Ch. 4 - Anatomy & Physiology

As a professional responder, you need a basic understanding of normal human body structure and function. This information will help you to recognize and understand illnesses and injuries. Body systems do not operate independently; they depend upon one another to function properly. When your body is healthy, your body systems are working well together, but an injury or illness in one body part or system can have effects in others. Knowing the location and function of the major organs and structures within each body system will help you to more accurately assess a patient’s condition and provide the best care.

Transcript

1. Ch 4 – Pg 53
2. Anatomical Terminology Right and Left always refer to the patient’s, not the responder’s. Ch 4 – Pg 54-55
3. Anatomical Terminology Ch 4 – Pg 55-56
4. Anatomical Terminology Abdominal Quadrants: by drawing two imaginary lines, one from the sternum down through the navel to the lowest point in the pelvis and another horizontally through the navel, you divide the abdomen into four areas. Upper Right Quadrant (URQ), Upper Left Quadrant (ULQ), Lower Right Quadrant (LRQ), Lower Left Quadrant (LLQ) Ch 4 – Pg 55
5. The Respiratory System • Supplies the body with oxygen through breathing • The epiglottis divides the upper and lower airway • When you inhale, the chest muscles and diaphragm contract, when you exhale, they relax Ch 4 – Pg 57
6. Agonal Respirations An inadequate pattern of breathing associated with cardiac arrest. They are not always seen though. The diaphragm is still receiving intermittent residual impulses resulting in sporadic gasping breaths. Can present as a snorting, gurgling, moaning, or gasping sound, a gaping mouth, or laboured breathing; are irregular and sporadic. Are not sufficient and require immediate intervention (ie. High Performance CPR) Ch 4 – Pg 59
7. The Circulatory System • Carries oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and removes wastes from cells • Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels • Blood in the arteries moves in pulses as the heart beats Ch 4 – Pg 59-60
8. The Heart’s Electrical System • Electrical impulses are the stimuli that causes the heart muscle to contract • Cardiac monitors are used to read the electrical impulses and produce an ECG • The normal conduction is called a sinus rhythm Ch 4 – Pg 60-61
9. The Nervous System • The brain regulates all body functions • Sensory • Motor • Integration such as responsiveness, memory, emotion, and use of language • The brain transmits and receives information through a network of nerves • Nerves transmit information as electrical impulses from one area of the body to another Ch 4 – Pg 64-65
10. The Spinal Column Ch 4 – Pg 66
11. The Musculoskeletal System Ch 4 – Pg 67 • Made up of muscles, bones and connective tissues • These structures… • Support the body • Protect internal organs • Allow movement • Store minerals • Produce blood cells • Generate heat
12. Major Muscles of the Body Ch 4 – Pg 66
13. The Skeleton Ch 4 – Pg 69
14. The Digestive System • AKA: Gastrointestinal (GI) system • Organs that work together to break down food and eliminate waste from the body • Most are in the unprotected abdominal cavity Ch 4 – Pg 73
15. The Urinary System • Organs that eliminate waste products filtered from the blood • Regulates water balance Ch 4 – Pg 73
16. The Reproductive System Female: vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries Male: duct system, urethra, testicles, penis Organs for sexual reproduction Ch 4 – Pg 74