Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application

Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Dhaka-1216 January 2021

i Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application A Project Report Developed by
Md. Shah Alam Iqbal Md. Nurjaman Ali Chayan Das Gupta 26th Intake 26th Intake 26th Intake ID: 2203020 ID: 2203039 ID: 2203010 Section: 01 Section: 01 Section: 01 Supervised by Ms. Iffat Tamanna Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) Mirpur-2, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh In partial fulfillment of the award of the degree Of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING At BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY (BUBT) RUPNAGAR, MIRPUR-2, DHAKA-1216, BANGLADESH January 2021

ii ABSTRACT An Architecture for Integrating Multi-vendor Catalogs in e-commerce
“Quicky” Internet-based e-commerce sites are currently playing a prominent role in online shopping by their existing and prospective clients. However, there's a problem, when an individual user wants to collect information from competing online stores. Within the current e-commerce world, stores aren't connected seamlessly, except in a few cases where the stores belong to a similar vendor. Each online marketplace requires different go-browsing procedures, features a separate set of rules for fulfilling orders, and, quite likely, features a different business model for charging for its services. During this major report, we study the evolution of online-based e-commerce and therefore the Consumer's perspective on such systems.[1] We identify two major shortcomings within the current generation of e-commerce systems: (a) Lack of infrastructure for buyers to quickly and simply obtain product information from multiple vendors and (b) Lack of consistent interface across data retrieved from multiple sources. We present during this report a knowledge Integration System to resolve these shortcomings. The proposed System architecture uses a 3-fold solution: the online (web), which makes e-commerce accessible to anyone with a browser, extensible terminology or markup language (HTML), which allows information on disparate systems to be shared; and industry standards like common ontology and Document Type Definition (DTD) that outline protocols for various transactions. The system feasibility is demonstrated by developing a prototype using Laravel for PHP. [2]

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of this project could have been
a more difficult task without the encouragement and useful suggestions extended to us by our class teacher. We wish to extend our gratitude to all those who contributed greatly with their support and above all making our project successful. Our class teacher evaluated the project and gave us valuable suggestions from a lecturer's point of view. Our university was brave enough to take a risk by participating in the research so that we could have first- hand information. Finally, the ultimate responsibility of writing this project was entirely mine, and will welcome suggestions and criticism. Md. Shah Alam Iqbal (2203020) Md. Nurjaman Ali (2203039) Chayan Das Gupta (2203010)

iv DECLARATION We declare that this thesis and the work
presented in it are our own and have been generated by us as the result of our original research. We confirm that: • This Work is done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University; • This thesis work has not been previously submitted for any degree at this university or any other educational institutes; • We have quoted from the work of others; the source is always given. Except for such quotations, this thesis is entirely our work; Signature Signature Signature …………………………….. ……………………………. …………………………….. Md. Shah Alam Iqbal Md. Nurjaman Ali Chayan Das Gupta ID: 2203020 ID: 2203039 ID: 2203010

v © Copyright by Md. Shah Alam Iqbal (2203020), Nurjaman
Ali (2203039) and Md. Chayan Das Gupta (2203010) All Right Reserved

vi DEDICATION Dedicated to our parents for all their love
and inspiration and our teacher for her constant encouragement that has led to the success of this project.

vii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Md. Shah Alam
Iqbal, Md. Nurjaman Ali, Chayan Das Gupta are students of B.Sc. in CSE and have completed their thesis work titled “Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application” satisfactorily in partial fulfillment for the requirement of B.Sc. in CSE. Bangladesh University of Business and Technology in the year 2021. _______________________________ Project Supervisor (Ms. Iffat Tamanna) Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT)

viii APPROVAL This Thesis “Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application” was Submitted
by Md. Shah Alam Iqbal, Md. Nurjaman Ali, Chayan Das Gupta and ID NO: 2203020, 2203039, 2203010 Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE), Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) under the supervision of Ms. Iffat Tamanna, Assistant Professor and Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) has been accepted as satisfactory for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) and approved as to its style and contents. --------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Supervisor: Chairman: Ms Iffat Tamanna Md. Saifur Rahman Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor & Chairman (Acting), Department of CSE, BUBT Department of CSE, BUBT

ix ABBREVIATION AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript and XML API Application program
interface ASP Application service provider B2B Business to business B2C Business to consumer CLV Customer lifetime value CRM Customer relationship management CSS Cascading style sheets CTA Call to action CPU Central Processing Unit DM Direct mail DMP Data management platform DNS Domain name system FTP File transfer protocol HTML Hypertext Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure IP Internet Protocol ISP Internet service provider IIS Internet Information Services OS Operating system PHP Hypertext Preprocessor POS Point of sale SEO Search engine optimization SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol UI User interface URL Uniform resource locator XML Extensible Markup Language RAM Random Access Memory WWW World Wide Web

x Table of Content ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii DECLARATION iv
DEDICATION vi CERTIFICATE vii APPROVAL viii ABBREVIATION ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Existing System 4 1.3 Motivation 10 1.4 Objectives of the project 11 1.5 Contribution 12 1.6 Organization of project 13 1.7 Conclusions 14 Chapter 2: Existing System & Literature Review 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Existing System 15 2.3 Supporting Literature 15 2.4 Analysis of Existing System 28 2.5 Conclusions 29 Chapter 3: Proposed Model 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Feasibility Study 30 3.3 Requirement Analysis 32 3.4 System Design 33 3.4.1 Entity Relationship Diagram 34 3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram 35 3.4.3 Use Case Diagram 35 3.4.4 User Interface 36 3.4.5 Physical Design 39 3.4.5.1 Database Design 41 3.5 Program Evaluation and Review Technique 44 3.6 Conclusions 45 Chapter 4: Experimental Results 46 4.1 Introduction 46 4.2 Page Load Time and Performance 46 4.3 Functional Testing 47 4.4 Usability Testing 49 4.5 Security Testing 50 4.6 Compatibility Testing 51

