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Improving Chromium's code health: Onion Soup and beyond

Improving Chromium's code health: Onion Soup and beyond

This talk provides a high-level overview of the work we've been doing at Igalia during this year aimed at improving the health of the Chromium codebase. It consists of a variety of tasks such as the collaboration with the Onion Soup project, the migration to the new Mojo APIs, the removal of wtf/time.h or helping with the migration to the Identity and the Network services, among others.

Presented at the BlinkOn 11 conference on November 14th 2019 in Sunnyvale, California.

Video recording: https://youtu.be/0T-ZMW5PiDY

Mario Sánchez Prada

November 14, 2019
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  1. Improving Chromium's code health: Onion Soup and beyond Antonio Gomes

    / Mario Sánchez Prada BlinkOn 11 / November 14th, 2019 Sunnyvale, California
  2. About Us CS Engineers & members of Igalia’s Chromium Team

    • Antonio (tonikitoo@) ◦ Firefox: MiniMo / Fennec ◦ WebKit: Qt WebKit, WebKitEFL ◦ Chromium: Embedding, Blink, Servicification, Onion Soup • Mario (mario@) ◦ GNOME: Contributor, GNOME Foundation member ◦ WebKit: WebKitGTK+, Linux Accessibility ◦ Chromium: Servicification, Onion Soup, Mojo migrations
  3. About Igalia • Highly specialized Open Source consultancy • Worker-owned,

    employee-run, flat structure • Browser technologies teams: ◦ Chromium, WebKit, Web Platform, Compilers • Headquartered in A Coruña, Galicia (Spain) • ~90 people working from all over the world
  4. Onion Soup Started almost 4 years ago: Onion Soup 1.0:

    • Motivation: After Blink was forked from WebKit, many layers of abstraction between Chromium and Blink are no longer needed • Goal: “simplify the codebase, empower developers to implement features that run faster, and remove hurdles for developers interfacing with the rest of the Chromium”. • Plan: replace legacy IPC with Mojo, move functionality from //content/renderer into Blink, clean up Blink public APIs
  5. Onion Soup: origins • Unnecessary duplication, abstractions and APIs from

    Blink • IPC with Blink always through //content/renderer
  6. Onion Soup: the vision • Services, services, services everywhere! •

    Direct communication with services via Mojo interfaces • No unnecessary abstractions & layers
  7. Onion Soup: our work (since February 2019) • Migrated or

    (helped to migrate) several modules: • Removed unnecessary public APIs from Blink WebRtcAnswerOptions, WebRTCCertificateGenerator, WebDatabaseObserver, WebPushClient, WebSurroundingText... media/stream/ android/ media_recorder/ devtools/ appcache/ push_messaging/ webdatabase/ media_capture_from_element/ installedapp/ image_capture/ manifest/ media/webrtc/ p2p/
  8. Onion Soup: Push Messaging • Moved code from //content/{renderer,*/common} into

    Blink • Removed 5 classes & 3 public WebPush* APIs
  9. • Migrated from old IPC to Mojo • Changed the

    lifetime of key objects, eg ◦ PeerConnectionTracker ◦ PeerConnectionDependencyFactory • Worked on phases (1/2): ◦ independent classes ◦ interdependent classes ▪ light ▪ hard ◦ Blink API pollution clean up pass Onion Soup: WebRTC
  10. • Worked on phases (2/2): ◦ “Blinkify” the code std::vector

    -> WTF::Vector std::string -> WTF::String …. base::Bind -> WTF::Bind / CrossThreadBind base::RefCountedThreadSafe -> WTF::ThreadSafeRefCounted ◦ API clean up move code out of public/ remove API layers Onion Soup: WebRTC
  11. Onion Soup: progress • Current status (Onion Soup 1.0): 87%

    done • Progress tracking: Mojofication & Onion Soup
  12. Onion Soup: what’s next Started working on Onion Soup 2.0:

    • Finish Onion Soup 1.0 accessibility/, java/, loader/, media/, service_worker/, worker/ • Convert legacy IPC in //content/ to Mojo • Switch Mojo to new syntax • Slim down Blink public APIs • Remove the {platform,core,modules}/exported layers • [Maybe] Remove Blink mojom types (mojom::blink::X)
  13. Context: • Original types are confusing and allow error prone

    behaviour • New types provide a clearer API and enforce correct usage Goal: Migrate all chromium away from the old mojo types Also: • New types [binary] compatible with the new ones • Implicit conversions between old and new types available https://crbug.com/955171 Mojo migrations Migration to new types
  14. Started with the migration of “bindings” and “remote pointers”: Reference

    document: Mojo Bindings Conversion Cheatseet Mojo migrations Migration to new types Old type New type mojo::Binding<Interface> mojo::Receiver<Interface> mojo::InterfacePtr<Interface> mojo::Remote<Interface> mojo::InterfaceRequest<Interface> mojo::PendingReceiver<Interface> mojo::InterfacePtrInfo<Interface> mojo::PendingRemote<Interface>
  15. Old types: mojo::InterfacePtr<Iface> ptr; mojo::InterfaceRequest<Iface> request = mojo::MakeRequest(&ptr); context->GetInterfaceProvider()->GetInterface(std::move(request)) ...

