先取り！ Swift 6 の async/await

Swift の async/await の Proposal が Accept されました。これによって、 Swift に async/await が導入されることが決定しました。おそらく、 Swift 6 で導入されるものと思われます。

本スライドは https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZN_YFZy770&t=1467 の動画と合わせて御覧下さい。 Swift の async/await の解説と練習問題を実施しています。練習問題は、実務で async/await を使うことになりそうなケースを取り上げています。

また、練習問題と解答例のソースコードは https://github.com/koher/async-await-challenge からもご覧いただけます。

Transcript

1. ઌऔΓʂSwi$ 6 ͷ async/await
   Yuta Koshizawa @koher
   

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2. SE-0296: Async/await4
   4 h$ps:/
   /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0296-async-await.md
   

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3. Swi$ ͷඇಉظॲཧʢ͜Ε·Ͱʣ
   func download(from url: URL,
   completion: @escaping (Data) -> Void)
   download(from: url) { data in
   // ͜͜Ͱඇಉظʹड͚औͬͨ data Λ࢖͏
   }
   

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4. Swi$ ͷඇಉظॲཧʢ͜Ε͔Βʣ
   func download(from url: URL) async -> Data
   let data = await download(from: url)
   // ͜͜Ͱඇಉظʹड͚औͬͨ data Λ࢖͏
   

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5. throws/try
   func foo() throws {}
   func bar() {
   try foo() //
   ⛔
   }
   

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6. throws/try
   func foo() throws {}
   func bar() throws {
   try foo() //
   ✅
   }
   

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7. async/await
   func foo() async {}
   func bar() {
   await foo() //
   ⛔
   }
   

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8. async/await
   func foo() async {}
   func bar() async {
   await foo() //
   ✅
   }
   

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9. Poten&al Suspension Point
   func download(from url: URL) async -> Data
   func downloadImage(from url: URL) async -> UIImage {
   // Potential Suspension Point
   let data = await download(from: url) // (A)
   let image = UIImage(data: data)! // (B)
   return image
   }
   

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10. RPG ͷྫͱϒϩοΩϯά
    

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11. RPG ͷྫͱϒϩοΩϯά
    func performTurn(of character: Character) { ...
    switch action { ...
    case .spell:
    // (1) ຐ๏Λબ୒
    let spell = selectSpell(of: character)
    // (2) ຐ๏Λ͔͚Δ૬खΛબ୒
    let target = selectTarget(of: spell)
    // (3) ຐ๏Λ࣮ߦ
    perform(spell, on: target)
    }
    }
    

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12. RPG ͷྫͱϒϩοΩϯά
    func performTurn(of character: Character) async { ...
    switch action { ...
    case .spell:
    // (1) ຐ๏Λબ୒
    let spell = await selectSpell(of: character)
    // (2) ຐ๏Λ͔͚Δ૬खΛબ୒
    let target = await selectTarget(of: spell)
    // (3) ຐ๏Λ࣮ߦ
    await perform(spell, on: target)
    }
    }
    

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13. ίʔϧόοΫ஍ࠈ
    foo { a in
    bar(a) { b in
    baz(b) { c in
    qux(c) { d in
    self.x = d
    }
    }
    }
    }
    

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14. async/await ͳΒ
    let a = await foo()
    let b = await bar(a)
    let c = await baz(b)
    let d = await qux(c)
    self.x = d
    

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15. Future ͩͱ
    foo().flatMap { a in
    bar(a)
    }.flatMap { b in
    baz(b)
    }.flatMap { c in
    qux(c)
    }.sink { d in
    self.x = d
    }.store(in: &cancellables)
    

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16. ੍ޚߏ଄ͱͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ
    let x = await foo()
    var sum = 0
    while x > 0 {
    sum += x
    x = await bar(x)
    if x.isMultiple(of: 2) { return nil }
    }
    return sum
    

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17. ࿅श໰୊
    

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18. ໰୊ 01A
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/m7nn4xoim62xdk7p5htbxmmau
    ໰୊ 01B
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/zvnt3mp5tvgbbkd5mq5n3fvynm
    

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19. Τϥʔ͕ى͜ΓಘΔ৔߹ʢίʔϧόοΫʣ
    func download(from url: URL,
    completion: @escaping (Result) -> Void)
    download(from: url) { result in
    do {
    let data: Data = try result.get()
    // ͜͜Ͱ data Λ࢖͏
    } catch {
    // ͜͜ͰΤϥʔॲཧΛߦ͏
    }
    }
    

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20. Τϥʔ͕ى͜ΓಘΔ৔߹ʢ async/await ʣ
    func download(from url: URL) async throws -> Data
    do {
    let data = try await download(from: url)
    // ͜͜Ͱ data Λ࢖͏
    } catch {
    // ͜͜ͰΤϥʔॲཧΛߦ͏
    }
    

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21. ໰୊ 02A
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/g7gvhfdug5hurbre2nzhifshaa
    ໰୊ 02B
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/2si365hypvbd7pw27mp7hhibkm
    

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22. ໰୊ 03A
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/5wnkjwkrzvhptlvhy7iukkfue4
    ໰୊ 03B
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/nbdwkt4yjzb23b33236wr5oj?
    

