Generalized existentialが内部的にすでに存在しているか調べてみた / A Dive to Find Inner Generalized Existential Containers

Transcript

1. Generalized existen.al͕಺෦తʹ͢ Ͱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ௐ΂ͯΈͨ Yuta Koshizawa @koher

2. ① ٙ໰ʹࢥͬͨ͜ͱ

3. ͜ͷίʔυͷ S ͕ಛघԽ͞Εͳ͍৔߹ɺ sequence ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ͷ಺෦తදݱ͸Ͳ͏ͳͬͯΔʁ func sum<S: Sequence>(of sequence: S)

   -> Int where S.Element == Int { return sequence.reduce(0, +) }

4. ΋ͬͱஸೡʹ

5. associatedtype Λ࣋ͨͳ͍ϓϩτίϧ protocol Animal {} struct Cat: Animal {} let

   cat: Cat = Cat() let animal: Animal = cat // OK

6. ϓϩτίϧܕม਺ͷαΠζ protocol Animal {} struct Cat: Animal { let a:

   Int8 } struct Dog: Animal { let b: Int32 } let cat: Cat = Cat(a: 2) // 1 όΠτ let dog: Dog = Dog(b: 3) // 4 όΠτ // ԿόΠτʁ ! let animal: Animal = Bool.random() ? cat : dog

7. ஋ܕͱϓϩτίϧܕͱσΟεύον protocol Animal { func foo() -> Int } struct

   Cat: Animal { func foo() -> Int { return 2 } } struct Dog: Animal { func foo() -> Int { return 3 } } let cat: Cat = Cat() let dog: Dog = Dog() _ = cat.foo() // 2 : ੩తσΟεύον _ = dog.foo() // 3 : ੩తσΟεύον

8. ஋ܕͱϓϩτίϧܕͱσΟεύον protocol Animal { func foo() -> Int } struct

   Cat: Animal { func foo() -> Int { return 2 } } struct Dog: Animal { func foo() -> Int { return 3 } } let cat: Cat = Cat() let dog: Dog = Dog() let animal: Animal = Bool.random() ? cat : dog _ = animal.foo() // 2 or 3 : ಈతσΟεύον

9. Existen(al containers 1 struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type;

   WitnessTable *witnessTables[NUM_WITNESS_TABLES]; }; 1 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6/blob/master/docs/ABI/TypeLayout.rst#existenBal-container-layout

10. ෳ਺ͷ Witness table Λ࣋ͭ৔߹ protocol P {} protocol Q {}

    struct S : P, Q {} let pq: P & Q = S()

11. ! Existen(al container ͷ͓͔͛Ͱ ந৅తͳϓϩτίϧܕͱͯ͠ѻ͑Δ

12. associatedtype Λ࣋ͭϓϩτίϧ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value } struct Cat:

    Animal { typealias Value = Int } let cat: Cat = Cat() let animal: Animal = cat // NG

13. Generalized existen.als 2 let strings : Any<Sequence where .Iterator.Element ==

    String> = ["a", "b", "c"] 2 h$ps:/ /github.com/apple/swi6/blob/master/docs/GenericsManifesto.md#generalized-existenAals

14. associatedtype Λ࣋ͭϓϩτίϧ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value } struct Cat:

    Animal { typealias Value = Int } let cat: Cat = Cat() let animal: Any<Animal where .Value == Int> = cat // Generalized existential Ͱ͜Ε͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ͔΋

15. ! Generalized existen.al ͕ͳ͍ͷͰ associatedype ͕͋Δͱ ϓϩίτϧܕͱͯ͠ѻ͑ͳ͍

16. Ͱ΋ɺ͜Ε͸Ͱ͖Δ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value } struct Cat: Animal

    { typealias Value = Int } func useAnimal<A: Animal>(_ animal: A) -> Int where A.Value == Int { ... } useAnimal(Cat()) // ✅ OK

17. A ͕ Cat ʹಛघԽ͞ΕΔͱ͜͏ͳΔ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value }

    struct Cat: Animal { typealias Value = Int } func useAnimal(_ animal: Cat) -> Int { ... } useAnimal(Cat()) // ✅ OK

18. ಛघԽ͞Εͳ͍ͱͲ͏ͳΔʁ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value } struct Cat: Animal

    { typealias Value = Int } func useAnimal<A: Animal>(_ animal: A) -> Int where A.Value == Int { ... } useAnimal(Cat()) // `Cat` ͸ͲͷΑ͏ʹѻΘΕΔʁ

