3D Printing Focused Peer Production

Presented at Lahti University of Applied Sciences seminar on Additive manufacturing

Transcript

1. 3D Printing Focused Peer Production Revolution in design, development and manufacturing Jarkko Moilanen (PhD) Business and community developer at APInf Oy Twitter: @kyyberi
2. 3D printing – why it is valuable? Time-to-Market Fail fast, Fail cheap Save Money Prototyping injection mold tools are expensive Clear Communication There is no ambiguity with representation of the product. Feedback verify the product has market potential. Personalize It tweak a part to uniquely fit their needs Square Holes? Overcome the limitations of standard machining Distributed, cheap & scalable production Business oriented viewpoints
3. From laboratory to desktop Not the focus
4. Early Golden age of 3D Printing Cathedrals 3D Printing started already early 80’s Prototyping, focused on business needs (B2B) Knowledge and skills in ”cathedrals” - patented and held by ”priests” in companies 3D printer costs high – tens of thousands
5. From laboratory to desktop Focus - How did this happen?
6. 3D Printing Gold Rush Or more like plastic rush... About a decade ago began
7. Low-cost 3D printers Plethora of low-cost 3D Printers emerged around 2010, some survived Consumer market
8. Revolution - Freedom of creation Easy to use low-cost 3D printers Professional quality & affordable 3D printing services Millions of 3D printable & modifiable designs available online + design markets Easy to use 3D design tools in browser
9. Why? What happened? Who are the people behind the phenomenon? What has changed since the 80’s? What is 3D printing used for? What are the practices of 3D printing community?
11. It all began from Hackerspaces... Research about hackerspaces; motivation and practices Ignited Tampere Hacklab 2009. Now over 300 members – Selfish purposes, hacker mindset, open source believer/practitioner Discovered the low-cost 3D printing phenomenon inside hacklab movement – ”This is interesting, it must have something special, lets do some research!” Did not know this became vital to understand the emerging 3D printing movement http://tampere.hacklab.fi/
12. Hackerspace mass According to the survey results the typical hackerspace member is a 27-31 (35%) years old male (90%) with college level or higher education Altruism, community commitment, meeting other hackers in the real world and having fun seem to be the most important factors of motivation. Women seem to have found peer-production communities albeit in minority
13. 2006 - RepRap is about making self-replicating machines, and making them freely available for the benefit of everyone.
14. Necessary early innovator & adopter mass During early days of low-cost 3D printing learning curve was high Hacklabs – more than 1500 spaces globally, over 300 000 members Small market DIY culture Skilled people
15. Around 2010 People want to buy out of the box ready 3D printers! Lets package it! How to cross the chasm? Small market DIY culture Skilled people Big market ….
16. Three of the organisers of the NYC Hackerspace in Brooklyn: Drop the self-replication Requirement and focus on developing a consumer-friendly (out of the box) 3D printer.
17. Replicator 3D printer Thingiverse Started open source Closed source product Sold to Stratasys
18. 3D Printer Gold Rush 2010 > Open source / open source HW driven Consumer market targeted Low-cost Easy to use
19. Layman use cases for 3D printers Functional models Artistic items Spare parts Educational purposes Direct part production
20. InMoov is the first Open Source 3D printed life-size robot Global efforts
21. Motivation factors of the 3D printing community members Survey 2012, 358 respondents
22. New hacker generation – Peer Production Diverse community of hackers and makers built on top of • The values of the open source culture with focus on open design, • tinkering and production of physical objects, • designs of which are shared publicly under open licenses. Popularized name is Maker culture
23. 3D printable object sharing platforms Shared publicly, free to reproduce and modify Thingiverse.com – more than 1 500 000 objects
24. Thingiverse (2014) 42% of designs NOT shared 90% of shared were CC licensed Sticky licenses such as CC BY-SA are used more often with finalized designs
25. Design process - Possibility-driven spins Four phase design process was identified: 1) ideation phase 2) opportunity seeking 3) sketching and sharing of working designs 4) prototyping Tamminen & Moilanen
26. Revolution - Freedom of creation Easy to use low-cost 3D printers Professional quality & affordable 3D printing services Millions of 3D printable & modifiable designs available online + design markets Easy to use 3D design tools in browser Without hackerspaces movement this would not have happened