    // Possible to reuse the already-bound InterfacePtr for a new InterfaceRequest mojo::InterfaceRequest<Iface> request2 = mojo::MakeRequest(&ptr); // OK Mojo migrations Migration to new types
  16. New types: mojo::Remote<Iface> remote; mojo::PendingReceiver<Iface> receiver = remote.BindNewPipeAndPassReceiver(); context->GetInterfaceProvider()->GetInterface(std::move(receiver)) ...

    mojo::PendingReceiver<Iface> receiver2 = remote.BindNewPipeAndPassReceiver(); // FAIL (requires: remote.reset()) Mojo migrations Migration to new types
  17. Several other types had to be migrated as well: More

    details: Mojo Bindings Conversion Cheatseet Mojo migrations Migration to new types Old type New type mojo::BindingSet<Interface> mojo::ReceiverSet<Interface> mojo::AssociateBinding<Interface> mojo::AssociateReceiver<Interface> mojo::AssociateInterfacePtr<Interface> mojo::AssociateRemote<Interface> mojo::StrongBinding<Interface> mojo::SelfOwnedReceiver<Interface> ... ...
  18. // mojom interface FooFactory { GetFoo(Foo& request); }; // C++

    class FooFactoryImpl : public mojom::FooFactory { public: explicit FooFactoryImpl( mojom::FooFactoryRequest request) : binding_(this, std::move(request)) {} // mojom::FooFactory: void GetFoo(mojom::FooRequest request) override { foo_bindings_.AddBinding(this, std::move(request)); } private: mojo::Binding<mojom::FooFactory> factory_binding_; mojo::BindingSet<mojom::Foo> foo_bindings_; }; // mojom interface FooFactory { GetFoo(pending_receiver<Foo> receiver); }; // C++ class FooFactoryImpl : public mojom::FooFactory { public: explicit FooFactoryImpl( mojo::PendingReceiver<mojom::FooFactory> receiver) : factory_receiver_(this, std::move(receiver)) {} // mojom::FooFactory: void GetFoo(mojo::PendingReceiver<mojom::Foo> receiver) override { foo_receivers_.Add(this, std::move(receiver)); } private: mojo::Receiver<mojom::FooFactory> factory_receiver_; mojo::ReceiverSet<mojom::Foo> foo_receivers_; }; Mojo migrations Migration to new types
  19. // mojom interface Foo { Poke(); }; interface Bar {

    PokeFoo(Foo foo); }; // C++ void BarImpl::PokeFoo(mojom::FooPtr foo) { foo->Poke(); } // mojom interface Foo { Poke(); }; interface Bar { PokeFoo(pending_remote<Foo> foo); }; // C++ void BarImpl::PokeFoo(mojo::PendingRemote<mojom::Foo> foo) { mojo::Remote<mojom::Foo> foo_remote(std::move(foo)); foo_remote->Poke(); } Mojo migrations Migration to new types
  20. Mojo migrations Migration to new types 6/1/2019 6/7/2019 ... 10/31/2019

    11/7/2019 Blink 441 441 12 12 Content 1601 1599 --- 201 176 Other 3070 3039 721 647 TOTAL 5112 5079 --- 934 835
  21. Current status (between June 1st 2019 and Nov 7th 2019):

    • Global progress: 84% • Blink: 97% • Content: 89% • Other: 79% Progress tracking: Migration to new mojo types https://crbug.com/955171 https://crbug.com/978694 Mojo migrations Migration to new types
  22. • Context: Previously using InterfaceProvider to retrieve interfaces for several

    execution contexts: Frames SharedWorkers ServiceWorkers DedicatedWorkers • InterfaceProvider relies on InterfaceFilter capabilities which are complex and haven’t proved to be needed beyond expressing document-scoped capabilities • Also, InterfaceProvider APIs rely on old mojo types, migrating to BrowserInterfaceBroker would help with that too Mojo migrations Migration to BrowserInterfaceBroker
  23. • Goal: migrate from retrieving remote interfaces using the InterfaceProvider

    to the BrowserInterfaceBroker exposed by each execution context’s host. • Progress: Migrated 57/121 cases (~47%): ◦ //content: frames: 37/64 / workers: 7/12 ◦ //chrome: 12/40 ◦ //cast: 0/1 ◦ //android: 1/4 https://crbug.com/936482 Mojo migrations Migration to BrowserInterfaceBroker
  24. • Problem: Blink-related mojo interfaces exposed via .mojom files scattered

    under public/{web,platform} and public/mojom • Result: all (15) Blink-related .mojom files in public/mojom/: autoplay.mojom, mime_registry.mojom, app_banner.mojom, web_feature.mojom, ooom_intervention.mojom... https://crbug.com/919393 Mojo migrations Re-organized location of .mojom files
  25. Servicification (s13n) • Network Service (//services/network) ◦ Migrated to the

    network::SimpleURLLoader API ◦ Enabled on Mac/Win/Linux/CrOS since March ◦ Current status: completed • Identity service (//services/identity). ◦ Helped migrate to the new IdentityManager API ◦ Weekly status report at identity-service-dev ML ◦ Current status: completed
  26. Time representation • Problem: different ways used to represent time

