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Node.js: scalability tips

Node.js: scalability tips

You finally built that amazing start-up idea you had in mind for years and you did it using Node.js! That's Great! You just launched it on Hacker News and you are very happy and proud... but now more and more people are using it and you start to have a nasty fear that Node.js won't scale because you now... it's single-threaded! Is your project doomed now? Do you have to invest your time on rewriting it in something like C++ or maybe Rust or even Go? You'd rather invest your time on adding valuable features for your users rather than learning a new language and rewriting everything from scratch, but what if nothing works anymore? And... by the way, what the heck "single-threaded" really means?! Fear no more, dear fellow developer! In this talk, we will discuss the architecture of Node.js going through its strengths and its weaknesses. We will then talk about scalability and I will share some valuable tips and tricks to make your Node.js app scale! Spoiler alert: you probably won't need Go or Rust :)

Luciano Mammino

July 09, 2020
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  1. Hello, I am Luciano! Principal Software Engineer at FabFitFun Blog:

    Twitter: GitHub: loige.co @loige @lmammino nodejsdp.link/3rd 2
  2. "Scalability is the property of a system to handle a

    growing amount of work by adding resources to the system" — Wikipedia @loige 8
  3. "A service is said to be scalable if when we

    increase the resources in a system, it results in increased performance in a manner proportional to resources added" — Werner Vogels @loige 9
  4. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL }

    = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) @loige 12
  5. autocannon -c 200 --on-port / -- node server.js wrk node

    server.js& wrk -t8 -c200 -d10s http://localhost:8080/ @loige 13
  6. autocannon -c 200 --on-port /?data=Hello%20Shift -- node server.js Running 10s

    test @ http://localhost:8080/?data=Hello%20Shift 200 connections ┌─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────────┬─────────┬────────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┤ │ Latency │ 1899 ms │ 1951 ms │ 2053 ms │ 2054 ms │ 1964.92 ms │ 99.9 ms │ 3364.03 ms │ └─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────┬──────┬─────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 0 │ 0 │ 30 │ 199 │ 99.5 │ 94.27 │ 30 │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 0 B │ 0 B │ 50.7 kB │ 336 kB │ 168 kB │ 159 kB │ 50.7 kB │ └───────────┴─────┴──────┴─────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 995 requests in 10.08s, 1.68 MB read @loige 14
  7. autocannon -c 200 --on-port /?data=Hello%20Shift -- node server.js Running 10s

    test @ http://localhost:8080/?data=Hello%20Shift 200 connections ┌─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────────┬─────────┬────────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┤ │ Latency │ 1899 ms │ 1951 ms │ 2053 ms │ 2054 ms │ 1964.92 ms │ 99.9 ms │ 3364.03 ms │ └─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────┬──────┬─────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 0 │ 0 │ 30 │ 199 │ 99.5 │ 94.27 │ 30 │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 0 B │ 0 B │ 50.7 kB │ 336 kB │ 168 kB │ 159 kB │ 50.7 kB │ └───────────┴─────┴──────┴─────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 995 requests in 10.08s, 1.68 MB read @loige 14
  8. const { createServer } = require('http') createServer((req, res) => {

    if (req.method === 'GET' && req.url === '/') { res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }) res.end('Hello World\n') } else { res.statusCode = 404 res.end() } }) .listen(8080) @loige 16
  9. autocannon -c 200 --on-port / -- node server.js Running 10s

    test @ http://localhost:8080/ 200 connections ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬───────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼──────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┤ │ Latency │ 3 ms │ 5 ms │ 11 ms │ 14 ms │ 5.51 ms │ 2.71 ms │ 80.63 ms │ └─────────┴──────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 21087 │ 21087 │ 34623 │ 35487 │ 33258.4 │ 4107.01 │ 21077 │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 3.29 MB │ 3.29 MB │ 5.4 MB │ 5.54 MB │ 5.19 MB │ 641 kB │ 3.29 MB │ └───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 333k requests in 10.1s, 51.9 MB read @loige 17
  10. autocannon -c 200 --on-port / -- node server.js Running 10s

    test @ http://localhost:8080/ 200 connections ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬───────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼──────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┤ │ Latency │ 3 ms │ 5 ms │ 11 ms │ 14 ms │ 5.51 ms │ 2.71 ms │ 80.63 ms │ └─────────┴──────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 21087 │ 21087 │ 34623 │ 35487 │ 33258.4 │ 4107.01 │ 21077 │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 3.29 MB │ 3.29 MB │ 5.4 MB │ 5.54 MB │ 5.19 MB │ 641 kB │ 3.29 MB │ └───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 333k requests in 10.1s, 51.9 MB read @loige 17
  11. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster)

    { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } @loige 33
  12. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster)

    { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
  13. Cloning is the easiest strategy to scale a service... ...

    as long as your application is Stateless @loige 35
  14. API Gateway Functional decomposition a.k.a. "Micro-services" 37 /products /cart Functional

    decomposition can also be combined with cloning! cart DB products DB @loige
  15. Summary Establish a baseline Find your bottleneck Understand your goals

    Always "observe" Scale your architecture (cloning, decomposition & partitioning) @loige 43
  16. Thank you! Special thanks to , , , , ,

    , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Icons and SVGs by @StefanoAbalsamo @matteocollina @dagonzago @NullishCoalesce @DublinSvelte @KViglucci @gjohnson391 @lucamaraschi @laurekamalandua @giltayar @mrm8488 @adrirai @harafise @EugeneWare @Jauny @tlivings @michaelcfine @leojino @shahidontech @Lordoomer @zsadigov @dottorblaster freepik.com loige.link/node-scale @loige 44