Brain Computer Interface (BCI) Seminar

Transcript

1. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) A Seminar on Ubiquitous and Wearable Computing ! By Mahmoud Abdrabo Supervised by Prof. Dr. Ayman ElNaggar
2. “ A BCI is a system that measures central nervous system (CNS) activity and converts it into artificial output that replaces, restores, or improves natural CNS output and thereby changes the ongoing interactions between the CNS and its external or internal environment.”
3. How? 1. Mentally visualise the action 2. Brain activity is interpreted 3. Software executes the action
5. Challenges The skull blocks a lot of the electrical signals The skull distorts what does get through
6. Types of BCIs Invasive Partially invasive Non-invasive
7. Invasive BCIs Implanted directly into the grey matter Produce the highest quality signals Prone to scar-tissue build-up
8. Partially invasive BCIs Implanted inside the skull but outside the brain Better resolution signals than non-invasive BCIs Lower risk of forming scar- tissue Uses Electrocorticography (ECoG)
9. Non-invasive BCIs No surgery Easy wearable Produce weaker signals Used to power muscle implants
10. Applications
11. Vision using Invasive BCIs In 1978, “Jerry” BCI containing 68 electrodes Camera to send signals Connected to a mainframe computer Could only see shades of grey
12. Vision using Invasive BCIs 20 years later (in 2002), “Jens Naumann” Same researcher (Dr. William Dobelle) Jens was able to slowly drive a car Research was not completed (Dr. William died)
13. Partially-invasive BCIs In 2004, first trial of ECoG in humans, in Washington Uni. In 2006, a 14-year old boy played space invaders with his brain Control is rapid Requires minimal training A good tradeoff with regards to signal fidelity and level of invasiveness.
14. Non-invasive BCI Electroencephalography (EEG) The most studied non-invasive interface Easy to use Low set-up cost
15. Non-invasive BCI functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Picks up magnetic signals from oxygen bound to iron dissolved in the bloodstream Blood flow increases with brain activity Millimetric accuracy Three 45-minutes training sessions to control On/Off
16. Thought-guided quad-copter Five persons trained the computer Controlled by clenching of right and left fists Copter flew through an obstacle course Success rate 90%
17. Mental ping-pong Each player lies in fMRI machine Short period of training, the bat is controlled Responsive enough to play in real time
18. Other Research
19. Neural Signals is developing technology to restore speech to disabled people Japanese researchers have developed a preliminary BCI that allows the user to control their avatar in the online world Indian Scientists working on Brain-Controlled Robot to help disabled people Paralysed people compose music with Brainwaves.
20. Products
21. MUSE Effortless & Effective Provides helpful guidance, easy-to-understand results
22. OpenBCI A versatile and affordable 8-channel EEG signal capture platform
23. OpenBCI video (click it)
24. BCI Headset by Emotive (click image for video)
25. BCI Headset by Emotive (click image for video)
28. After setting up
29. Relaxing
30. Being screamed at
31. Screaming again That’s when everybody went crazy
32. How should BCIs change?
33. How should BCIs change? Everyone should be able to use any BCI Less to no training required Improve the publicised image More online content and detailed documentation Be the safer and easier solution
34. –Prof. Bin He “We want to control a wheelchair, and turn on the TV , and most importantly to develop a technology to use the subject's thoughts to control an artificial limb in that way, and make it as natural as possible”
35. Discussion
36. References 1. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface.htm 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface 3. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/desney/publications/bcihci-chapter1.pdf 4. http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/7800.aspx 5. http://myndplay.com/products.php?prod=7 6. http://www.interaxon.ca/muse/faq.php 7. http://www.openbci.com/ 8. http://www.braincomputerinterface.com/ 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/01/obituaries/01dobelle.html?_r=0 10.http://www.academia.edu/1365518/Brain-Computer_Interface_Past_Present_and_Future
37. References 11.http://www.nature.com/news/2004/040823/full/news040823-18.html 12.http://emotiv.com/ 13.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpumTIK-A_4 14.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448514000074 15.http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195388855.do 16.http://neuro.embs.org/files/2013/0573_FI.pdf 17.http://bci.tugraz.at/research 18.http://blog.neuroelectrics.com/Portals/181943/docs/Future_BNCI_Summary.pdf 19.http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-22764978 20.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTGf2TkdvRw