xi 4.7 Contents Review 52 4.8 Conclusions 53 Chapter 5:
User Manual 54 5.1 Introduction 54 5.2 Hardware Requirements 54 5.3 Software Requirements 55 5.4 User Interface Design 57 5.5 Conclusions 68 Chapter 6: Conclusions 69 6.1 Conclusions 69 6.2 Limitation 69 6.3 Future Works 71 List of Figures xi List of Tables xii References 72 Appendix A: Firefox Browser Developer Edition 73 Appendix B: Visual Studio Code 73 Appendices C: Composer 74 Appendices D: Xampp 74 Appendices E: Edraw Max 75 List of Figures Figure 2.3.10.1: Balancing DFD 24 Figure 2.3.11.4: UML of Online Shopping System 26 Figure 3.4.1.1: E-R Diagram of Online Shopping System 34 Figure 3.4.2.1: D-F Diagram of Online Shopping System 35 Figure 3.4.3.1: UML of Online Shopping System 36 Figure 3.4.4.1: Home Page Layout 37 Figure 3.4.4.2: Carousel or Slider of Home Page Layout 37 Figure 3.4.4.5: Form of HomePage Layout 39 Figure 3.4.4.6: Zoom-in/out of HomePage Layout 39 Figure 4.3.1: Seller registration form of online shopping system 48 Figure 4.3.2: Navigation bar of online shopping system 48 Figure 4.3.3: Authentication of user login of online shopping system 48 Figure 4.4.1: Responsive Design of Online Shopping System 49 Figure 4.4.2: Visual experience of Online Shooping System 49 Figure 5.4.1.1: Home Page of Online Shopping System 58 Figure 5.4.1.2: Search Bar of Online Shopping System 58 Figure 5.4.1.3: Navigation Menu of Online Shopping System 59 Figure 5.4.1.4: Product List of Online Shopping System 59 Figure 5.4.1.5: Product Details Page of Online Shoppin System 60 Figure 5.4.1.6: Filtering and Sorting Options of Online Shopping System 60 Figure 5.4.1.7: Contact and Support Information of Online Shopping System 61 Figure 5.4.1.8: Footer of Online Shopping System 61

xii Figure 5.4.2.1: Customer or User’s Dashboard of Online Shopping
System 62 Figure 5.4.2.2: Shopping Cart of Online Shopping System 62 Figure 5.4.2.3: Checkout Process of Online Shopping System 62 Figure 5.4.2.4: Payment Methods of Online Shopping System 63 Figure 5.4.2.5: Order Confirmation Page of Online Shopping System 63 Figure 5.4.2.6: Wishlist of Online Shopping System 63 Figure 5.4.2.7: Review from Customer Panel of Online Shopping System 64 Figure 5.4.2.8: Customer’s Review from Product Details Page of Online Shopping System 64 Figure 5.4.3.1: Vendor or Seller’s Dashboard of Online Shopping System 65 Figure 5.4.3.2: Product Management of Online Shopping System 65 Figure 5.4.3.3: Order Management from Seller Dashboard of Online Shopping System 65 Figure 5.4.3.4: Transaction History from Seller Dashboard of Online Shopping System 66 Figure 5.4.3.5: Money Withdrawal from Seller Dashboard of Online Shopping System 66 Figure 5.4.4.1: Administrative Dashboard of Online Shopping System 66 Figure 5.4.4.2: Vendor Registration and Approval of Online Shopping System 67 Figure 5.4.4.3: Order Management from Admin Dashboard of Online Shopping System 67 Figure 5.4.4.4: Transaction History from Admin Dashboard of Online Shopping System 67 Figure 5.4.4.5: Shipping and Logistics Integration of Online Shopping System 68 Figure 5.4.4.6: Legal and Compliance of Online Shopping System 68 List of Tables Table 3.4.5.1.1: “Admin” Login Table 41 Table 3.4.5.1.2: “Products” data table 42 Table 3.4.5.1.3: Customer “Order” data table 42 Table 3.4.5.1.4: “Brands” data table 43 Table 3.4.5.1.5: “Categories” data table 44

1 Chapter-1 Introduction The Internet and e-commerce are changing the
very foundation of many businesses. Over 200 million users and 60,000 commercial websites traded over $7.9 billion USD in 1999. It's predicted that Internet e-commerce will reach 1.4 trillion US dollars by the year 2003 [URI-I, URL2]. Businesses are turning to e-commerce to assist lower the prices, improve customer relationships and increase productivity. Customers are shopping online for increased choice, convenience, better information, and lower cost. The introduction of the online and therefore the browser within the early 1990's opened a replacement age by combining the open Internet and therefore the easy user interface. The online has hastened the convergence of content and transmission, so that stored data will be quickly and simply accessed through the open networks. The Web and the Internet has brought e-commerce within the reach of thousands of businesses with millions of consumers, fueling rapid evolution of e-commerce. 1.1 Introduction The introduction of the online and therefore the browser within the early 1990's opened a replacement age by combining the open Internet and therefore the easy user interface. The online has hastened the convergence of content and transmission, so that stored data will be quickly and simply accessed through the open networks. The Web and the Internet has brought e-commerce within the reach of thousands of businesses with millions of consumers, fueling rapid evolution of e-commerce. What is e-commerce? e-commerce refers to any sort of business transaction conducted online. The foremost popular example of e-commerce is online shopping, which is defined as buying and selling of products via the web on any device. However, e-commerce also can entail other kinds of activities, like online auctions, payment gateways, online ticketing, and internet banking. What is multi-Vendor e-commerce? Multi-vendor e-commerce platforms could also be an efficient solution for our online business. Using the proper tool, we'll make our website more attractive and professional, creating an impact that our business is authentic. These platforms and e-commerce software solutions are created by professionals who have long experience in making websites, including customer management, handcart, order processing, product catalog, order fulfillment, accounting, order monitoring, payments and tracking, internal control, and billing. Our own website is going to be unique because it also can be customized with these solutions. The “Multi-Vendor E-commerce Platform” is one such e-commerce software solution that we simply can install on our website. As an owner of a multi-vendor e-commerce platform, we'll keep track of the various vendors and their products. We'll have our own contact information for them. The vendors and their contact information are going to be available for us on our site. We'll do a price comparison of the products on our site and choose the simplest deal.