19. ! ΋͔ͯ͠͠಺෦తʹ͸ Existen(al ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰ͸ʁ

20. ② LLVM IR Ͱ಺෦తදݱΛௐࠪ

21. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖

22. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ protocol Animal { func foo() ->

    Int } struct Cat: Animal { var value: Int = 42 func foo() -> Int { return value } }

23. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ func useAnimal(_ animal: Animal) -> Int

    { return animal.foo() } func useCat(_ cat: Cat) -> Int { return useAnimal(cat) } print(useCat(Cat()))

24. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ func useAnimal(_ animal: Animal) -> Int

    { return animal.foo() } func useCat(_ cat: Cat) -> Int { return useAnimal(cat) } print(useCat(Cat()))

25. swiftc -emit-ir foo.swift

26. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 }

27. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } $S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF ʹϚϯάϦϯά͞ΕͯΔ

28. swift demangle S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF

29. σϚϯάϦϯάͷ݁Ռ $ swift demangle S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF $S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF ---> main.useAnimal(main.Animal) -> Swift.Int

30. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } ͜Ε͸ main.useAnimal(main.Animal) -> Swift.Int

31. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } %T4main6AnimalP* ܕͷҾ਺͕Ұͭ

32. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** }

33. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTables[NUM_WITNESS_TABLES]; };

34. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTables[NUM_WITNESS_TABLES]; };

35. Witness tables ͱϙΠϯλܕ • i8* : witness table ͷཁૉ •

    i8** : witness table • i8*** : witness table ͷू·Γ = witnessTables

36. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTables[NUM_WITNESS_TABLES]; };

37. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTable; };

38. ෳ਺ͷ Witness table Λ࣋ͭ৔߹ protocol P {} protocol Q {}

    struct S : P, Q {} let pq: P & Q = S() ↓ LLVM IR ( P & Q ) %T4main1P_AA1Qp = type { [24 x i8], %swift.type*, i8**, i8** }

39. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } Ҿ਺ͱͯ͠ Existen)al container Λड͚औ͍ͬͯΔ

40. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { // 40 όΠτ void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; // 24 όΠτ Metadata *type; // 8 όΠτ WitnessTable *witnessTable; // 8 όΠτ };

41. Existen(al container ͷαΠζ protocol P {} protocol Q {} print(MemoryLayout<P>.size)

    // 40 print(MemoryLayout<P & Q>.size) // 48

42. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } Ҿ਺ͱͯ͠ 40 όΠτͷ Existen+al container Λड͚औ͍ͬͯΔ

43. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } getelementptr ͱ͸ʁ

44. getelementptr 3 <result> = getelementptr <ty>, <ty>* <ptrval>{, [inrange] <ty>

    <idx>}* <result> = getelementptr inbounds <ty>, <ty>* <ptrval>{, [inrange] <ty> <idx>}* 3 h$p:/ /llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#getelementptr-instruc=on

45. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 // getelementptr inbounds <ty>, <ty>* <ptrval>, <ty> <idx>, <ty> <idx> %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } 0 ൪໨ͷ %T4main6AnimalP ͷ 1 ൪໨ͷϝϯόͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

46. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTable; };

47. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } type ͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

48. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } type Λϩʔυ

49. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } 0 ൪໨ͷ %T4main6AnimalP ͷ 2 ൪໨ͷϝϯόͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

50. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTable; };

51. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } witnessTable ͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

52. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } witnessTable Λϩʔυ

53. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } 0 ൪໨ͷ %T4main6AnimalP ͷ 0 ൪໨ͷϝϯόͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

54. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ %T4main6AnimalP = type { [24 x

    i8], %swift.type*, i8** } ↕ ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ struct OpaqueExistentialContainer { void *fixedSizeBuffer[3]; Metadata *type; WitnessTable *witnessTable; };

55. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } fixedSizeBuffer ͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

56. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } fixedSizeBuffer ͷ࣮ମͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

57. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } witnessTable ͔Β 1 ൪໨ͷཁૉͷϙΠϯλΛऔಘ

58. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } witnessTable ͷ 1 ൪໨ͷཁૉΛϩʔυ

59. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } foo Λදؔ͢਺ܕϙΠϯλʹΩϟετ

60. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } foo Λίʔϧ

61. associatedtype ͕ ͳ͍ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySiAA0C0_pF"(%T4main6AnimalP* noalias

    nocapture dereferenceable(40)) #0 { entry: %1 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 1 %2 = load %swift.type*, %swift.type** %1, align 8 %3 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 2 %4 = load i8**, i8*** %3, align 8 %5 = getelementptr inbounds %T4main6AnimalP, %T4main6AnimalP* %0, i32 0, i32 0 %6 = call %swift.opaque* @__swift_project_boxed_opaque_existential_1([24 x i8]* %5, %swift.type* %2) #1 %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %4, i32 1 %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !invariant.load !25 %9 = bitcast i8* %8 to i64 (%swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %10 = call swiftcc i64 %9(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %6, %swift.type* %2, i8** %4) ret i64 %10 } foo ͷ໭Γ஋Λ return

62. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖

63. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value func

    foo() -> Value } struct Cat: Animal { var value: Int = 42 func foo() -> Int { return value } }

64. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ func useAnimal<A: Animal>(_ animal: A) ->

    Int where A.Value == Int { return animal.foo() } func useCat(_ cat: Cat) -> Int { return useAnimal(cat) } print(useCat(Cat()))

65. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 }

66. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } ࡾͭͷҾ਺: Existen*al container Ͱ͸ͳ͘࠷ॳ͔Β෼ղ͞ΕͯΔ

67. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } ಉ͡Α͏ʹࡾͭΛ༩͑ͯؔ਺Λίʔϧ

68. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } %5 ͸ Witness table ͔ΒऔΓग़͞Εͨ foo Λදؔ͢਺ϙΠϯλ

69. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } %6 ͸͜ͷؔ਺಺Ͱ֬อ͞ΕͨະॳظԽͷ Int → ݁ՌΛ֨ೲ

70. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } %1 ͸ %7 Λհͯ͠ return ͞ΕΔ

71. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ protocol Animal { associatedtype Value func

    foo() -> Value } struct Cat: Animal { var value: Int = 42 func foo() -> Int { return value } }

72. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } ໭Γ஋ͷܕ͕ܾ·ͬͯͳ͍ͷͰ opaque ϙΠϯλΛհͯ݁͠ՌΛ ฦ͢ඞཁ͕͋ͬͨʢͱࢥΘΕΔʣ

73. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } %A.Animal ͸ຊ౰ʹ Witness table ʁ

74. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ func useAnimal<A: Animal>(_ animal: A) ->

    Int where A.Value == Int { return animal.foo() } func useCat(_ cat: Cat) -> Int { return useAnimal(cat) } print(useCat(Cat()))

75. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main6useCatySiAA0C0VF"(i64) #0

    { entry: %1 = alloca %T4main3CatV, align 8 %2 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %.value = getelementptr inbounds %T4main3CatV, %T4main3CatV* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %.value._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %.value, i32 0, i32 0 store i64 %0, i64* %.value._value, align 8 %3 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to %swift.opaque* %4 = call swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"( %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture %3, %swift.type* bitcast ( i64* getelementptr inbounds ( <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>, <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>* @"$S4main3CatVMf", i32 0, i32 1 ) to %swift.type* ), i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*], [3 x i8*]* @"$S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP", i32 0, i32 0) ) %5 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %5) ret i64 %4 } useCat ͷ LLVM IR

76. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main6useCatySiAA0C0VF"(i64) #0

    { entry: %1 = alloca %T4main3CatV, align 8 %2 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %.value = getelementptr inbounds %T4main3CatV, %T4main3CatV* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %.value._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %.value, i32 0, i32 0 store i64 %0, i64* %.value._value, align 8 %3 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to %swift.opaque* %4 = call swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"( %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture %3, %swift.type* bitcast ( i64* getelementptr inbounds ( <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>, <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>* @"$S4main3CatVMf", i32 0, i32 1 ) to %swift.type* ), i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*], [3 x i8*]* @"$S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP", i32 0, i32 0) ) %5 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %5) ret i64 %4 } ͜͜Ͱ useAnimal Λίʔϧ

77. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main6useCatySiAA0C0VF"(i64) #0

