From Open Access to Open Science Konrad U. F¨ orstner Core Unit Systems Medicine, Universit¨ at W¨ urzburg 2014-10-23, Open Access Week The opinions expressed here represent my own and not those of my employer.
Open Access means opening the final results of the research process... ... but what is about opening the research process itself? http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
”It’s a tragedy we had to add the word open to science.” Eduardo Robles https://twitter.com/edulix/status/219390289519968256 http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Openness and transparency are core principles of science but are violated at several points in the research process. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Examples for low reproducibility Study performed at Bayer prior to launching a drug development program - 20–25% of published data reproducible (Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 10, 712, 2011) Similar approach performed at Amgen - reproducibility rate of 11% (Nature 483, 531–533, 2012) http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Have you ever tried to reproduce parts of previous study and where not able to do so due to the lack of a precise description/code/data? How much time have you spend on that? http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Science needs an upgrade The research process is full of hampering artifacts and unnecessary friction. Only a small fraction of the potential of digitalization and the internet is used. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Science needs an upgrade How would we design the research process if we would invent it today from scratch? http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Technical aspects (e.g. software or repositories) Legal aspect (e.g. Creative commons licenses) Cultural aspects (e.g. what is used for the evaluation of scientific impact) http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
The research process Idea Grant application Experiment Data analysis Submission Peer Review Publication Perception http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Opening up the planning of research projects Making research ideas online accessible and get feedback and suggestions for improvements. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Opening up grant applications Making grant application and the responses online accessible. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Opening up the experiments/protocols Make the lab notebooks public Put precise protocols online and add them to publications Automation and formalization => Program your experiments http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Open (research) data Currently: A selected subset of the experimental data of a project becomes part of the publication. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Open (research) data Currently: A selected subset of the experimental data of a project becomes part of the publication. Needed: The full data set becomes public with the manuscript. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Open (research) data Currently: A selected subset of the experimental data of a project becomes part of the publication. Needed: The full data set becomes public with the manuscript. Optimum: Data is public immediately after its generation. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Open source software Releasing the data analysis tools Documenting the data process pipeline (e.g. as shell scripts). http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Pre-prints server Making manuscripts available before they are peer reviewed. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Opening up impact evaluation systems Generating open and transparent measurements of the impact of a publication. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Collective action problem Opening everything immediately would be the best for science. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Collective action problem Opening everything immediately would be the best for science. In the current system this is not necessarily the best for the scientists. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Collective action problem Scientist compete for limited resources and try to adapt optimally to the given evaluation/funding system. Due to this we have to generate a system which promotes openness and has incentives to share results. http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
The change is happening Top-down: Funding bodies ask increasingly for openness and offer funding Bottom-up: Countless initiatives of the science community and industry http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
What can you do right now (easily)? Use/promote Open Access journals Use/promote pre-print servers (arXiv, bioRxiv) Use/promote specialized data repositories as well as general-purpose repositories to publish you research data Use the reviewing process to push Open Science http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
Open Science Group of the Open Knowlege Foundation http://science.okfn.org/ German Speaking Open Science group of the OKF http://okfn.de/open-science/ The Open Science Peer Review Oath https://zenodo.org/record/12273 http://www.flickr.com/photos/subcircle/500995147 – CC-BY by flickr user subcircle
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