2 Major advantages of using this type of online store
is we'll have more variety on our products compared to other options. we'll add all sorts of products. we'll add knowledgeable or professional looking design and graphics and we'll create more trust and credibility. Another important feature of a multi-vendor e-commerce website is, we'll find various different items in our site. We'll find different products in several categories. We'll sell a good range of products. The main advantage of getting a multi-vendor e-commerce website is we'll make our site look more professional. With a highly professional website we'll attract more visitors. It's time to travel for the multi-vendor e-commerce website to urge more visitors. The Different e-commerce Business Models e-commerce is usually classified into three different models supporting the sort of participants involved within the transaction: B2B, B2C, and C2C. broadly these business models are-  Business to Business (B2B): B2B is when businesses sell to other businesses. This is often typical of stationery stores who sell office equipment in bulk to businesses. Normally B2B companies provide a reduced rate per unit if customers stock bulk which it's great motivation for offices to avail of.  Business to Consumer (B2C): B2C is the most ordinarily thought of business model where merchants sell to consumers who buy a little amount of produce. A well-known example of the B2C model would be supermarkets where consumers buy their shopping weekly but they wouldn’t normally bulk buy anything.  Consumer to Consumer (C2C): C2C could be a relatively new business model where consumers who previously bought something seek to resell this item to a different consumer. Through marketplaces like eBay and Craigslist, this will be easy and quite lucrative for selling items that you simply do not have a use for.  Consumer to Business (C2B): The C2B model, is when a consumer sells their own products/goods or services to a business/organization. This might be a photographer selling their photography to a business.  Business to Govt. Agencies and Govt. to Business (B2G & G2B): When a business sells its products or services to the government using a network , it falls into the B2G e-commerce category and therefore the other way around is G2B.  Business-to-Administration (B2A): The online transactions involve many companies and public administration and that refer to Business to administration e-commerce. It includes the different types of services and products which are exchanged with each other and also includes employment, security, legal documents.  Consumer-to-Administration (C2A): The online transactions include between individuals and public administration offices by C2A e-commerce businesses. Tax offices and online healthcare service providers are sorts of C2A e-commerce businesses. The Benefits of e-commerce Indeed, with the web becoming an important requirement of lifestyle , businesses are learning to require advantage of the various benefits of e-commerce, the foremost notable of which include:

3 ▪ Global market: A physical store will always be
limited by a geographic area it can serve. a web store, or the other sort of e-commerce business for that matter, has the entire world as its market. Going from an area customer base to a worldwide market at no additional cost is basically one among the best advantages of trading online. In 2018, 11.9% of worldwide retail sales came from online purchases and this is often only set to extend year on year. ▪ Around-the-clock availability: Another great advantage of running a web business is that it's always open. For a merchant, it’s a dramatic increase in sales opportunities; for a customer, it’s a convenient and immediately available option. Unrestricted by the working hours, e- commerce businesses can serve customers 24/7/365. ▪ Reduced costs: e-commerce businesses have the benefit of significantly lower running costs. As there’s no got to hire staff or maintain a physical storefront, the main e-commerce costs are warehousing and merchandise storage. and people running a drop shipping business enjoy even lower upfront investment requirements. As merchants are ready to save on operational costs, they will offer better deals and discounts to their customers. ▪ Inventory management: The e-commerce businesses can automate their e-commerce inventory management by using electronic tools to accelerate ordering, delivery and payment procedures. It’s able to save businesses billions in operational and inventory costs. ▪ Targeted marketing: With access to such a wealth of customer data and a chance to stay an eye fixed on customer buying habits also because of the emerging industry trends, e-commerce businesses can stay agile and e-commerce businesses shape their marketing efforts to supply a better-tailored experience and also find more new customers. Just consider for a flash that you simply have an opportunity to deal with thousands of your customers by their first name; that's something already. ▪ Serving niche markets: Running a distinct segment brick-and-mortar business is often tough. Scaling a distinct segment product to become popular is effortful. By tapping into a worldwide market, on the opposite hand, e-commerce retailers can build a highly profitable niche business with none further investment. Using online search capabilities, customers from any corner of the planet can find and buy your products. ▪ Working from anywhere: Often, running an e-commerce business means you don’t get to sit in an office from 9 to five or suffer through a commute day-in and day-out. A laptop and an honest internet connection is all it takes to manage your business from anywhere within the world. The Advantage of e-commerce Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, is the term used to describe the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has increased in popularity and usage over the past few years and provides both consumers and businesses with a number of benefits, including: ▪ Low Financial Cost: The advantage of e-commerce is that it's a lower startup cost. ▪ 24/7 Potential Income: The advantage of e-commerce is that online stores are always open for business 24/7 (hours/days).

4 ▪ Sell Internationally: The advantage of e-commerce is that
a replacement brand can easily sell their goods to customers worldwide. ▪ Easy to Showcase Bestsellers: The advantage of e-commerce is that benefits like displaying best-sellers make it easier to point out products to your customers. ▪ Personalized Online Experience: The advantage of e-commerce is that personalization of websites can help enhance the online shopping experience. ▪ Affordable Employees: The advantage of e-commerce is that recruiting representatives is reasonable and, as referenced previously, we can enlist from anyplace on the planet. ▪ Easier to Encourage Impulse Buy: The advantage of e-commerce is that we simply can maximize impulse buying as online shoppers are more inclined to partake during this . If we've got attractive product photography, with vibrant color or human emotion, we'll create ads that drive impulse buys. ▪ Easy to Retarget or Remarket to Customer: The advantage of e-commerce is that it’s easy to make retargeting ads to succeed in bent customers in our area when running a online business, making it one among the foremost profitable e-commerce benefits. The Disadvantage of e-commerce While e-commerce offers many advantages, it also comes with several disadvantages and challenges that businesses and consumers should be aware of: ▪ No One Can Buy During a Site Crash: The disadvantage of e-commerce is that anyone can’t purchase from our store if our site crashes. ▪ Customers Can’t Try Before They Buy: The disadvantage of e-commerce is that any customers can’t try their goods/products before they buy it. ▪ E-commerce Is Highly Competitive: Battling for customers is another one among the worst e- commerce disadvantages. The truth is that the best niches are often the foremost competitive for web search engines. ▪ Shipping Times Can Be Lengthy: Customers consider shipping times to be one among the worst e-commerce disadvantages. 1.2 Existing Systems E-commerce systems are complex and encompass a variety of components and technologies to facilitate online buying and selling. These systems can vary significantly based on the specific needs of a business, but here are some key components and existing systems commonly used in e-commerce: Amazon (amazon.com): “Amazon” Founded by Jeff Bezos, consistent with Alexa, Amazon is currently ranked the 14th most popular website worldwide, and 3rd within the US . Amazon is a web- based enterprise business that sells amazon kindle, movies, music, electronics, toys, housewares and also lots of other product/goods, either directly the agent among other retailers and also Amazon.com’s a lot of customers. Its online services business includes cloud computing resources, its called “Cloud Computing" and renting data storage.

5 Figure 1.2.1: Home Page of amazon.com Alibaba (alibaba.com): "Alibaba"
is a web platform that connects among manufacturers and wholesalers in China to individuals and also businesses round the world looking to trade/resell. Users buy goods for their business that then re-sell or use, or register to be a distributor/supplier for looking to use "Alibaba" as a selling business platform. Figure 1.2.2: Home Page of alibaba.com Taobao (taobao.com): “Taobao” is the Chinese sort of Amazon or eBay. Maybe we recognize nothing about it but it’s a million markets that allow us to shop whatever we wish. Taobao is a great saviour for all since it saves our money and satisfies us. It's an outsized and profitable Customer-to-Customer (C2C) online platform. Jack Ma after founding Alibaba decided to determine Taobao.com that became popular within the world. Selling on this website relies on gross trading volume. In China, it’s ranked 6th.

