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The role of interpretation

Keith Lyons
February 12, 2018

The role of interpretation

A talk given by Mitch Mooney on Day 1 of #ACUGCPA18 on 12 February.

Keith Lyons

February 12, 2018
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Transcript

  1. The role of interpretation: Art vs.
    Science
    Mitchell Mooney

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  2. 12/2/18 Wilson Bentley snowflake photographs circa 1902 2

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  3. In this module you will…
    •  Understand the importance of interpretation
    in performance analysis.
    •  Exposure to a theoretical foundation to justify
    your observations.
    •  Understand the role of thought process to
    assist in decision making.
    12/2/18 3

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  4. Question…
    Can you perform well and still lose?
    12/2/18 4

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  5. Start with semantics
    •  Science is loosely used as a term in sport to
    describe the act of scientific investigation that
    incorporates a scientific method.
    •  Art is often used as every other means of
    enquiry, but most commonly ‘gut feel’.
    12/2/18 5

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  6. Start with the perception of science
    •  Science is commonly seen as an objective and
    truthful account of the universe.
    •  Science is also seen as an unbiased method of
    testing ones assertions.
    •  Science can provide evolving theories on the
    nature of things e.g. Newtonian physics à
    Relativity à Quantum mechanics
    12/2/18 6

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  7. What can science do?
    •  Science is concerned with what and how
    questions e.g. how does the heart work?
    What does the heart do?
    •  Science provides a platform to challenge
    existing theories based on observed evidence.
    •  Scientific evidence provides us with ability to
    justify claims made based on rigorous analysis.
    12/2/18 7

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  8. Limitations of science
    •  Science can not give us any answers of why things exist.
    •  Science does not concern itself with the metaphysical
    e.g. why is the heart there at all?
    –  The presumption is that the how and what questions will
    provide all we need to know about something.
    •  Scientists do not tend to engage with the philosophies
    anymore.
    –  Science was originally call natural philosophy and was
    inseparable.
    –  Thomas Kuhn: normal scientist vs revolutionary scientist
    12/2/18
    Kuhn (1962) The structure of scientific
    revolutions
    8

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  9. What about the perception of Art?
    •  Art, at least in the popular culture of the
    sports setting, refers to decisions/opinions
    that do not have obvious reproducible
    evidence.
    •  The ‘art’ of sport comes from experience,
    domain specific knowledge, logic and
    reasoning.
    12/2/18 9

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  10. What can art do?
    •  Art enables an expression of a certain vision of
    reality
    •  Blends what is currently understood with
    other ideas.
    •  Can be spontaneous and impulsive or
    reasoned through discussion.
    •  Art will sometimes question why things exist
    and ponder that through expression.
    12/2/18 10

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  11. Limitations to art
    •  The premise for any discussion must be
    agreed on for a conclusion to be reached. This
    is difficult without evidence or a consensus.
    12/2/18 11

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  12. 12/2/18 12

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  13. Objectivity v Subjectivity
    •  This is the most critical distinction between
    art and science in the sporting debate.
    •  Objectivity:
    Being the object of perception or thought; belonging to the object of
    thought rather than to the thinking subject.
    •  Subjectivity:
    Existing in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject rather than to
    the object of thought
    12/2/18 13

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  14. Things that are Objective
    12/2/18 14

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  15. Things that are subjective
    12/2/18 15

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  16. How does this influence us?
    •  Meaning is purely subjective.
    •  Performance itself is objective.
    •  For us to make an ‘meaningful’ account of
    performance we must understand the
    subjective nature of the meaning.
    12/2/18 16

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  17. Money as an example
    •  The paper that we call money is objective.
    •  However, the notion of money is subjective.
    •  The value people place on money is subjective
    and therefore the models associated with
    predicting market behaviour are poor because
    they deal in the objective (Taleb, 2007).
    12/2/18 17

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  18. What about sports performance?
    •  Sport performance is objective.
    •  Whether that performance was good or not,
    above or below expectations or not,
    acceptable or not is subjective.
    12/2/18 18

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  19. Interpretations influence performance evaluations
    •  Atomistic
    •  Hierarchical
    •  Systemic
    12/2/18 19

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  20. Atomistic model
    12/2/18 20

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  21. Hierarchical model
    12/2/18 21
    Performance
    Tactical
    Performance
    Decision
    Making
    Game
    Involvement
    Technical
    Performance
    Skill
    Efficiency
    Technique
    Physical
    Performance
    Work Rate
    Movement
    Efficiency

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  22. System
    12/2/18 22

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  23. How do we use art and science in
    sport?
    12/2/18 23

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  24. How do we make decisions then?
    •  System 1 and System 2 thinking (Kahneman,
    2007)
    – System 1 = intuitive and impulsive decisions with
    little thinking and energy required.
    – System 2 = rational, slow well reasoned decisions,
    requires computation and rational thinking.
    12/2/18 24

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  25. System 2 - Thinking
    •  Main methods of reasoning
    – Inductive reasoning
    – Deductive reasoning
    – Abductive reasoning
    12/2/18 25

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  26. Reasoning
    12/2/18 26

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  27. Reasoning in a sport context
    •  Deductive Reasoning:
    –  Talent can be identified through physical testing
    –  My physical test correlates with the outputs of the sport
    –  Therefore, my test can identify talent.
    •  Inductive Reasoning:
    –  I’ve had several people identified from my test battery
    –  Therefore, talent can be identified through the test battery.
    •  Abductive reasoning:
    –  I’ve had an athlete won the race
    –  This can be explained by the test battery results…
    –  This can be explained by their skill levels…
    –  The best explanation is ???
    12/2/18 27

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  28. Using Reasoning
    •  Each approach has it’s own objectives.
    •  Deductive reasoning sources to make a
    conclusion based on the rule and the premise
    •  Inductive reasoning sources to prove or
    disprove the theory based on the observation.
    •  Abductive reasoning sources to determine the
    most probable explanation for the premise.
    12/2/18 28

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  29. Hopefully you have…
    •  Understood the importance of interpretation
    in performance analysis.
    •  Been exposure to a theoretical foundation to
    justify your observations and observed the
    importance of reasoning the evidence
    appropriately.
    •  Understand the role of thought process to
    assist in decision making.
    12/2/18 29

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  30. Concluding statement
    12/2/18 30

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