Android Infrastructure Overview

Transcript

1. Overview of Android Infrastructure Alexey Buzdin March 2013
2. @AlexeyBuzdin! ! ! alex.buzdin@gmail.com! ! ! LArchaon!
3. Everyone needs an app....
4. we need an app too!
5. Simple CRUD app
6. Requirement:! ! Support as many android devices as you can! (phones + tablets)
7. 4.0 4.1–4.2 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 Google data, March 2013
9. Ain't that good for a developer
13. Is there is someone who could solve this?
14. nope
15. Ease our pain?
16. maybe
19. Layers Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain
20. Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain
21. Spot the problem
22. Missing in Android 2.2 • ActionBar! • Fragments (used for both tablets and phone support)
23. Solution?
24. Compatibility libraries Android Support library! ActionBarSherlock! etc
25. Support Library http://developer.android.com/tools/extras/ support-library.html ! Fragments! Async Stuff! Experimental stuff
26. Fragments
27. Example
28. ActionBar
29. ActionBarSherlock http://actionbarsherlock.com/
30. Refreshing list
31. Pull to Refresh https://github.com/chrisbanes/ Android-PullToRefresh
32. Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain
33. Android Runtime On Android you develop in Java ... but Android does not run Java bytecode !
34. DalvikVM Dalvik Virtual Machine − Custom VM optimized for mobile devices − Register-based JVM − More efficient and compact − Use memory efficiently − Dalvik Executable Code (.dex) • 30% fewer instructions • 35% fewer code units • 35% more bytes − Trace JIT compiler (since 2.2)
35. !35 Android Runtime Android Java = Java language + Dalvik + Apache Harmony Android Java API = Java SE – AWT/Swing + Android API Sun-Java = Java language + JVM + JDK
36. App lifecycle
37. Activity public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } ! }
39. Activity public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } ! }
40. Resources
41. Activity public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } ! }
42. Context • Context of current state of the application/object
43. Context • Context of current state of the application/object! • Context is a handle to the system it provides services like ! − resolving resources ! − obtaining access to databases and preferences
44. Important any resource taken from context will live as long as Context does
45. Context problem public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); String appName = getString(R.string.appName); } ! }
46. Passing Context public class MyStringProvider { ! Context context; ! public MyStringProvider(Context context) { this.context = context; } ! public String getString(){ return context.getString(R.string.app_name); } ! }
47. Passing Context
48. Context problem public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); String appName = getString(R.string.appName); } ! } Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain
49. Injection libraries Dependency Injection! • RoboGuice! • Dagger
50. RoboGuice • Based on Google Guice! • Lightweight! • Multifunctional (has resource injection)
51. RoboGuice public class MyActivity extends RoboActivity { ! @Inject MyStringProvider stringProvider; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView)) .setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }
52. RoboGuice public class MyStringProvider { ! Context context; ! @Inject public MyStringProvider(Context context) { this.context = context; } ! public String getString(){ return context.getString(R.string.app_name); } }
53. Notable fact
54. Minimal context injection public class MyActivity extends RoboActivity { ! int i; ! @Inject MyStringProvider stringProvider; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! i = 1; ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView)) .setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }
55. RoboGuice public class MyStringProvider { ! Context context; ! @Inject public MyStringProvider(Context context) { this.context = context; } ! public String getString(){ return context.getString(R.string.app_name) + ((MyActivity)context).i; } }
56. Dagger public class DaggerActivity extends DaggerBaseActivity { ! @Inject DaggerStringProvider stringProvider; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView)) .setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }
57. Dagger public class DaggerBaseActivity extends Activity { ! @Inject Bus bus; ! @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle state) { super.onCreate(state); ! DaggerApplication.inject(this); } ! @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); bus.register(this); } ! @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); bus.unregister(this); } }
58. Dagger public class DaggerApplication extends Application { ! private static ObjectGraph objectGraph; ! @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); ! objectGraph = ObjectGraph.create(new DaggerModule(this)); } ! public static <T> void inject(T instance) { if(objectGraph != null) objectGraph.inject(instance); } }
59. @Module( entryPoints = { DaggerApplication.class, DaggerActivity.class} ) public class DaggerModule { private final Context appContext; ! public DaggerModule(Context appContext) { this.appContext = appContext.getApplicationContext(); } ! @Provides @Singleton Bus provideBus() { return new Bus(); } ! @Provides Context provideContext() { return appContext; } ! }