    throughout chromium: base::Time, WTF::Time and even doubles! • Solution: Migrate to base::Time and remove wtf/time.h. • Result: Migrated usage of WTF::Time to base::Time, doubles to base::Time{Ticks,Delta}, tests using clock overrides to using TestMockTimeTaskRunner and removed wtf/time.h. Partial migration of doubles in the Blink animation engine, though https://crbug.com/919383
  27. {Once,Repeating}Callback • Problem: lots of places using Callback and Bind(),

    which are aliases of RepeatingCallback and BindRepeating(), when the registered callback will be called only one time: difficult to reason about ownership and object’s lifetime. • Solution: audit usages of Callback and Bind() to find and convert cases to OnceCallback and BindOnce() when possible. • Result: migrated net::CompletionCallback for now. https://crbug.com/714018
  28. CrossThreadBind{Once,Repeating} • Problem: Blink’s WTF::Bind and WTF::BindRepeating() don’t ensure that

    callbacks posted to different task runners properly pass/copy their parameters across threads. • Solution: implement CrossThreadBindOnce() and rename CrossThreadBindRepeating() so that both rely on the CrossDataCopier data structure, ensuring thread-safety. • Result: Completed https://crbug.com/963574
  29. Migration of GC-able classes to FastMalloc • Problem: all blink

    objects should be managed by the garbage collector or PartitionAlloc from the memory management perspective, otherwise objects can create dangling pointers or memory leaks. • Solution: migrate usages of malloc() for garbage-collectable objects to using the FastMalloc partition instead. • Result: Completed https://crbug.com/919389
  30. Migration to downcast helpers • Problem: Old implementation was implemented

    using C++ macros (ToSubclass[OrNull,Checked]), which are unsafe and problematic to debug while testing/fuzzing • Solution: replace old C++ casting macros with a new and safer implementation relying on C++ type traits: IsA<T>, To<T>... • Result: work in progress, with 180+ CLs landed so far (~50%) https://crbug.com/891908
  31. Migration to precise-width integers • Problem: C++ standard doesn’t specify

    the specific size of each integer type, and sizes of integral types in C++ can vary. • Solution: Replace imprecise-width integers with precise-width ones in chromium: long long -> int64, short -> int16_t... • Result: Completed (+ added presubmit warnings for banned types) https://crbug.com/929940
  32. Migration to WTF containers • Problem: banned std:: containers being

    wrongly used in many places of Blink, in violation of the coding guidelines. • Solution: Replace usage of std::map, std::multimap, std::unordered_{set,map}, std::set, std::deque, and std::vector with equivalent types from WTF. • Result: Completed except for boundaries around Blink. (+ added presubmit warnings for banned types) https://crbug.com/952716
  33. Removal of WTF::RefVector • Problem: WTF::RefVector was not broadly used

    in Blink as it’s essentially base::RefCountedData<WTF::Vector<T>> • Solution: Migrate WTF::RefVector to base::RefCountedData and remove the old type. • Result: Completed https://crbug.com/955618
  34. Removal of CString from Blink • Problem: despite having WTF::String,

    CString was used to represents series of 8-bit characters, usually ASCII or UTF-8, which required doing conversions when moving from/to Blink. • Solution: replace CString with std::string so that calls to Blink methods like String::Ascii(), String::Latin1() or String::Utf8() now return an std::string. • Result: Completed https://crbug.com/950077
  35. Remove unneeded Create() methods • Problem: using Create() methods for

    garbage collectable classes that simply call MakeGarbageCollected<T> to create the instances are not needed and against the coding style. • Solution: replace usages of those Create() methods for with direct calls to MakeGarbageCollected<T>. • Result: Work in progress (~50%) https://crbug.com/939691
  36. Summary Area Progress Area Progress Onion Soup 1.0 WIP (87%)

    CrossThreadBind{Once,Repeating} Completed Mojo: migration to the new types WIP (84%) Migration of GC-able classes to FastMalloc Completed Mojo: BrowserInterfaceBroker WIP (47%) Migration to downcast helpers WIP (50%) Mojo: relocation of .mojom files Completed Migration to precise-width integers Completed Servification: Network & Identity Completed Migration to WTF containers Completed Time representation: wtf/time.h Completed Removal of WTF::RefVector Completed Time representation: doubles Partial Removal of CString from Blink Completed {Once,Repeating}Callback net:: only Removal of Create() methods WIP (50%)
  37. Credit Igalians contributing to this work: Abhijeet Kandalkar Antonio Gomes

    Gyuyoung Kim Henrique Ferreiro Jacobo Aragunde Julie Jeongeun Kim Mario Sánchez Prada Miyoung Shin Sergio Villar Senin Thanks to the many reviewers who helped Camille Lamy Colin Blundell Daniel Cheng Dave Tapuska David Roger Dominick NG Guido Urdaneta Jeremy Roman ... John Abd-El-Malek Ken Rockot Kentaro Hara Kinuko Yasuda Lowell Manners Matt Menke Oksana Zhuravlova Sylvain Defresne ...