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Interaction modalities, technologies and tools ...

Interaction modalities, technologies and tools for interactive art

Presentation about interaction modalities and technologies that can be used for interactive art projects, with emphasis on devices available at the School of Arts (Catholic University of Portugal), Porto.

Jorge C. S. Cardoso

October 03, 2012
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  1. Objectives • Overview of most common non-desktop interaction and computing paradigms

    • Examples of technologies and tools that can be used to implement those interactions o  Available tools at EArtes/UCP • Most prominent people/references in these areas • No code (for now)
  2. Gestural interaction "A gesture is a motion of the body

    that contains information. Waving goodbye is a gesture. Pressing a key on a keyboard is not a gesture because the motion of a finger on its way to hitting a key is neither observed nor significant. All that matters is which key was pressed". -- Kurtenbach and Hulteen (1990), cited by Billinghurst & Buxton (2011)
  3. Gestural interaction Technologies/Tools (ordered by the complexity of gestures: simplest

    to more complex) •  Touch surfaces •  Computer vision techniques •  Wiimote •  Kinect •  MoCap
  4. Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces •  Mostly planar, rectangular, glass(y) surfaces

    •  Various technologies for detecting touch o  which have different limits for the number of simultaneous touches it can detect •  Gestures o  Fingers only (small devices) o  Hands/forearms (large(r) devices, depending on technology used) o  2d movements only •  Number of users o  one - personal devices (phones, tablets) o  few - large surfaces (tables, walls)
  5. Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces Tablets/phones •  Singing fingers o  Jay

    Silver o  https://vimeo.com/12010952 Single-person interaction, fingers
  6. Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces Medium/Large surfaces •  Touch-Wall @ EArtes

    o  Laser light plane (LLP) technique (see Sandler 2012) o  Multi-touch surface (in development) o  Vertical orientation o  One-two person interaction o  Fingers, hands
  7. Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces Medium/Large surfaces •  Interactive tables (Reactables)

    o  Diffused illumination technique o  Horizontal orientation o  Up to four people interacting o  Fingers, hands shapes o  Three available @ EArtes
  8. Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces Very large surfaces •  Massive Curved

    Multi-Touch Screen o  Reality touchscreen University of Groningen o  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlWFtF06RFo Several-person interaction, fingers, hands
  9. Gestural interaction: computer vision Computer vision (CV) techniques (non depth-

    cameras) •  Various kinds of surfaces/scenes •  Gestures o  Varied, depends on positioning of camera §  fingers §  hands §  whole body o  mostly 2d, but can also infer distance o  not very precise §  Can be very precise with controlled conditions
  10. Gestural interaction: computer vision Edge/Swap •  Tiago Dionisio, Rudolfo Quintas

    •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSKpXZjECtY •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryX4Vq2-IKE
  11. Gestural interaction: computer vision Sketchsynth •  Billy Keyes •  http://vimeo.com/42053193

    •  http://golancourses.net/2012spring/05/13/billy-keyes- final-project-sketchsynth/
  12. Gestural interaction: computer vision Knee deep •  Emily Gobeille &

    Theodore Watson •  https://vimeo.com/8805152
  13. Gestural interaction: Wiimote Wiimote •  Nintendo game controller o  Wireless:

    uses bluetooth to connect to a computer o  Has various accelerometer sensors to sense movement o  IR sensor for pointing •  Gestures o  3d movement, rotation o  combined with the sensor bar, allows pointing gestures •  Various wiimotes available @ EArtes
  14. Gestural interaction: Wiimote Wiimote •  Wiimote hacks o  Johnny Chung