60. Summary Dagger ! • More customizable! • Compile time injection! • Easy to use with other libraries! • Requires more code! ! RoboGuice! • Simpler! • Runtime injection! • Out of Box functionality
61. Problem with views
64. Other “Injection” libraries Resource and View “Injection”! • RoboGuice! • ButterKnife! • AndroidAnnotations
65. RoboGuice Views Injection public class RoboGuiceActivity extends RoboActivity { ! ! @Inject RoboGuiceStringProvider stringProvider; @InjectView(R.id.textView) TextView textView; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! textView.setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }
66. Butterknife public class DaggerActivity extends DaggerBaseActivity {! ! @Inject DaggerStringProvider stringProvider;! @InjectView(R.id.textView) TextView textView;! ! @Override! public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {! super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);! setContentView(R.layout.main);! Views.inject(this);! ! textView.setText(stringProvider.getString());! }! ! }
67. AndroidAnnotations @EActivity(R.layout.translate) // Sets content view to R.layout.translate! public class TranslateActivity extends Activity {! @ViewById // Injects R.id.textInput! EditText textInput;! @ViewById(R.id.myTextView) // Injects R.id.myTextView! TextView result;! @AnimationRes // Injects android.R.anim.fade_in! Animation fadeIn;! @Click // When R.id.doTranslate button is clicked ! void doTranslate() {! translateInBackground(textInput.getText().toString());! }! @Background // Executed in a background thread! void translateInBackground(String textToTranslate) {! String translatedText = callGoogleTranslate(textToTranslate);! showResult(translatedText);! }! ! @UiThread // Executed in the ui thread! void showResult(String translatedText) {! result.setText(translatedText);! result.startAnimation(fadeIn);! } ! }
68. Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain
69. Data Source Android has built in SQLite
70. Data Source ... but lacks ORM! ! Alternatives:! − GreenDAO! − ORMLite
71. ORMLite @DatabaseTable(tableName = "accounts") public class Account { @DatabaseField(id = true) private String name; @DatabaseField(canBeNull = false) private String password; Account() { // all persisted classes must define a no-arg constructor with at least package visibility } }
72. // you get the SQLiteOpenHelper from your Android Activity ConnectionSource connectionSource = new AndroidConnectionSource(sqliteOpenHelper); ! // instantiate the DAO to handle Account with String id Dao<Account,String> accountDao = BaseDaoImpl.createDao(connectionSource, Account.class); ! TableUtils.createTable(connectionSource, Account.class); ! String name = "Jim Smith"; Account account = new Account(name, "_secret"); accountDao.create(account) ! Account account2 = accountDao.queryForId(name); connectionSource.close(); ORMLite
73. Testing
74. Testing • DVM or JVM! • Automation or Unit Tests
75. DVM • Requires a separate Test Project! • android.test or Robotium
76. Android.test public class SimpleActivityTestStandard extends! ActivityUnitTestCase<SimpleActivity> {! public SimpleActivityTestStandard() {! super(SimpleActivity.class);! }! ! public void setUp() throws Exception {! startActivity(new Intent(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext(),! SimpleActivity.class), null, null);! }! ! ! public void testLayout() {! SimpleActivity activity = getActivity();! assertNotNull(activity.findViewById(R.id.button1));! Button view = (Button) activity! .findViewById(com.example.test.target.R.id.button1);! assertEquals("My Button 1", view.getText());! }! }
77. Robotium ! public void testPreferenceIsSaved() throws Exception {! ! ! Solo solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity());! solo.sendKey(Solo.MENU);! solo.clickOnText("More");! solo.clickOnText("Preferences");! solo.clickOnText("Edit File Extensions");! assertTrue(solo.searchText("rtf"));! ! solo.clickOnText("txt");! solo.clearEditText(2);! solo.enterText(2, "robotium");! solo.clickOnButton("Save");! solo.goBack();! solo.clickOnText("Edit File Extensions");! ! assertTrue(solo.searchText("application/robotium")! ! ! solo.finishOpenedActivities();! );!
78. JVM public class RoboGuiceActivityTest { ! @Test public void shouldHaveISet() throws Exception { RoboGuiceActivity activity = new RoboGuiceActivity(); assertThat(activity.getI(), equalTo(1)); } }
79. JVM public class RoboGuiceActivityTest { ! @Test public void shouldHaveISet() throws Exception { RoboGuiceActivity activity = new RoboGuiceActivity(); assertThat(activity.getI(), equalTo(1)); } }
81. We have Mockito! 
 lets mock something 
 in our Activity ...
82. Activity source code
83. Robolectric to the rescue Allows you to run ! you android code ! on JVM
84. Robolectric @RunWith(RobolectricRoboTestRunner.class) public class RoboGuiceActivityTest { ! @Test public void shouldHaveISet() throws Exception { RoboGuiceActivity activity = new RoboGuiceActivity(); activity.onCreate(null); assertThat(activity.getI(), equalTo(1)); } }
85. Robolectric + Mockito
86. Testing • DVM or JVM! • Automation or Unit Tests! • Robotium or Robolectric! • Or both
87. Conclusion
88. More libraries?
89. More libraries
90. Solution?
91. Android Bootstrap • Fragments,Fragment Pager! • android-maven-plugin, Dagger! • ActionBarSherlock ! • ViewPagerIndicator! • http-request, GSON ! • Robotium http://www.androidbootstrap.com/
92. Build Systems • Gradle • Maven ! https://github.com/LArchaon/ android_mvn_template/
93. Q&A