))
37. range獢ୗ 37 range(stop) # ۱珀 start ֕犋۱珀 stop range(start, stop) range(start, stop, step) # Example range(3) # [0, 1, 2] range(1, 4) # [1, 2, 3] range(8, 2, -2) # [8, 6, 4] range(3, 0, -1) # [3, 2, 1]
38. GPS
    SBOHF
    竸ざ箻绢 • 懯ᓒ 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + … + 9997 ԏ者޾ • 懯ᓒ 100! % 123456789012345 ҁ褩犔҂ • 懯ᓒ 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + … + 1002 38 sum = 0 for i in range(1, 11): sum += i print(sum)
39. ⳯讍鶋㺙岁  mode = input("1 = ےੂ 2 = 薹ੂ物") data = input("蜍獈ᥝےੂጱ虻碘物") output = "" # 伛猋አ㬵硯奾ຎ for i in data: # 玲ڊ蜍獈ጱྯӞ㮆ਁ n = ord(i) # 旉矦౮ ASCII 嘨 if mode == "1": n = n + 5 # ےੂ else: n = n - 5 # 薹ੂ c = chr(n) # ℂ ASCII 旉ࢧਁԀ output += c # ಩ےੂ / 薹ੂਠጱਁԀ蚏㬵 print(output)
40. 鶬㕖涸䱾ⵖ • break 泷ӤӾ䥁蝅瑹 • continue 泷Ӥ᪡کӥӞ稞䁆ᤈ • else ইຎ蝅瑹䁆ᤈਠԧ䷱磪ᤩ break 
41. 鶬㕖涸䱾ⵖ  for i in range(10): if i % 2 == 0: continue print(i)
42. 㼦䪪
    _
    涸颶侸  颶侸
    ꤑ✫
    
    莅荈䊹尝剤Ⱖ➮姻侮侸涸㔔侸
43. 㼦䪪
    _
    涸颶侸 ˙ 睨岁增叆僽やⰨ剤Ⱖ➮㔔侸
    ˙ O 
    O
    佖葻睨岁涸眕㕠
    ˙ 4JFWF
    PG
    &SBUPTUIFOFT
    ⿾麕⢵⨞涸睨岁
    ˙ 鼩剤Ⱖ➮刿㢵刿隶䢀刿醳꧹涸倰岁 
44. 㼦䪪
    _
    涸颶侸  for i in range(2, 100 + 1): for j in range(2, i): if i % j == 0: break else: # ইຎ䷱磪ᤩbreak print(i, "is prime.")
45. 8IJMF
    鶬㕖 • 犖ฎӞ圵蝅瑹 • ݝᥝ瞲ਧጱ礿կ౮缏疰Ӟፗ䁆ᤈ • while {condition}:
 do_some_thing("this")
 and_some_thing("that", 3, 4, 5) 
46. 8IJMF
    鶬㕖  i = 10 m = 1 while i > 1: m *= i i -= 1 print(m)
47. # 娞聜物糔碍ਁ蝿瞁 http://j.mp/py-guess-num from random import randint r = randint(1, 10) print("I have a random number: ", r) secret = _______(1, 100) # 㫂碍 _____ True: # 蝅瑹 guess = input("Guess a number:") guess = ___(_____) # ਁԀ牫碍ਁ牫 if _____ __ ______: # 糔䌘ԧ牫 print("You got it!") _____ # 蝿瞁奾๳ elif _____ _ ______: # ইຎ糔ॡय़ԧ print("Lower please.") else: print("Bigger and bigger.")
48. -JTU ˙ 겳⡂
    "SSBZ
    ˙ 䖎㢵匌銯佞㖈♧饱꧌⚥盘椚
    ˙ 嫦⦐匌銯鿪剤♧⦐管贫*OEFY
    ˙ 䖰
    
    Ꟛ㨥鼹 
49. -JTU • empty_list = [] • nums = [1,2,3,4,5,6] # nums[0] == 1 • nums[0] = 9 • nums.append(7) • nums += [8, 9, 10] • print(nums[2:5]) • data = [1,[2,3,4],5] 
50. -JTU  a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # List for num in a: print(num) print("a[2] is", a[2]) a.append(333) print(a)
51. -JTU  a = [4, 6, 3, 9, 1] a.sort() print(a)
52. -JTU • min • max • sorted • reversed • sum 
53. -JTU  䒊用♧⦐
    MJTU
    〭⨞
    QSJNFT
    
    ⚛⚂㖈酭꬗佞
    _
    涸颶侸
    搭䖕⽫ⴀ痧
    _
    ⦐颶侸
    #F
    TNBSU锞♶銴
    QSJNFT
    
    <
    
    
    
    
    