    Lee o  http://www.ted.com/talks/ johnny_lee_demos_wii_remote_hacks.html
  15. Kinect •  XBox game controller o  Depth camera: senses the

    distance of each pixel to the camera (Borenstein 2012). •  Gestures o  Detects a "point cloud" - pixels and their distances to the camera o  With extra software it's possible to detect limbs (skeleton) positioning o  More accurate than simple cameras •  Two available @ EArtes Gestural interaction: Kinect
  16. Gestural interaction: Kinect Kinect Physics Tutorial for Processing •  Video

    showing the result of Processing code that uses Kinect •  http:// www.creativeapplications.net/ processing/kinect-physics- tutorial-for-processing/
  17. Gestural interaction: Kinect YScope medical interface •  YDreams •  Gestural

    interface for an operating room •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91F6zErnCrs
  18. Gestural interaction: Kinect Control the Humanoid Robot by Kinect • 

    Using the skeleton detected by the Kinect to drive a robot •  ikaziso •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8BmgtMKFbY
  19. Gestural interaction: Kinect Unnamed soundsculpture •  Daniel Franke & Cedric

    Kiefer •  Using various Kinect to model a dancer and then process the data into visual effects •  https://vimeo.com/38505448 •  honorary mention from the Prix Ars Electronica
  20. Gestural interaction: Kinect Make the line dance •  "1024" • 

    Detection of skeleton + projection into human body •  https://vimeo.com/21308228
  21. Gestural interaction: MoCap MoCap - Motion Capture •  MoCap Room

    •  High-speed infrared cameras detect markers placed on actor's body •  Gestures o  Highly accurate gestures •  (Vicon MoCap available @ EArtes)
  22. Gestural interaction: MoCap T(ether) •  Tangible Media Group •  Interaction

    with virtual volumetric data •  http://vimeo.com/42173010
  23. Gestural interaction: MoCap Portrait of the ghost drummer •  Odaibe

    •  Visualization of the process of playing on a drum kit •  http://vimeo.com/34682556 •  Non-interactive
  24. Gestural interaction: computer vision Computer Vision Tools •  Processing o 

    BlobDetection o  JMyron •  Max/Msp o  Jitter o  jit.cv external •  Community Core Vision o  http://ccv.nuigroup.com/
  25. Gestural interaction: Wiimote Wiimote Tools •  Processing/Java o  Motej -

    http://motej.sourceforge.net/ o  Wigee - http://www.wiigee.org/ •  Max/Msp o  aka.wiiremote external - http://www.iamas.ac.jp/~aka/max/
  26. Gestural interaction: Kinect Kinect Tools •  http://openkinect.org/wiki/Main_Page •  Book "Making

    things see" (Borenstein 2012) •  Processing/Java o  OpenKinect - http://www.shiffman.net/p5/kinect/ o  SimpleOpenNI - http://code.google.com/p/simple-openni/ o  http://www.creativeapplications.net/processing/ kinect-physics-tutorial-for-processing/ •  Max/Msp o  jit.freenect.grab - http://jmpelletier.com/freenect/
  27. Gestural interaction: Touch surfaces Tools •  Web apps o  jQMultiTouch

    library §  http://dev.globis.ethz.ch/jqmultitouch/
  28. Gestural interaction References •  Billinghurst & Buxton (2011). Gesture Based

    Interaction, http://www.billbuxton.com/ input14.Gesture.pdf •  Borenstein, Greg (2012). Making Things See: 3D vision with Kinect, Processing, Arduino, and MakerBot, O'Reilly Media / Make •  Buxton, Bill (2012). Multi-Touch Systems that I Have Known and Loved, http:// www.billbuxton.com/multitouchOverview.html •  Kurtenbach, G. & Hulteen, E. (1990). Gestures in Human-Computer Communications. In B. Laurel (Ed.) The Art of Human Computer Interface Design. Addison-Wesley, 309-317, http:// www.billbuxton.com/inputManuscript.html •  Levin, Golan. Computer Vision for Artists and Designers: Pedagogic Tools and Techniques for Novice Programmers, http://www.flong.com/texts/essays/essay_cvad/ •  Sandler, Seth (2012). LASER LIGHT PLANE MULTITOUCH TECHNIQUE, http:// sethsandler.com/multitouch/llp/
  29. Tangible interaction "[...] tangible interfaces give physical form to digital