6 Figure 1.2.3: Home Page of taobao.com Tmall (tmall.com): “Tmall”
was also founded by Jack Ma. It has a global ranking of 15 and a rank of 1 in China. "Tmall" is a popular marketplace online in China where many international brands have opened their stores so as to extend their number of customers. "Tmall" is part of "Alibaba.com" that the e-commerce platform in China has reduced its success through the recent IPO on the "New York" stock market. Due to that, the company has increased its trendiness and recognition abroad. Figure 1.2.4: Home Page of tmall.com AliExpress (aliexpress.com): “AliExpress” was founded by Jack Ma. It’s currently ranked 40th in the world and 23rd in the United States according to Alexa. Thousands of e-commerce companies have benefited from the popularity of "Alibaba" and "AliExpress," two business sites. These two platforms are sister companies owned by the same company, Alibaba Group, which is the world's largest online retailer.

7 Figure 1.2.5: Home Page of aliexpress.com eBay (ebay.com): “eBay”
is a global online marketplace and trade platform established in 1995 by American entrepreneur Pierre Omidyar. On Alexa, the e-commerce site is ranked 33 globally, and 9th in the US. “eBay” is among the first businesses to develop and promote a website that connects buyers and sellers of products and services over the Internet. The e-commerce group, which caters to individual vendors and small companies, is a global industry leader. Figure 1.2.6: Home Page of ebay.com Most popular existing e-commerce sites in the Bangladesh: Rokomari (rokomari.com): “Rokomari” is an online book-selling company having all quiet books in storage. This is often one among the renowned e-commerce based companies in Bangladesh which started its journey on 19 January 2012 by books. Now alongside the books, it's included computer accessories and thinking to incorporate fashion accessories on their product list. It also provides the

8 attractive discount policy up to twenty in terms of
buying product and takes only 30 tk as delivery fee on any amount of purchase. consistent with Socialbakers, rokomari is the 1st top rated e-commerce business having 20, 41,227 likes on Facebook. This is often also 228th ranked e-commerce company in Bangladesh and 55430th in global also improved up to 2,286 positions in the last 3 months, consistent with Alexa. Figure 1.2.7: Home Page of rokomari.com Daraz (daraz.com): “Daraz” is a world online fashion shopping platform which offers international products to the consumers. It started its journey in Bangladesh in March 2015 and therefore is the sister concern company of Rocket Internet. It's a huge collection of international and branded collections. It also gives a free return opportunity in terms of buying products. Sometimes it announces some big deals for purchasers. It gives the chance for various payment options like debit/credit cards, cash on delivery, bkash etc. to their buyers. Figure 1.2.8: Home Page of daraz.com

9 Ajkerdeal (ajkerdeal.com): “Ajkerdeal” is that marketplace where buyers can
easily find their daily necessary things. It offers the daily necessary deals at an inexpensive cost to their buyers. It sells fashion and wonder accessories and electronics appliances beside other households’ daily necessary things. Besides all kinds of payment methods, it gives the EMI opportunity. It's the sister company of bdjobs– the largest job site in Bangladesh and ran as a business from 2011, 19th November. Figure 1.2.9: Home Page of ajkerdeal.com Pickaboo (pickaboo.com): “Pickaboo” is the most up-to-date popular e-commerce shop in Bangladesh and this journey started in 2016. Despite being new within the journey, it's reached a major level of success and ranked 5th in terms of recognition , consistent with Socialbaker. It sells the fashionable electronics appliances on its product list. Now there's no got to leave or search for the simplest electronics products. Pickaboo is promised to succeed in the authentic product to our doorsteps. Figure 1.2.10: Home Page of pickaboo

10 1.3 Motivation Modern e-commerce is about far more than
simply offering products online. On one hand, the increasing accessibility of the web on a range of devices has made it easier than ever for people to browse and complete transactions online. As an example, mobile e-commerce via web browsers and dedicated apps is on the increase , meaning more people are choosing to buy and buy on the go. While this exposes great potential for retailers to attach with shoppers, it also means competition to try and do so is fierce. Building trust is a serious matter, 81% of internet buyers are worried while shopping on an unfamiliar website. Lack of trust could cause revenue losses and also a long-term loss of clients. Is there how to empower and establish long-term ties with inexperienced users? Now, we explore how motivations can turn users into customers and their effects on the business of e-commerce. Types of Motivations: There are some reasons we are motivated to do that project.  Extrinsic Motivators: Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that's driven by external rewards like money, fame, grades, and praise. This sort of motivation arises from outside the individual, as against intrinsic motivation, which originates inside the individual. Our first idea in creating website content is that extrinsic motivators have more impact. What might be better than saving money? do that thing, get that reward. Freebies, limited time offers, discounts: these are what motivate people online. Or are they? We must remain cognizant of personalization of the user experience, always upgrading and redesigning the web site per the eternal question of users: “What about me?” This question is often answered on the most effective websites. However, how the approach has been established is essential to learning more about what motivates people. External motivators appear to possess a bigger influence on producing website content like buying this item and following their social media accounts. These are the incentives users use for web services like freebies, timed deals and discounts. Many would believe extrinsic motivation relies on materialism: a brand new television, a larger home, the proper holiday. These outward rewards would please us.  Intrinsic Motivators: Intrinsic motivator or motivation refers to behavior that's driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to interact during a behavior arises from within the individual because it's naturally satisfying to us. This contrasts with extrinsic motivation, which involves engaging during a behavior so as to earn external rewards or avoid punishment. In reality, customers want quite a simple solution and a shiny reward. They spend longer finding and shopping with businesses that are in line with their views, values, and lifestyles. More information, choices and time are available to users. Once we check out our screens, we question our extrinsic motivators and weigh our choices.