    >
54. 0099
    (BNF  http://j.mp/py-ooxx-game
55. 㥶卓⡹銴-JTU剤_䙦랃⨞ 䖎矦㋲㉇欽GPS 
56. 56 a = [] for i in range(1, 11): a.append(i) 欽
    GPS
    鶬㕖
57.  a = [ i for i in range(1, 11) ] -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO
58.  a = list(range(1, 11)) 85' 
59. 銴-JTU剤_䙦랃⨞ 䖎矦㋲㉇欽GPS 
60. 60 a = [] for i in range(1, 11): a.append(i ** 2) 欽
    GPS
    鶬㕖
61.  a = [i ** 2 for i in range(1, 11)] -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO
62. -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO  [ {expr} for i in {iter} ] [ {expr} for i in {iter} if {cond} ]
63. -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO  a = [ i * 2 for i in range(5) ] # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
64. -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO  b = [i for i in range(8) if i % 2 == 1] # [1, 3, 5, 7]
65. -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO  箻绢
    ⴪ⴀ
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ⴪ⴀ
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
66.  print([ n for n in range(2, 100) if not any( n % i == 0 for i in range(2, n) ) ]) -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO
67.  print([ n for n in range(2, 100) if not any( n % i == 0 for i in range(2, n) ) ]) -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO FYQSFTTJPO GPS DPOEJUJPO
68.  print([ n for n in range(2, 100) if not any( n % i == 0 for i in range(2, n) ) ]) -JTU
    $PNQSFIFOTJPO FYQSFTTJPO GPS DPOEJUJPO FYQSFTTJPO GPS
69. TUS
    欽岁  "ABCDEFG"[2:4] "Repeat Me" * 16 "some" in "something is here" "this" not in "what about that" print("\n".join(["A", "B", "C"]))
70. 竸ざ箻绢  欽♧妄QSJOU⽫ⴀ⟃♴㕬䕎 * ** *** **** ***** ****** ****** ***** **** *** ** * * *** ***** *******
71. 竸ざ箻绢  欽♧妄QSJOU⽫ⴀ⟃♴㕬䕎 3, 1 ___* 2, 3 __*** 1, 5 _***** 0, 7 *******
72. 㶶⚮贖椚 • s[:5] # 玲ڊ獮Բ㮆ਁ • s[-3:] # 玲ڊ磧盅ӣ㮆ਁ • s[0:4] # 玲ڊᒫ0㮆کᒫ3㮆ਁ • s[3:12:2] # 玲ڊᒫ3㮆کᒫ11㮆ਁ牧֕ฎྯ稞螂Ӟ 㮆ҁ2-1҂ 4VCTUSJOH
73. 㶶⚮贖椚 • "ababa".count("a") # 3 • "dcba".startswith("dc") • "abcd".endswith("d") • "AbcD".upper() # 旉य़䌃 • "AbcD".lower() # 旉ੜ䌃
74. 㶶⚮贖椚 • "\n".join(['a', 'b', 'c']) • "ab cd ef".split(" ") • "fly in sky".index("in") • "123".zfill(5) # 酢ꨫ
    • Z
    JO
    TLZSFQMBDF JO
    PO
75. 㶶⚮贖椚 def is_mirror(s): return s == s[::-1] 㔐俒ⴼ倬♧遤晝劥
76. %JDU ˙ %JDUJPOBSZ
    ˙ ,FZ
    