    information, employing physical artifacts both as representations and controls for computational media. TUIs couple physical representations (e.g., spatially manipulable physical objects) with digital representations (e.g., graphics and audio), yielding user interfaces that are computationally mediated, but generally not identifiable as "computers" per se." - Ullmer & Ishii (2000)
  30. Tangible interaction Reactable •  Tangible musical instrument o  Users manipulate

    physical objects to create and control the sound o  Can be used as a general tangible framework •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mgy1S8qymx0
  31. Tangible interaction Sketch-a-TUI •  Alexander Wiethoff, et al. •  Set

    of printable objects for tangible prototypes •  http://vimeo.com/38793875 •  Paper o  http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Sketchatui •  Printable objects o  http://project-premium.org/sketch-a-tui/index.html
  32. Tangible interaction Birds on Paper •  Chen-Wei Chiang, et al.

    •  Drawing music •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqkkNotSQMo •  Paper o  http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Birdsonpaper
  33. Tangible interaction Chronotape •  Peter Bennett •  Tangible timeline with

    annotations •  https://vimeo.com/28191512 •  Paper o  http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Chronotape
  34. Tangible interaction Splash Controllers •  Luc Geurts and Vero Vanden

    Abeele •  Uncareful Manipulation of Water •  Paper o  http://tei-conf.org/12/Main/Splashcontrollers
  35. Tangible interaction Skube •  Andrew Nip, Ruben van de Vleuten,

    Malthe Borch, and Andrew Spitz •  Tangible interface to Last.fm & Spotify Radio •  http://www.creativeapplications.net/maxmsp/skube- tangible-interface-to-last-fm-spotify-radio/
  36. Tangible interaction Faustine •  Carlos Caires & Jorge Cardoso • 

    Interactive video installation inspired by the short story "Morel's Invention" •  https://vimeo.com/19043202
  37. Tangible interaction The garden of time •  Carlos Caires &

    Jorge Cardoso •  Interactive video installation inspired by the short story "The Garden of Forking Paths" •  https://vimeo.com/24836769
  38. Tangible interaction Tools •  Reactable •  TUIO - Fiducial tracking

    o  http://www.tuio.org/?software o  Processing o  Max/MSP o  CCV •  Wiimotes •  Other off-the-shelf hardware/sensors
  39. Tangible interaction References •  G. W. Fitzmaurice, H. Ishii, and

    W. A. S. Buxton, “Bricks: Laying the Foundations for Graspable User Interfaces,” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’95, 1995, pp. 442–449. •  H. Ishii and B. Ullmer, “Tangible bits,” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI ’97, 1997, pp. 234–241. •  Ullmer, B. and Ishii, H. (2000). “Emerging frameworks for tangible user interfaces,” IBM Systems Journal, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 915–931, Jul. 2000.
  40. Brain interfaces Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) or Mind- Machine Interface (MMI)

    Using brain signals to interact with computers. •  Usually based on EEG readings •  Various commercial devices available •  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain %E2%80%93computer_interface#Low-cost_BCI- based_Interfaces
  41. Brain interfaces Câmara Neuronal •  Adolfo Luxúria Canibal, João Martinho

    Moura, Miguel Pedro Guimarães •  http://projects.jmartinho.net/3486412/ Camara-Neuronal-Video-Teaser
  42. Brain interfaces Brainwave beats •  Collin Cunningham •  Midi notes

    from brain signals •  Uses the Neurosky Mindset device •  http://blog.makezine.com/2011/05/05/collins-lab- brainwave-beats/
  43. Brain interfaces Mansion Maze 3 BCI Game Trailer •  Eric

    Rosendale, Ian McCabe, Veronica Cole, Aaron DeChamplain, and Matt Stephan •  BCI Game •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdYAIrr9nDw
  44. Brain interfaces Mind Control of Lego NXT Telepresence Robot • 