11 Self-sustaining instincts not only empower users. During a connected
culture without prosody that creates nuances and tones distinguishable from the opposite, customers became more attentive to the old marketing ploys directed at extrinsic motivation. A Nielsen study on advertisement styles reveals that advertisements that interrupt assumed power are often accustomed discredit users. This is often a true challenge for semiotic but also for e-commerce messaging. 1.4 Objectives of the Project The e-commerce business drives profitable growth with reduction is developing customer-reach, cost- to-customer and providing a singular customer experience. it's become quite essential for B2B (Business to Business) also as other businesses to form the proper use of e-commerce. Below are the some objectives of e-commerce: • Reduce Management Costs: Automatically and significantly the business can help in reducing the cost of business management. Moreover, the proper use of digital marketing can help in reducing the cost which is spent on driving customers to such an extent that businesses can bring customers for free of charge. • Developing Business Relations: With e-commerce because the primary use, business development are often easily achieved. The direct communication between a company and therefore the customer, the relationship is often boosted. Eventually, the e-commerce market shall be expanded. • Providing a Unique Customer Experience: Uncountable e-commerce businesses are functioning out there within the market. When a customer searches for a particular product (for instance, shampoo), they're going to probably click on the first three links that are shown on the Google Search Engine Results Page. All the remaining links are either avoided, never seen, or are visited by some. This itself shows the competition within the e-commerce market. One of the simplest ways to face out from the group is by providing a unique customer experience. This includes giving a customized experience to every customer or visitor of our online store, website, or mobile app. Other tips that could be considered are around the clock customer service, immediate responses to the queries raised, engaging with the customers, and so on. • Increasing the Number of Loyal Customers: Customers are the core of all business strategies. Therefore, ensuring the great customer experience is of prime importance for the growth of the business. We need to meet our customers where they spend their time. More than 60% of consumers look for purchasing goods and services online. If we meet our customers where they are already active, the chances of them interacting with our business increases two folds. We can increase the number of loyal customers by giving the best experience to our already existing customers as well as bring in newer customers. • Boosting the Efficiency of Services: With the continually evolving technology, we would like to boost the efficiency of our services. By choosing a web e-commerce platform to make an online store, we'll efficiently reduce the price of managing and selling online. We've got various opportunities to boost the efficiency of our service that eventually enhances the revenue earned. By reducing the delivery time, we'll witness happy customers getting back to our business twice faster. Otherwise is to provide our customers with automated services like status update, invoice creating, chat support, etc. Once we update our efficiency of delivering products or services to our customers, we're creating a powerful online presence that helps us sell more.

12 • Developing Relevant Targets: Developing relevant traffic for an
e-commerce business is a common objective. Whether an e-commerce website or an online store, building traffic is one among the foremost important objectives. However, we should know that not all traffic is helpful for our business. If we're successfully creating traffic for our e-commerce site or store, but most of the people within the traffic don't require the products or services we provide, the traffic isn't causing any good to our business. As an example , our marketing strategies were attractive enough for teenagers; our business wouldn't be receiving any boost in sales. Therefore, beside boosting our traffic, we would like to research our traffic. Here comes the necessity for collecting customer data. Collecting customer data include demographics like age, location, and gender, customer interests, browsing history, browser history, and so on. By saving these data, we'll aim at targeting the relevant market. • Making Responsive e-commerce Websites: With the increasing use of smartphones for shopping online, it's become over mandatory for e-commerce businesses to go mobile. Aside from creating a native mobile app, just like the one offered from Builderfly, you would like to make a responsive e-commerce website. It's one among the main objectives of all leading e- commerce businesses. By responsive, it means to make a website that may be viewed from any devices of varying screen size, equally. Studies say that Google may next rank a website that supports its mobile website. It means any website that includes a responsive design would be ranked on top of the website that doesn't have one. Making our e-commerce website responsive can assist us optimize it. A mobile-friendly website earns more traffic than the remainder. • Increasing Sales: The objective of accelerating sales will always remain continuous and constant for an e-commerce business. So as to thrive within the e-commerce industry, we would like to boost our sales, constantly. All other objectives are zeroed right down to make this objective happen. However, we furthermore may need to consider our past store analytics and figure out the marketing tactics that have worked well for us to extend sales. Although these objectives could assist us in gaining sales, nothing can beat the tried and tested marketing tactics for our business. As an example, the products that are sold the foremost, ideally the best seller are often used for remarketing and grab more attention. Any marketing strategy we used earlier including the e-mail targeting and traffic boosting tactics must be revisited and worked upon to extend sales. Supporting the above-mentioned objectives and therefore the marketing tactics that really worked for us, we would like to design our marketing plan. Only we'll decide what's perfect for our business and what's not. Every business is unique, then is ours! 1.5 Contribution he contribution of an e-commerce project can vary depending on its objectives, scale, and execution. However, here are some common contributions and benefits that e-commerce projects can bring to a business: ▪ Economic Development: The major production elements of this new economy, knowledge and information. During this context, innovation and technical progress have made a significant contribution to durable economic development. ▪ Search Engine: In our system customers can search for their preferable products and are also ready to find the needed products.

13 ▪ Filtering Search: A customer can choose his product
by brand filtering or simply click on the brands name. And another most significant implemented function is the price range module. By this module a user can set the value between minimum to maximum price by his ability. Our system also contains the category option so that customers can choose their product by category. ▪ User Interface: There's a very easy choice to add to cart for his or her preferable products and that they can order any product during a very easy process. Our e-commerce system has a very effective and flexible admin panel so that the admins can manage the entire system very easily. ▪ Manage by Admin: Admin panel provides many functions to manage the system that help it to be easy to use and flexible. One of the foremost important functions is stock availability and stock notification. An admin can see the number of the product or what quantity products are available in our stock. Moreover, admin can see the supply status of empty, low and available products. ▪ Auto Email Messages: Customers will be able to subscribe to their mails. In this they will get notifications of various updated products, offers, events. ▪ Promotion & Discount: Promotion is a marketing technique designed to trigger an emotional response during a customer’s mind, prompting a sale . It offers perceived value through a discount or a better value-for-money index. And a discount is a promotional sale during which select goods are offered at a lower price than normal price. ▪ Blog: Blogs support online businesses, engage more audience or customers and also help to build up topical authority for Search Engine Optimization (SEO). ▪ Information/Report Analysis: We've implemented another most significant feature in our system is a sales report where the admin can see the daily sales report and can also see the one month’s sales report. In the sales report there contains a date picker and the admin can see the report by any date for enquiry on the idea of his/her need. 1.6 Organization of Project ▪ In Chapter: #2 We will describe: Existing System of this Project, Supporting Literature, Analysis of Existing System. ▪ Chapter: #3 We will describe about: Feasibility Study of e-commerce, Technical feasibility, Economical Feasibility, Operational Feasibility, Requirement Analysis of e-commerce, Non-Functional Requirements, Functional Requirements, System Design, Entity relationship diagram (E-R diagram), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Database Design, Implementations, Front End of this Application, Forms Design of this Application, Report Design of the Project, Back End of this Application. ▪ Chapter: #4 We will describe about: Result Analysis, Application ▪ Chapter: #5

14 System Requirements, Hardware Requirements for server desktop, Software Requirements
for server desktop, User Interfaces ▪ Chapter: #6 Conclusions, Limitation, Future Works 1.7 Conclusions Online shopping has become more important as a result of the Internet's emergence as a key resource in contemporary business, both from an entrepreneur's and a customer's perspective. Online shopping creates new business opportunities for the entrepreneur and allows consumers to compare prices. A system for online shopping called "QuiCky" has been implemented. The containing products in this system are electronic.