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23. ฒߦॲཧʁ
    let a = await foo()
    let b = await bar()
    print(a + b)
    

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24. ฒߦॲཧ
    async let a = foo()
    async let b = bar()
    print(await a + b)
    

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25. ฒߦॲཧʢ JS ʣʁ
    const a = await foo(); // number
    const b = await bar(); // number
    console.log(a + b);
    

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26. ฒߦॲཧʢ JS ʣ
    const a = foo(); // Promise
    const b = bar(); // Promise
    console.log(await a + await b);
    

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27. ฒߦॲཧʢ Swi% ʣ
    async let a = foo() // Int
    async let b = bar() // Int
    print(await a + b)
    

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28. inout
    func foo(_ x: inout Int) -> () -> Int {
    let bar: () -> Int = { return x + 1 } //
    return bar
    }
    var a = 42
    let bar = foo(&a)
    a += 1
    print(bar())
    

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29. Structured concurrency5
    The concept was formulated in 2016 by Mar7n Sústrik ..., and then
    further refined in 2018 by Nathaniel J. Smith, ... Meanwhile, Roman
    Elizarov independently came upon the same ideas while developing
    an experimental corou7ne library for the Kotlin language.
    In 2019, the loom project from OpenJDK is adop8ng structured
    concurrency ... In 2020, Swi? is men8oning adop8on of structured
    concurrency in their concurrency roadmap.
    5 h$ps:/
    /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_concurrency
    

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30. SE-NNNN: Structured concurrency6
    6 h$ps:/
    /github.com/DougGregor/swi7-evolu;on/blob/structured-concurrency/proposals/nnnn-structured-
    concurrency.md
    

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31. ໰୊ 04
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/dgvmmmc4fax8yu6474p37ke
    

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32. async ͷࠜͬ͜
    func foo() async {}
    func bar() {
    await foo() //
    ⛔
    }
    

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33. async ͷࠜͬ͜
    • τοϓϨϕϧ
    • @main
    • @asyncHandler
    • Task.runDetached
    • ( runAsyncAndBlock )
    

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34. τοϓϨϕϧ
    await foo()
    await bar()
    await baz()
    

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35. runAsyncAndBlock
    runAsyncAndBlock {
    await foo()
    await bar()
    await baz()
    }
    

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36. @asyncHandler
    func foo() async {}
    @asyncHandler
    func bar() {
    await foo()
    }
    

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37. @asyncHandler
    @asyncHandler
    func bar() {
    print(2)
    await foo1()
    print(4)
    await foo2()
    print(5)
    }
    print(1)
    bar()
    print(3)
    

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38. async
    // @asyncHandler
    func bar() async {
    print(2)
    await foo1()
    print(3)
    await foo2()
    print(4)
    }
    print(1)
    await bar()
    print(5)
    

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39. ໰୊ 05
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/rhtpvch3rreovbcgw757c3keem
    

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40. @asyncHandler
    func foo() async {}
    @asyncHandler
    func bar() {
    await foo()
    }
    

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41. Task.runDetached
    func foo() async {}
    func bar() {
    Task.runDetached {
    await foo()
    }
    }
    

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42. Task.runDetached
    func foo() async {}
    func bar() {
    let handle = Task.runDetached {
    await foo()
    }
    handle.cancel()
    }
    

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43. Task
    func foo() async {
    // Thread A
    await bar()
    // Thread B
    await baz()
    // Threac C
    }
    

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44. Task
    func foo() async {
    // Task A
    await bar()
    // Task A
    await baz()
    // Task A
    }
    

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45. Child Task
    func foo() async -> Int {
    // Task A
    async let a = bar()
    // Task A
    async let b = baz()
    // Task A
    return await a + b
    }
    

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46. Child Task
    func bar() async -> Int {
    // Task A'
    ...
    }
    func bar() async -> Int {
    // Task A''
    ...
    }
    

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47. Child Task
    func foo() async -> Int {
    // Task A
    async let a = bar()
    // Task A
    async let b = baz()
    // Task A
    return await a + b
    }
    

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48. Task Tree શମͷΩϟϯηϧ
    func foo() async {
    // ෳࡶͳ Task Tree Λ࣋ͭඇಉظॲཧ
    }
    func bar() {
    let handle = Task.runDetached {
    await foo()
    }
    handle.cancel()
    }
    

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49. ໰୊ 06
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/mwjiy2f768ztaagrfrqs6lxhy
    

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50. ίʔϧόοΫ → async
    func foo(completion: @escaping (Int) -> Void) { ... }
    func foo() async -> Int {
    // ίʔϧόοΫ൛ͷ foo Λ࢖ͬͯͲ͏΍࣮ͬͯ૷͢Δʁ
    }
    

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51. ίʔϧόοΫ → async ʢ JS ʣ
    function fooCallback(completion) { ... }
    function fooAsync() {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
    fooCallback(value => {
    resolve(value);
    });
    });
    }
    

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52. ίʔϧόοΫ → async ʢ Swi& ʣ
    func foo(completion: @escaping (Int) -> Void) { ... }
    func foo() async -> Int {
    await withUnsafeContinuation { continuation in
    foo { value in
    continuation.resume(returning: value)
    }
    }
    }
    

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53. SE-0300: Con+nua+ons for interfacing async tasks with
    synchronous code7
    7 h$ps:/
    /github.com/apple/swi6-evolu9on/blob/main/proposals/0300-con9nua9on.md
    

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54. Con$nua$on
    • UnsafeContinuation
    • UnsafeThrowingContinuation
    • CheckedContinuation
    • CheckedThrowingContinuation
    

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55. UnsafeContinuation
    withUnsafeContinuation Ͱड͚औΔɻ
    struct UnsafeContinuation {
    func resume(returning: T)
    }
    

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56. UnsafeThrowingContinuation
    withUnsafeThrowingContinuation Ͱड͚औΔɻ
    struct UnsafeThrowingContinuation {
    func resume(returning: T)
    func resume(throwing: Error)
    func resume(with result: Result)
    }
    

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57. ໰୊ 07
    h"ps:/
    /swi)fiddle.com/tuu5w2k37jdu5:k6gv5>hcni
    

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58. ·ͱΊ
    • async/await (Accepted)
    • async let
    • @asyncHandler
    • Task.Handle
    • Con&nua&on (Ac)ve review)
    

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