EU's contribution to environmental standards on offshore hydrocarbon extraction (Ellen Margrethe Basse & Cécile Pelaudeix, session 3)

Professors Ellen Margrethe Basse and Cécile Pelaudeix
from Aarhus University in Denmark look at the EU's environmental policies in the Arctic, specifically in relation to offshore hydrocarbon extraction activities.

An accompanying video of the session in which this presentation was given can be found on the Arctic Futures Symposium VIMEO channel https://vimeo.com/148118583 . Their presentation begins at 34:59.

Transcript

1. skriften ta Light ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR 17 NOVEMBER 2015 EU CONTRIBUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ON OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION LEGAL AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES
2. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 2 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen EU ARCTIC POLICY IN THE MAKING   The environment in the EU Arctic policy   A stronger focus on research in 2012 but a proactive environmental agenda (marine areas)   Objective : analyze the legal and political challenges for the EU to promote environmental standards in the marine areas of the Arctic, with a special focus on Norway and Denmark
3. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 3 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen EU’S ARCTIC POLICY & THE ARCTIC STATES Canada Russian Federation USA Denmark – EU Member State/ Greenland - it is an Overseas Country and Territory (OCT) Norway – EEA/EFTA Member State (Svalbard is not included in the membership) Sweden (EU), Finland (EU) and Iceland (EEA/EFTA)
4. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 4 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen EU’S EXTERNAL RELATIONS AND EXCLUSIVE COMPETENCES – TREATY OF LISBON   TEU: Legal personality of the EU   One of the aims is to promote its values globally supporting the role of it as a normative global power.   respecting the principles, which have inspired its own creation, including the principle of sustainability,   The principle of loyalty   TFEU: Doctrine of parallelism - Once the Council has concluded a multilateral agreement its Member States are bound.   Member States have no right to enter into international or other commitments, which might affect or alter the scope of ‘internal’ EU rules – this is also the case in respect to IMO (incl. the Polar Code)   EU is implementing the international obligations by regulations and directives
5. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 5 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen THE AGREEMENT ON THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA)   Harmonization of market conditions   Environment is included   The depth of integration is less far-reaching than the Treaty of Lisbon - scope and objective go beyond a regional convention   The EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) and the EFTA Court shall follow old ECJ case law, and they shall take due account of new ECJ case law   ECJ and EFTA Court have ensured uniform legal order
6. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 6 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen EU’S LEGAL APPROACH Holistic ecosystem-approach Environmental principles -  Integration -  Precaution -  Polluter pays etc. Vertical harmonisation, (incl. IMO’s Port State Control and MARPOL 73/78) Habitats and Wild Birds Directives Marine Strategic Framework Directive Framework Directive for Maritime Spatial Planning Offshore Safety Directive Environmental Liability Directive EIA Directive and SEA Directive
7. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 7 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen EU’S DIRECTIVE ON OFFSHORE SAFETY   EEA relevance – accepted by two of the three EEA/EFTA members. Norway is the only one that do not accept it   ESA has following the ECJ approach   Control supported by European Marine Safety Agency and its CleanSeaNet   ecosystem approach   Emergency response plans, risk assessment, reporting   Involvement of stakeholders   Public participation   Strict liability   Disposal of installations
8. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 8 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen ECJ HAS BY ITS JUDGMENTS ENSURED THE APPLICATION IN THE EEZ AND ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF 8
9. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 9 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen DENMARK/GREENLAND   The Constitution puts limits on delegation of powers to Greenland   Danish Act on Greenlandic Self-Government – the competence to offshore extraction has been taken over, and the Greenlandic Mineral Resources Act now regulates such activities (by prospecting, exploration and production licenses as well as EIA, SSA and IBAs): but it is not covering the protection of the marine environmental
10. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 10 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND SAR-OBLIGATIONS   The protection the marine areas outside 3 nautical miles is not taken over: the Danish Marine Environmental Act (Royal Decision of 22 October 2004) is the relevant legislation. Non of EU’s supra mentioned directives are included   The responsibility for Search And Rescue (SAR) is also the Danish authorities (the competences are
11. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 11 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen DENMARK’S DISCRETIONARY POWER IN ISSUES OF RELEVANCE FOR EU’S INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS   Denmark has the power to use its legal competences/responsibilities on the protection of Greenlandic interests - without harming the interest of the EU   2015-Joint Declaration on partnership between EU and Greenland/ Denmark: (1) education and capacity building; (2) natural resources, incl. raw materials; (3) energy, climate change, environment and biodiversity; (d) Arctic issues; (e)social sector and mobility etc.(f) research and innovation - & specific Fisheries Partnership Agreement
12. 17 NOVEMBER 2015 12 ELLEN MARGRETHE BASSE- CÉCILE PELAUDEIX PROFESSOR & A. PROFESSOR ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTRE (ARC) AARHUS UNIVERSITY http://arctic.au.dk Tilpas dit navn og titel ved at tilgå Diasmaster under Vis i topmenuen CONCLUSION   EU remains proactive with regard to the environmental agenda.   EU/Norway. Important cooperation; different interpretation of EEA relevance of EU offshore legislation   EU/Greenland: a complex legal nexus between Denmark-Greenland and EU. And a potential for further cooperation on marine environment