    Mark Bruce •  Controling a lego robot using brain signals •  Uses EPOC BCI device •  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX741DZw8l4
  45. Brain interfaces Tools •  Neurosky Mindset (available @ EArtes) • 

    EPOC neuroheadset - http://emotiv.com/emortal/cart/ •  Processing library o  Neurosky Mindset Processing §  http://jorgecardoso.eu/processing/ MindSetProcessing/ •  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain %E2%80%93computer_interface#Low-cost_BCI- based_Interfaces
  46. Wearable computing "Wearable computing is the study or practice of

    inventing, designing, building, or using miniature body-borne computational and sensory devices. Wearable computers may be worn under, over, or in clothing, or may also be themselves clothes" (Mann, 2012)
  47. Wearable computing Google Project Glass •  https://plus.google.com/+projectglass/posts •  https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=9c6W4CCU9M4

    (how will our world be in 5/10 years, when we all start wearing devices even more powerful than Glass?)
  48. Wearable computing Blazer 01.2 •  A light emitting bracelet • 

    Can be used to "draw" letters in the air •  Vincent leclerc •  http://www.uttermatter.com/blazer/012/index.htm#
  49. Wearable computing Kukkia •  Kukkia flowers frame the face and

    slowly open and close over time •  xslabs •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5fd6AwGMhg
  50. Wearable computing See U in my Tee •  Inês Petiz

    •  T-shirts that react to the presence of other t-shirts •  http://wearable-technology.blogspot.pt/
  51. Wearable computing References •  Mann, Steve (2012): Wearable Computing. In:

    Soegaard, Mads and Dam, Rikke Friis (eds.). "Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction". Aarhus, Denmark: The Interaction Design Foundation. Available online at http://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/wearable_computing.html
  52. Physical computing "Physical computing, in the broadest sense, means building

    interactive physical systems by the use of software and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world. (...) In the broad sense, physical computing is a creative framework for understanding human beings' relationship to the digital world. In practical use, the term most often describes handmade art, design or DIY hobby projects that use sensors and microcontrollers to translate analog input to a software system, and/or control electro-mechanical devices such as motors, servos, lighting or other hardware." - (Physical computing 2012)
  53. Physical computing An Instrument for the Sonification of Everyday Things

    •  Dennis P Paul •  http:// www.creativeapplications.net/ processing/an-instrument-for-the- sonification-of-everyday-things/
  54. Physical computing What the phonics •  Andrew Spitz & Momo

    Miyazaki •  https://vimeo.com/45747333
  55. Physical computing Barcode band •  Kang woon jin, Lee ha

    lim, Kim yong duk •  https://vimeo.com/41132461
  56. Physical computing Little Bits •  Hardware components that can be

    assembled together •  http://market.littlebits.cc/ •  https://vimeo.com/45276780
  57. Physical computing MakeyMakey •  Circuit board that connects to a

    computer via USB and allows everyday objects to become controllers •  http://www.makeymakey.com/
  58. Physical computing Lego Mindstorms NXT •  Available @ EArtes • 

    Lego kit with o  motors o  distance sensor o  light sensor o  button o  lego parts...
  59. Physical computing Tools •  Arduino - http://www.arduino.cc/ •  Galago -

    http://outbreak.co/galago •  Digispark - http://digistump.com/ •  Raspberry pi - http://www.raspberrypi.org/ •  MakeyMakey - http://www.makeymakey.com/ •  LittleBits - http://littlebits.cc/ •  Lego NXT Mindstorms (available @EArtes) o  http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx
  60. Physical computing References •  Physical computing. (2012, July 21). In

    Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:37, September 22, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Physical_computing&oldid=503476286 •  Dan O'Sullivan, Tom Igoe. (2004). Physical Computing: Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers, Thomson Course Technology, Boston, Massachusetts,
  61. Digital public displays Digital displays located in public areas, allowing

    anyone to see/interact with them •  Traditionally, public displays have been used to broad information from one active source to millions of passive receivers •  Digital public displays can change this o  Turning receivers into active receivers o  Supporting dynamic locally relevant information o  Supporting user-generated content (many to many content distribution) •  Everyone can interact o  Everyone can see you interacting
  62. Digital public displays Honda Interactive Billboard using SMS and Bluetooth

