Objective-C Created in 1986 by Tom Love and Brad Cox Marriage of C with Smalltalk Dynamic language, runs natively not on/in a virtual machine. Simply put, it’s a superset of C, with OO and dynamic features. Steve Jobs at Next adopted it, later Mac OSX was based on it.
Language Basics It is C, so you can use all the features and libraries available to C. Basic building blocks: Classes, defined by interfaces Value types (Structs, primitives, etc.) Pointers are needed when referring to objects. Function pointers are achieved through Blocks pointers...
Messaging? Yes, in the dynamic world you’re sending a message to an object, and at runtime the system will try to find a method (or property) with that matching name and params to then execute. A good analogy is to think of a class as a dictionary, with a key-value system.
Make an implementation file Notice the #import statements, there are no namespaces in Obj-C. What we’re used to. Remember, no need for interface in C# to create a class
must be defined in the interface Implementation follows standard practice of setting self to result of base init must return self Constructors are called Initializers in Obj-C
Allocating and Initializing a Class must call alloc first on the class then call init with the result of alloc custom initializer id can be used to represent any type
Notes on Obj-C inheritance It’s like (if not the same) as Ruby. if you want to override a base method, simply name it the same, have the same return type and params. No need to mark things virtual, or use the new keyword, override, etc. Inheritance is everywhere in Objective-C/Cocoa, where as in C# interfaces and Composition are encouraged.
Back to methods - indicates the method is an instance method + indicates a “class” method, static in the C# lingo. All methods and properties in the interface section are visible to the caller or subclass. @private at the top of the implementation section can list methods you want to be private.
Extending a class How is it done in C#? Objective-C calls them Categories, they work in the same way extending in Ruby works (almost). ( catName ) tells compiler it’s a category will add DoFoo to any instance of Base
If @required or @optional are not marked above methods in the protocol (the 2 can be mixed), then it’s required by default. if the method was marked @optional, then the adopter/conformer doesn’t have to implement the method But caller of the class needs to check if the method is implemented use reflection to test conformity and implementation of an optional method
You were in charge of managing objects on your own with the pre-defined rules on when to retain, release and/or set to nil. Doing this incorrectly could cause memory leaks. iOS 5 brought ARC, or Automatic Reference Counting. Simply put, the compiler adds the appropriate release, retains where they’re needed.
nil is special desc will now be nil, no exception is thrown. can’t do this in C#, unless it was a bool if statements fail if condition is nil or null (works on value and object types)
KeyValueObserving This is a feature added by the Foundation framework, but it’s cool enough to be on the list *”KVO provides a mechanism that allows objects to be notified of changes to specific properties of other objects.” - Apple documentation
call addObserver method from NSObject to setup the KVO implement observeValueForKeyPath to complete the functionality method will catch all changes of any properties, so set logic for change you’re interested in
There’s not an equivalent to Generics in C#. Mainly because of the dynamic nature, much like Ruby. Obj-C discourages method chaining, because it becomes more unreadable unlike other languages. Less hand holding than what VS and the C# compiler offers. Like Rails, CocoaTouch has MVC baked in, it’s the preferred way to build applications. Because iOS apps generally aren’t enterprise, you won’t see complex DDD layers and architectures.
Cocoapods is the NuGet/Gems equivalent. The standard Unit Test framework that ships is called OCUnit. Much like NUnit, JUnit, etc. There’s also plenty of BDD, Specification testing options as well. Apple documentation is great, much better than MSDN.
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