    7BMVF
    ˙ *OEFY〳⟃僽⟤⡦匌銯涸-JTU
    • d = { "A": "A string", "B": 456.7 } 
77. %JDU • d[123] = 456 • d['key'] = 'value' • d.update({'mixin': ‘this-dict'}) • print(d.keys()) • print(d.get('no-this-key', 123)) • del d['a'] 
78. %JDU for key, val in d.items(): print("%s -> %s" % (key, val)) 
79. %JDU e = { i: '(%04d)' % i for i in range(5) } print(e) 
80. %JDU e = { i: '(%04d)' % i for i in range(5) } print(e) 
81. 墂呪贖椚  墂呪そ珖
82. 墂呪贖椚  墂そ 墂そ墂呪涸そ㶶荈䊹《
83. 墂呪贖椚  ⶰ墂そ陏ⴽ墂呪涸겳㘗 ⶰ墂そ
84. 墂呪贖椚  8JOEPXT涸ⶰ墂そ갸鏤♶곏爚
85. 墂呪贖椚  墂呪騟䖜穪㼩騟䖜㸤侮騟䖜
86. 墂呪贖椚  墂呪騟䖜湱㼩騟䖜
87. 墂呪贖椚 • fo = open("file name", "mode") • fo.write("data to write") • fo.readline() • fo.readlines() • fo.read(length) • fo.close() 87
88. 墂呪贖椚 • r物捝玲 • w物䌃獈ҁ薟荠碉㮆䲆礯҂ • a物ᴫےҁ䌃獈ک䲆礯ੲᒒ҂ • b物覍෈ਁ䲆礯秇ୗ • +物窾ݳ秇ୗҁݢ捝ݢ䌃҂  䎙珏䌢鋅涸墂呪Ꟛ㉬垸䒭
89. 墂呪贖椚 • r+ ݢ捝ݢ䌃 • ab ᴫےکӞ㮆 binary 䲆礯 • wb ୌ缏౲竃绚Ӟ㮆 binary 䲆礯牧ݢ犥䌃獈  䎙珏䌢鋅涸墂呪Ꟛ㉬垸䒭
90. 90 name = input("What is your name? ") file_obj = open("test.txt", "w") file_obj.write("Hi, " + name + "\n") file_obj.close() 墂呪贖椚
91. 91 name = input("What is your name? ") file_obj = open("test.txt", "w") file_obj.write("Hi, " + name + "\n") file_obj.close() Ꟛ㉬墂呪 墂呪そ珖 Ꟛ㉬垸䒭 ꡠꟗ墂呪 㻨Ⰵ墂呪 䳖遤 墂呪贖椚
92. 92 fo = open("primes.txt", "r") s = 0 for i in fo: s += int(i) print("Sum =", s) fo.close() 墂呪贖椚
93. 93 fo = open("primes.txt", "r") s = 0 for i in fo: s += int(i) print("Sum =", s) fo.close() 墂呪贖椚
94. 娞聜物dict 膏䲆礯 94 ˙ 䪾
    EJDU
    㶸鹎墂呪
    ˙ 䖰墂呪隡㔐
    EJDU
95. 5FYU
    &ODPEJOH
    BOE
    #JOBSZ  TUS CZUFT CZUFBSSBZ MJTU
    PG
    JOU
    <  >
96. $PNNPO
    &SSPS
    )BOEMJOH try: parse_data() except Exception as e: print(e)
97. 7BMVF&SSPS s = input("Give me a number: ") try: n = int(s) print(s, "^2 =", n * n) except ValueError: print(s, "is not a valid number") 97
98. 'JMF/PU'PVOE&SSPS try: fobj = open("readme.txt", "r") print(fobj.read()) fobj.close() except FileNotFoundError: print("File 'readme.txt' not found") 98
99. 5ZQF&SSPS s = input('Give me a number: ') print("ready for an error?") print(s + 5) 99
100. *OEFY&SSPS months = ("Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul " + "Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec").split(" ") try: m = int(input("Which month? ")) print("Month #" + str(m) + " is " + months[m - 1]) except ValueError: print("Not a valid integer") 100
101. ,FZ&SSPS data = { "name": "Lightning", "type": "Pet", "age": 5, "weight": 18 } while True: column = input("Which column? ") if not column: break print(data[column]) 101
102. ;FSP%JWJTJPO&SSPS print("Input some numbers") s, n = 0, 0 while True: m = input() if not m: break s += int(m) n += 1 print("Avg = " + str(s / n)) 102
103. *T"%JSFDUPSZ&SSPS fobj = open('this-is-directory', 'r') # 玱ྋ䨝㽆梊藮牧獵ӥጱ纷ୗ嘨፜ኼ 103
104. $47 $PNNB4FQBSBUFE
     7BMVFT
     鸊贫ⴕꥬ须俲
105. $47 Name,Age,Score Quentin,23,79 Marti,24,54 Avelina,19,51 Gayle,24,49 Kimiko,18,64 Chara,18,51 April,19,40 Alina,24,86 105
106. $47
     8SJUFS
     
     3FBEFS import csv, sys try: filename = sys.argv[1] fobj = open(filename, 'w') writer = csv.writer(fobj) writer.writerow(['Name', 'Age']) writer.writerows([['lady gaga', 28], ['linroex', 19]]) fobj.close() except IndexError: print("Usage: python3 " + sys.argv[0] + " output.csv") 106
107. $47
     8SJUFS
     
     3FBEFS import csv, sys try: filename = sys.argv[1] fobj = open(filename, 'r') reader = csv.reader(fobj) skip_first_line = True for row in reader: if skip_first_line: skip_first_line = False continue print(row) fobj.close() except IndexError: print("Usage: python3 " + sys.argv[0] + " output.csv") except FileNotFoundError: print("File not found -> " + filename) 107
108. $MBTT
     BOE
     0CKFDU ˙ $MBTT
     ˋ
     겳ⴽ
     ˙ 鏤鎙㕬䒊眡话㕬
     ˙ .FUIPE
     ˋ
     倰岁㿂倴暟⟝涸ⴅ䒭
     ˙ 0CKFDU
     ˋ
     暟⟝
     ˙ 㻜넓欴ㅷ覈ⴀ⢵涸䒊眡暟
     ˙ "UUSJCVUF
     ˋ
     㿂䚍꣡⸈倴暟⟝涸须俲 108
109. $MBTT
     BOE
     0CKFDU 109 def FirstClass: def __init__(self, name): print('Hi, %s' % name) first_object = FirstClass('Inndy') print(first_object)
110. $MBTT
     BOE
     0CKFDU 110 def FirstClass: def __init__(self, name): print('Hi, %s' % name) def leaving(self): print('Bye, %s' % self.name) obj = FirstClass('Inndy') obj.leaving() print(obj)
111. $MBTT
     BOE
     0CKFDU class Animal: def __init__(self, name, sound = None): self.name = name self.sound = sound def say_hi(self): if self.sound == None: print("Hi, I'm " + self.name) else: print(self.name, ":", self.sound * 7) cat = Animal("Cat", "meow~") # init cat.say_hi() cat.sound = None cat.say_hi() 112