15 Chapter-2 Existing System & Literature Review 2.1 Introduction The
existing literature on client online purchasing decisions has mainly focused on identifying the factors which affect the willingness of consumers to have interaction in internet shopping. 2.2 Existing System Many customers go for purchasing offline so as to examine the product and hold the possession of the product just after the payment for the product. In this contemporary world customer's loyalty depends upon the consistent ability to deliver quality, value and satisfaction. Offline shopping has a sense of immediacy. You get to possess the item you've purchased the very moment. If we can search and make a list of items that we would like to try while shopping, before actually going out. This way we can be more confident in our purchase and not missing out on anything. This can also help us to decide what areas to visit. And plan such an event with friends. The present scenario for shopping is to go to the shops and market manually then from the available goods list one must choose the item he or she wants then payment for an equivalent item mainly in cash mode is completed, as not every society is well educated and also aware to use mobile banking or online banking debit/credit card modes or wallets etc. This method isn't much user friendly, mutually. has to move to the market physically and so select items only from the available list. So, it's mostly difficult to induce the goods as per our pleasure. Descriptions about the goods are less available and also the most verbal only. For this kind of shopping one has to have ample amount of available or free time. Also not really good markets exist everywhere, so many times good markets become out of reach for certain people. This existing system of buying goods has several disadvantages. It requires lots of time to travel to the particular shop to buy the goods. It is having various manual work. Since most are leading a busy life nowadays, time means a great deal to everyone. Also there are expenses for travelling from house to buy. It's not so user-friendly. In the current system users must go to shop and order goods. It is difficult to identify the required goods. More over the shop from where we would like to buy something may not be open 24*7*365. Some example existing system of e-commerce web application: Amazon.com, Ebay.com, Alibaba.com, Yelp.com, Daraz.com, PriyoShop.com, Rokomari, Chaldal.com, HutBazar.com, Ajkerdeal.com 2.3 Supporting Literature Many web technologies, algorithms, and templates make up an existing online e-commerce web infrastructure. Supporting Frameworks: - Laravel 5 (PHP framework) - AMP (JavaScript framework) - Bootstrap 3.2.0 (UI framework) Font Script

16 - Google Font API Web Server: - LiteSpeed 6.0
RC3 Local Server: - Xampp 7.4.2 Supporting languages: - PHP 7.4.14 - JavaScript ES6 Supporting Database: - MySQL 8.0.23 JavaScript Library: - jQuery UI 1.11.2 - jQuery 2.2.4 - typeahead.js - Slick - Moment.js 2.8.3 - Modernizr 2.6.2 UI Design: - HTML 5 - CSS 3 and other web resources may be used to create an online shopping framework. Below are descriptions of some of the software: 2.3.1 HTML 5 (Hypertext Markup Language – 5) HTML5 is the most recent format for displaying and interacting with web pages in browsers. The definition encompasses two distinct ideas. It's a modern version of HTML with new features, attributes, and habits, as well as a broader range of innovations that make it possible to create more diverse and efficient Web pages and applications. HTML5 & Friends is another name for this group, which is often abbreviated as HTML5. Syntax of HTML: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello World!</h1> </body> </html>

17 2.3.2 CSS 3 (Cascading Style Sheets – 3) CSS
is not a scripting language like HTML. It’s also not a markup language. CSS is used to style HTML elements selectively. This CSS, for example, selects paragraph text and changes the color to red: headLine { color: red; } 2.3.3 PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) Popular server-side scripting language for developing websites is PHP. Since its initial release in 1995, it has grown to rank among the most used languages for creating dynamic websites. PHP's features and characteristics are: - Being open-source, it is available for usage and modification by anybody. - It can be included into HTML, enabling programmers to build dynamic web pages. - Many databases, including MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL, are supported. - It has a huge developer community, thus there is a variety of information and help available. - It is a popular option for novices because it is comparatively simple to use and understand. - It runs with Windows OS, macOS, and Linux OS. Some popular PHP based website examples: ▪ Facebook – The world’s popular social network in built with PHP and along with others. ▪ Wikipedia – The world’s popular online encyclopedia and which build with PHP. ▪ WordPress – The world’s most popular CMS is built with PHP. ▪ Yahoo – The popular search engine which built with PHP and JavaScript. A lot of popular website developed with PHP. 2.3.4 MySQL (My Structured Query Language) MySQL is Relational Database Management System (RDMS) and it’s open-source which can be modified and distributed by anyone. MySQL used to store, organize and manage data. Since its initial release in 1995, it often used in conjunction and websites and web applications. Some key features- ▪ It’s Open-Source. ▪ It Organizes data into tables with columns and row that’s RDMS Database. ▪ It runs with cross platform. Such as – Windows OS, macOS, Linux OS. ▪ It supports a variety of languages. Such as – PHP, Java, Python. ▪ It has lot of active community. 2.3.5 XAMPP XAMPP is an software package which used to web server for developers. It’s open-source which can be modified and distributed by anyone. “XAMPP” is an acronym which means- X (Cross-Platform) – XAMPP is compatible with Windows OS, macOS, Linux. A (Apache) – XAMPP software package include Apache web server. M (MySQL) – XAMPP software package include MySQL database.

18 P (PHP) - XAMPP software package include PHP server-side
scripting language. P (Perl) – XAMPP software package includes Perl programming language which used for system administration and web development. 2.3.6 JavaScript JavaScript is a high-level and client-side scripting programming language which used for creating dynamic websites and web applications that respond to user actions in real time (with page reload). Some key features – ▪ Object-oriented programing – JavaScript supports OOP concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. ▪ Event-driven programming – JavaScript allows developers to create code that code responds to user events such as mouse clicks and keyboard input. ▪ DOM manipulation – JavaScript allows to developers to manipulate the DOM (Document Object Model), which means they can easily add, remove and modify HTML elements. ▪ Asynchronous programming – JavaScript allows developers to create code that code executes in the background while other codes are running in the background. 2.3.7 jQuery jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies web HTML document traversal, animation and event handling for interactive web pages. Since its initial release in 2006 by John Resig. Some key features – ▪ DOM manipulation – jQuery makes it easier and allows to developers to select and manipulate HTML elements on a web page. ▪ Event handling – jQuery handles user events. ▪ Animation – jQuery makes it easier to add animation effects to dynamic web pages. ▪ AJAX – jQuery allows to developers to making code that code handling AJAX requests. So that, jQuery is a popular library of JavaScript that creating interactive and dynamic web pages. 2.3.8 Internet Information Services For the purpose of serving requested HTML pages or files, Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS) is a versatile, all-purpose web server that runs on Windows platforms. Remote client PCs can submit queries to an IIS web server, and it will respond with the necessary information. Web servers may exchange and distribute information over LANs (local area networks), such as business intranets, and WANs (wide area networks), such as the Internet, thanks to this fundamental feature. Users may get information from a web server in a variety of ways, including through the download and upload of files, text documents, picture files, and more. Static HTML-coded webpages are only one example. (Rosencrance) 2.3.9 Entity-Relationship Diagram The relationships between individuals, things, locations, concepts, or events inside an information system are shown graphically in an entity relationship diagram (ERD), often referred to as an entity relationship model. As the basis for a relational database, an ERD is a data modeling approach that can aid in the definition of business processes. Entity relationship diagrams offer a visual starting point for database architecture and may be used to assist identify the needs for information systems

