Logical Fallacies - The Black-or-White Fallacy

Critical Thinking

Transcript

1. LOGICAL FALLACIES
3. BLACK-OR-WHITE WITH AD HOMINEM • You presented two alternative states as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist.
4. • This fallacy is used a lot in the marketing
5. BLACK-OR-WHITE (FALSE DILEMMA) A false dilemma can arise intentionally, when a fallacy is used in an attempt to force a choice or outcome.
6. EXAMPLE: • Whilst rallying support for his plan to fundamentally undermine citizens' rights, the Supreme Leader told the people they were either on his side, or they were on the side of the enemy.
7. EXAMPLE: • There are a lot of black-or-white (either-or) fallacies in politics.
8. HOW TO AVOID OR SPOT THE EITHER–OR FALLACY • Be open-minded • Find alternatives • Look from different side