フィンテック 2017春 第9-10回「分散レッジャーと新たなアプリケーション基盤」 / Distributed Ledgers and New Application Platforms

早稲田大学 大学院経営管理研究科 2017年度春学期授業「フィンテック ─ 金融革新とインターネット」第9-10回のスライドです。2017年7月10日(月)に使用しました。

Transcript

1. 9-10 — 2017 ( ) ks91@sfc.wide.ad.jp — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.1/76
2. ( ) 1 6 12 (1) • 2 6 12 (2) • 3 6 19 (1) • 4 6 19 (2) • 5 6 26 (1) • 6 6 26 (2) • 7 7 3 (1) • 8 7 3 (2) • 9 7 10 (1) • 10 7 10 (2) • 11 7 17 (1) 12 7 17 (2) 13 7 24 (1) 14 7 24 (2) 15 7 31 — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.2/76
3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. : 7. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.3/76
4. 1. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.4/76
5. 4. 2017 7 8 ( ) 17:59 JST Course N@vi — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.5/76
6. 37+α 30 (7/10 ) 5 4 3 3 2 Amazon GO 2 2 2 , , , , , , , 1 — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.6/76
7. H AI ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.7/76
8. S A ⇒ ← — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.8/76
9. I Dash Dash ( ) ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.9/76
10. K ( ) ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.10/76
11. S ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.11/76
12. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.12/76
13. ( ) 3 1. ( : UTXO ) ⇒ ( ) 2. ( : ) ⇒ 3. ( : ) TX ⇒ ( ) 2 3 — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.13/76
14. 2. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.14/76
15. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.15/76
16. SHA-1 https://shattered.it 2017 2 Google (CWI) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.16/76
17. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.17/76
18. (RSA) RSA (RSA : Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) ECDSA ( DSA : Digital Signature Algorithm) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.18/76
19. : < , > : : < , , > : OK NG — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.19/76
20. ( ) ← CA — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.20/76
21. 3. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.21/76
22. ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( ) ( ) . . . ( ) ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.22/76
23. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (by ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.23/76
24. Q. ( ) ( = / = ) ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.24/76
25. ( ) ( ) ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.25/76
26. ( ) ( ) / / — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.26/76
27. — ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.27/76
28. 4. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.28/76
29. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.29/76
30. . . . — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.30/76
31. vs. ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.31/76
32. 1. ⇒ ( ) ⇒ 2. ⇒ ⇒ 3. ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.32/76
33. (by ) 1. 2. ( ) ( ) . . . cf. by McLuhan cf. by McLuhan — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.33/76
34. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” 15 — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.34/76
35. = run — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.35/76
36. Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account Ether EVM EVM — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.36/76
37. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.37/76
38. EVM : . . . : Solidity — JavaScript LLL — Lisp — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.38/76
39. Solidity ( ) pragma solidity ˆ0.4.8; contract IndivisibleAsset { /* */ string public _name; string public _symbol; uint256 public _quantity; address public _owner; function IndivisibleAsset(string name, string symbol, uint256 quantity) { _name = name; _symbol = symbol; _quantity = quantity; _owner = msg.sender; } function transfer(address to) { if (_owner != msg.sender) { throw; } _owner = to; } } — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.39/76
40. Solidity JavaScript ( , ) (constructor) ( ) ( ) Ether — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.40/76
41. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.41/76
42. ADEPT ADEPT : IBM IoT → — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.42/76
43. . . . — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.43/76
44. ⇒ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.44/76
45. 5. (Fabric, Sawtooth, Iroha) R3 Corda Tangle (IOTA) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.45/76
46. 5-1. (Linux Foundation) https://www.hyperledger.org Apache License, Version 2.0 — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.46/76
47. / : Proposal → Incubation → Active → Deprecated → End of Life — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.47/76
48. ( https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.48/76
49. ( ) ( ) ( ) IoT / / ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.49/76
50. ( = ) ( ) ( ) ↑ — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.50/76
51. 5-2. 5-2-1. Fabric (IBM) 5-2-2. Sawtooth (Intel) 5-2-3. Iroha ( ) 5-2-4. Burrow (Monax) ( ) 5-2-5. Indy — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.51/76
52. 5-2-1. Fabric (IBM) IBM Digital Asset Holdings http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ State : Active — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.52/76
53. ( ) ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.53/76
54. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.54/76
55. (Docker) (chaincode) PBFT (Practical BFT) RocksDB CA PKI v1.0 DB CA BFT : Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( ) CA : Certificate Authority ( ) PKI : Public Key Infrastructure ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.55/76
56. 5-2-2. Sawtooth (Intel) https://github.com/hyperledger/sawtooth-core State : Active — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.56/76
57. ( ) (permissioned) (permissionless) Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) Proof of Work ( ) (Intel ) / Transaction Families — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.57/76
58. (transaction families) (PoET ) PoET ( ) (transaction families) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.58/76
59. 5-2-3. Iroha ( ) https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha State : Active — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.59/76
60. ( ) DLT : C++ Sumeragi Whitepaper : https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/blob/master/docs/iroha_whitepaper.md — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.60/76
61. JVM (chaincode) Sumeragi (BFT) JVM : Java Virtual Machine (Java ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.61/76
62. Merkle Tree ( ) Digest = double SHA-256 value Existence of a TX can be verified if a relevant subtree is provided — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.62/76
63. 5-3. Corda (R3) R3 https://github.com/corda/corda — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.63/76
64. R3 R3CEV 77 (2017 2 ) 3 SBI , R3Net( ) Corda — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.64/76
65. Corda Corda : : — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.65/76
66. ( ) + CAP ( DLT ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.66/76
67. CAP ( ) Consistency ( ) Availability ( ) Partition tolerance ( ) ⇒ 3 C Eventual consistency ( ) . . . — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.67/76
68. JVM ( ) (Uniqueness Services) UTXO X.509 PKI ( ) UTXO : Unspent TX (transaction) Output ( ) X.509 : PKI — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.68/76
69. 5-4. Tangle (IOTA) IoT IOTA https://iota.readme.io — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.69/76
70. IoT TX TX (DAG) TX Tangle — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.70/76
71. IoT (IOTA) DAG ( ) DAG — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.71/76
72. ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.72/76
73. 6. : ( ) — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.73/76
74. 7. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.74/76
75. 5. 2017 7 15 ( ) 17:59 JST Course N@vi — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.75/76
76. — 2017 9-10 — 2017-07-10 – p.76/76