19 throughout an organization. An ERD can still be used
as a reference after a relational database has been deployed in case subsequent debugging and also business process re-engineering is required. An ERD can be helpful for organizing data that can be represented by a relational structure, but it can't organize data that can't. adequate for unstructured or semi-structured data. Incorporating data into an existing information system on its own is also unlikely to be beneficial. An e-r diagram consists of several components. Those components are frequently used to represent an e-r diagram are: ▪ Entity ▪ Weak entity ▪ Attribute ▪ Derived attribute ▪ Relationship Entity A person, place, event, or object that is significant to a specific system is an entity. A school system, for example, may comprise students, teachers, major courses, subjects, fees, and other elements. In ER diagrams, entities are represented by a rectangle and named with singular nouns. It is symbolized by a rectangle. Figure 2.3.9.1: ‘Entity’ of E-R Diagram Weak entity A weak entity which is one that reliant on the existence of another entity. In more technical terms, it is an entity that cannot be identified by its own characteristics. It creates the primary key by combining a foreign key and its associated key. An entity such as an order item is an excellent example of this. The order item is worthless without an order, hence its existence is dependent on the existence of order. It is symbolized by a double rectangular shapes. Figure 2.3.9.2: ‘Weak Entity’ of E-R Diagram Attribute The attributes are represented by ovals. A key attribute is the entity's unique, distinguishing feature. For example, an employee's social security number could be a crucial property.

20 Figure 2.3.9.3: ‘Attribute’ of E-R Diagram Derived attribute A
derived or multivalued attribute can have many values. An employee entity, for example, can have numerous skill values. A derived attribute is one that is derived from another attribute. For example, an employee's monthly wage is determined by his or her annual income. Figure 2.3.9.4: ‘Derived attribute’ of E-R Diagram Mapping Cardinality of ERD The mapping of one entity set to another in a relationship set is represented by the cardinality ratio, also known as cardinality mapping. Typically, we use a binary relationship set, which maps two things to one another. ▪ One to One ▪ One to Many ▪ Many to One ▪ Many to Many One to One A 1:1 sign is used to denote one to one cardinality. There is only one relationship between one entity and another in this. In actual databases, there are many instances of one-to-one cardinality. For Example: a student can only have one student ID, and a student ID can only be associated with one student. Therefore, there will be a one to one cardinality mapping in the relationship between the student and the student id. Another illustration is the connection between the school's director and the institution; a director may only be associated with one institution at a time.

21 Figure 2.3.9.5: One-to-One One to Many A single set
from set 1 can only have a maximum relationship with one or more entities in set 2 in a one-to-many cardinality mapping. Alternatively, we may say that from set 2, more than one entity can establish a connection with just one object from set 1. The subset of One-to-Many Cardinality is One-to-One Cardinality. The symbol for it is 1: M. One-to-many Cardinality, for example: can be used to map the link between a hospital and its compounders because different compounders may be present at a hospital. Figure 2.3.9.6: One-to-Many Many to One In a many-to-one cardinality mapping, several sets from set 1 may form associations with a single object from set 2 in set 2. Another way to put it is that it comes from set 2, where a single thing can interact with multiple entities from set 1 at once. The subset of Many to One Cardinality is One to One Cardinality. M:1 can be used to symbolize it. Many-to-One Cardinality, for example: One doctor might treat several patients at once in a hospital, in which case the many-to-one cardinality can be used to describe the interaction between patients and doctors.

22 Figure 2.3.9.7: Many-to-One Many to Many There may be
one or more entities that can associate with one or more entities of set 2 in the many, many cardinalities mapping. Similar to set 1, one or more entities may establish a relationship with one or more entities of set 1 as of the conclusion of set 2. The symbol for it is M: N or N: M. The subset of the many to many cardinalities includes one to one cardinality, one to many cardinalities, and many to one cardinality. For example: in a college, one student may work on several projects at once, as well as several projects at once. As a result, there are numerous cardinalities that can be used to express the link between the project and the student. Figure 2.3.9.8: Many-to-Many 2.3.10 Data Flow Diagram A data flow diagram is a visualization tool used to show how a company's operations or those of a particular project within it move. It draws attention to the flow of information and the order of actions necessary to finish a task at work.

23 Depending on the process it represents, DFDs can have
different designs and levels of complexity. It might be as basic as a broad system's outline or as detailed as the one below for a multi-level process. Symbols for Data Flow Diagram DFDs use only four symbols. They are as follows: ▪ Process ▪ Data Object ▪ Data Store ▪ External entity Process Performs some transformation of input data to yield output data. Data Object or Data Flow Used to Connect Processes to each, other, to sources or Sinks; the arrowhead indicates direction of data flow. Data Store A repository of data; the arrow heads indicate net inputs and net outputs to store.