    •  Users can "start" the car via SMS •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OudaJGtwdQ8
  63. Digital public displays BBC Billboard •  Voting billboards, users can

    SMS their vote •  http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/06/ live_in_new_york_city.html
  64. Digital public displays Audio Jack Billboards •  Promoting a TV

    show "Big Love" •  Users can listen to people's thoughts by plugin headphones into the billboard •  http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/audio-jack-billboard- for-big-love
  65. Digital public displays Nokia's N90 interactive billboard •  YDreams • 

    The billboard snaps people's pictures and displays them on the billboard •  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWgIswo3lV4
  66. Digital public displays Mini Billboard Interactive •  The billboard displays

    the names of the Mini car owners passing by •  http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/business/media/ 29cooper.html
  67. Digital public displays Nikon D700 •  The billboard plays flashing

    cameras as people pass by. •  http://www.thecoolhunter.net/article/detail/1570/nikon- d700-guerrilla-style-billboard
  68. Digital public displays Hello Wall •  (Prante et al. 2003)

    •  Can display various abstract information patterns •  Can display group activity
  69. Digital public displays Informative Art ambient display •  Skog et

    al. 2003 •  Display bus information (only the bus number 16 - two in each direction) o  Size of square: amount of time before bus leaves o  Color: Time to leave to the bus stop o  Position: right - buses to the city center; left - buses from the city center
  70. Digital public displays Information Percolator •  Heiner et al. 1999

    •  A water bubble display o  Can be used to display various types of ambient information •  http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~hudson/ video.html
  71. Digital public displays Mobilenin •  Scheible, Jürgen and Ojala, Timo

    •  Paper o  http://www.mendeley.com/research/mobilenin-combining-multi-track- music-video-personal-mobile-phones-public-display-multi-user-interac o  Allows users to vote on the next video clip
  72. Digital public displays Public Youtube Player •  Allows users to

    have some control over the videos that are played •  at the EArtes' Bar display
  73. Digital public displays Everybody Votes •  Users can express their

    opinions regarding various questions and suggest their own questions •  at the EArtes' Bar display
  74. Digital public displays References Heiner, J. M., Hudson, S. E.,

    & Tanaka, K. (1999). The Information Percolator  : Ambient Information Display in a Decorative Object. Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology - UIST ’99 (pp. 141–148). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/320719.322595 Prante, T., Röcker, C., Streitz, N., Stenzel, R., Magerkurth, C., van Alphen, D., & Plewe, D. (2003). Hello.Wall - Beyond Ambient Displays. Video Track and Adjunct Proceedings of the 5th Intern. Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP’03). Seattle, Wash., USA. Skog, T., Ljungblad, S., & Holmquist, L. E. (n.d.). Between aesthetics and utility: designing ambient information visualizations. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2003 (IEEE Cat. No. 03TH8714) (pp. 233–240). IEEE. doi:10.1109/INFVIS.2003.1249031
  75. Mobile computing "Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a

    computer is expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software." - (Mobile computing 2012)
  76. Mobile computing X-Fetch •  Daniel Santos, João Rema •  City-wide

    game, peddy paper like •  Players have to discover a set of clues spread across the city (Porto) using a mobile device that plays videos pointing to next clues and that tracks players GPS locations •  http://jpn.c2com.up.pt/2005/10/29/ xfetch_quando_o_real_e_o_virtual_se_confundem.html
  77. Mobile computing Pom •  Jorge Coutinho •  Jogo Pong estendido

    a seis jogadores •  https://vimeo.com/18579379
  78. Mobile computing References •  Mobile computing. (2012, September 8). In

    Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:56, September 30, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Mobile_computing&oldid=511364202