    { entry: %1 = alloca %T4main3CatV, align 8 %2 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %.value = getelementptr inbounds %T4main3CatV, %T4main3CatV* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %.value._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %.value, i32 0, i32 0 store i64 %0, i64* %.value._value, align 8 %3 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to %swift.opaque* %4 = call swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"( %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture %3, %swift.type* bitcast ( i64* getelementptr inbounds ( <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>, <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>* @"$S4main3CatVMf", i32 0, i32 1 ) to %swift.type* ), i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*], [3 x i8*]* @"$S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP", i32 0, i32 0) ) %5 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %5) ret i64 %4 } ୈ 3 Ҿ਺

78. S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP ΛσϚϯάϦϯά $ swift demangle S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP $S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP ---> protocol witness

    table for main.Cat : main.Animal in main

79. S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP ΛσϚϯάϦϯά $ swift demangle S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP $S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP ---> protocol witness

    table for main.Cat : main.Animal in main ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

80. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main6useCatySiAA0C0VF"(i64) #0

    { entry: %1 = alloca %T4main3CatV, align 8 %2 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %.value = getelementptr inbounds %T4main3CatV, %T4main3CatV* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %.value._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %.value, i32 0, i32 0 store i64 %0, i64* %.value._value, align 8 %3 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to %swift.opaque* %4 = call swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"( %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture %3, %swift.type* bitcast ( i64* getelementptr inbounds ( <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>, <{ i8**, i64, <{ i32, i32, i32, i32, i32, i32 }>*, i32, [4 x i8] }>* @"$S4main3CatVMf", i32 0, i32 1 ) to %swift.type* ), i8** getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8*], [3 x i8*]* @"$S4main3CatVAA6AnimalAAWP", i32 0, i32 0) ) %5 = bitcast %T4main3CatV* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %5) ret i64 %4 } ୈ 3 Ҿ਺ʹ Witness table Λ౉͢

81. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ define hidden swiftcc i64 @"$S4main9useAnimalySixAA0C0RzSi5ValueRtzlF"(%swift.opaque* noalias

    nocapture, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) #0 { entry: %1 = alloca %TSi, align 8 %2 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %2) %3 = getelementptr inbounds i8*, i8** %A.Animal, i32 2 %4 = load i8*, i8** %3, align 8, !invariant.load !28 %5 = bitcast i8* %4 to void (%swift.opaque*, %swift.opaque*, %swift.type*, i8**)* %6 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to %swift.opaque* call swiftcc void %5(%swift.opaque* noalias nocapture sret %6, %swift.opaque* noalias nocapture swiftself %0, %swift.type* %A, i8** %A.Animal) %._value = getelementptr inbounds %TSi, %TSi* %1, i32 0, i32 0 %7 = load i64, i64* %._value, align 8 %8 = bitcast %TSi* %1 to i8* call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0i8(i64 8, i8* %8) ret i64 %7 } ࡾͭͷҾ਺͸ Existen)al container ͱ౳Ձ

82. ! Existen(al container Ͱ ౉͞ͳ͍ͷ͸ͳͥʁ

83. associatedtype ͕ ͋Δ ͱ͖ func useAnimal<A: Animal>(_ animal: A) ->

    Int where A.Value == Int { return animal.foo() } func useCat(_ cat: Cat) -> Int { return useAnimal(cat) } print(useCat(Cat()))

84. A ܕ͸ useCat ͷத͚ͩͷܕ

85. ! useCat ͷϩʔΧϧείʔϓͰ औΓѻ͑Ε͹ྑ͍

86. ! Existen(al container Ͱ औΓճ͢ඞཁ͸ͳ͍

87. ! Existen(al container Ͱ แΜͩΓ෼ղͨ͠Γ͢Δͱ Φʔόʔϔου͕ൃੜ

88. ! ͦΕͳΒ Existen)al ʹͤͣ ࠷ॳ͔Β͹Β͹Βʹѻ͓͏ ʢͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͸ʁʣ

89. ʲ౰ॳͷٙ໰ʳ ΋͔ͯ͠͠಺෦తʹ͸ Existen(al ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰ͸ʁ

90. ! Generalized existen.al ͸ ಺෦తʹ΋ଘࡏ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ

91. ! Ͱ΋ useCat<A:Animal>(_:) ͸ Existen(al ͱࣅͨ࢓૊ΈͰಈ͍ͯͨ

92. None

93. ΄΅ಉ͜͡ͱ͕͔֬ΊΒΕͯͨ 4 4 h$ps:/ /qiita.com/omochimetaru/items/b41e7699ea25a324aefa

94. ͓͠·͍