24 Source of Sink (External Entity) A source of system
inputs or sink of system outputs Levels in Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) At any level of abstraction, the DFD can be utilized to perform a system or software. DFDs can, in fact, be divided into levels that indicate increasing information flow and functional detail. DFD levels are numbered 0,1, 2, and higher. The data flow diagram will generally show three levels: 0-level DFD, 1-level DFD, and 2-level DFD. Balancing DFD, for example: The inputs and outputs of a DFD must be conserved between levels of DFDs when performing top-down decomposition to lower level DFDs. Levels n and n+1, for example, must have the same inputs and outputs. Figure 2.3.10.1: Balancing DFD

25 2.3.11 Use Case Diagram A use case diagram is
a sort of UML diagram used to represent the different usage scenarios for which a system is designed. It depicts the system's functionality via the eyes of the users, or actors. A use case diagram's primary components are: Use cases: These are the various ways in which the system can be used. They are usually called in the form of a verb-noun phrase, such as "Place an order" or "Log in." Figure 2.3.11.1: Use Case of Use Case Diagram Actors: These are the individuals or other systems with whom the system interacts. They are usually titled after the position they hold, such as "Customer" or "Sales Representative." Figure 2.3.11.2: Actor of Use Case Diagram Relationships: Illustrate relationships shows the participation of an Actor in a Use Case. Figure 2.3.11.3: Relationship of Use Case Diagram

26 Use case diagrams are useful for: ▪ Identify the
system's functionality: You may gain a high-level understanding of what the system performs by identifying all of the use cases. ▪ Recognize the needs of the users: You can understand who will use the system and what they need to do by identifying the actors. ▪ Communicate the system's specifications: Customers, developers, and testers can all benefit from using use case diagrams to explain the system's needs. ▪ Use case diagrams are classified into two types: behavioral and structural. Behavioral use case diagrams depict how use cases and actors interact. The links between use cases and other system elements, such as classes and objects, are depicted in structural use case diagrams. The following are some of the advantages of adopting use case diagrams: ▪ They aid in determining the system's functionality and requirements. ▪ They help stakeholders understand the system's requirements. ▪ They aid in the identification of system users and their requirements. ▪ They contribute to the enhancement of the system's design and implementation. Use case diagrams can be a useful tool while designing a new system or making changes to an existing system. They may assist you in ensuring that the system is well-designed and implemented and that it serves the needs of its users. Use Case Diagram, for example: Online Shopping System Figure 2.3.11.4: UML of Online Shopping System

27 2.3.12 Relational Database A relational database is a form
of database that uses a set of tables to represent various entities and the connections among them in order to organize and store data in an organized way. It is based on Edgar F. Codd's relational model, which was put forward in the 1970s. A relational database's fundamental ideas include: Tables: Tables, sometimes referred to as relations, are the main storage units for data. There are columns and rows in every table. Individual records are represented by rows, and fields or characteristics related to those records are represented by columns. Rows and Records: The actual data, or individual instances of the item being kept, are found in a table's rows. Each column in the table comprises a distinct piece of information about each row's corresponding unique record. Columns and Attributes: A table's columns store various kinds of data that are related to the entries. The names, ages, addresses, and other details of the entity are shown in each column. Keys: Keys are used in relational databases to specifically identify records inside tables. Each entry in a table has a unique identifier known as the primary key, which protects data integrity and makes it easier to retrieve data quickly. By referring to the primary key of another database, foreign keys create associations between tables. Relationships: With relational databases, you may link or relate different tables. These connections specify the connections between the various tables. One-to-many and many-to-many connections are the two most typical kinds of relationships. Normalization: It's the process of arranging data in such a manner as to minimize data redundancy and guarantee data integrity. This entails eliminating data duplication with dividing tables down into smaller and more digestible pieces. SQL (Structured Query Language): A computer language called SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to manage and also alter data in relational databases. It enables you to carry out actions including data sifting, record deletion, record updating, and record insertion. The following are a few well-known relational database management systems (RDBMS) that use the relational model: ▪ MySQL ▪ PostgreSQL ▪ Oracle Database ▪ Microsoft SQL Server ▪ SQLite Due to its effectiveness in effectively storing, retrieving, and managing structured data while preserving data integrity and consistency, relational databases are extensively utilized in a broad range of applications, from small-scale initiatives to massive corporate systems.

28 2.4 Analysis of Existing System Online shopping is the
act of buying, selling goods and services through the internet without physically visiting a store. Online shopping is identical to in-person retail store shopping, only it takes place via the internet. Online shopping has simplified and increased the fun of shopping. A product's description, images, price comparisons, and other information are all available online. Amazon.com, eBay.com, and Framt.com are a few examples of these. One advantage of online shopping is that because retailers have direct access to customers, they can offer goods that are tailored to their needs.[1] Cookies can be used to track what products customers choose online or what interests them when they return to a website. Digital technology is used in online shopping to control the movement of information, goods, and payments between customers, website owners, and suppliers. B2B (business to business) or B2C (business to consumer) are both possible forms of online commerce. One of the key features of online shopping is the shopping cart, which enables customers to browse a variety of products and services before adding those they wish to buy to the cart and continuing to browse until they make their decision. Before placing their final order, customers can even erase the previously chosen products from their shopping cart. It makes us think of the shopping baskets we use at conventional stores. There are many proses of online system. Convenience is the initial benefit of online shopping systems. Many customers have access to the Internet both at work and at home, and online retailers are typically open 24 hours a day. Schools and other institutions like internet cafes also offer access. A traditional retail store visit entails travel and must be made during business hours. Information and reviews are additional advantages of internet shopping systems. Text, images, and multimedia files are required for product descriptions in online stores. In certain establishments, customers are even permitted to remark or review the products. Users can post reviews of various products on specialized review websites. Customers now have the choice to buy more cheaply and organize purchases from around the world without having to rely on local stores thanks to reviews and blogs. Price and selection are further benefits of online shopping systems. One benefit of shopping online is the ability to swiftly look for discounts on goods or services from a variety of vendors (although there are certain local search engines that can assist customers in finding goods for sale in nearby establishments). To find sellers of a specific good or service, you can utilize search engines, online price comparison sites, and discovery shopping engines. Some problems occurred the existing system. Security and fraud problems are the initial drawbacks of online buying systems. Consumers are more vulnerable to fraud on the side of the merchant online than they are in a physical store since they cannot inspect the goods before making a purchase. Merchants also run the risk of fraudulent online returns or credit card theft-related purchases. Merchants are less at danger of physical theft when they have a warehouse rather than a retail storefront. A further drawback of online shopping is the incomplete pricing disclosure. One of the issues with internet purchasing is the incomplete disclosure of the actual cost of the purchase. While comparing an item's base price online may be simple, it may be more difficult to know the complete cost up front because extra charges like shipping are sometimes hidden until the very end of the checkout process.[1] Privacy is yet another drawback of internet shopping systems. For some users, the privacy of personal information is a big problem. Consumer privacy regulations vary according to legal jurisdictions, as do the ways in which they are enforced. Many customers want to stay away from telemarketing and spam that could happen if they give their contact information to an online retailer. Another drawback of the internet shopping system is the lack of in-person examination. When purchasing something from an online retailer, a buyer typically has to depend only on basic photographs and/or descriptions of the product. Customers won't fully comprehend the thing they are buying if they haven't already

29 experienced its handling characteristics. However, testimonials from customers who
have previously bought comparable products are easily accessible in written and video form. 2.5 Conclusions This chapter has information on the specifics of the project's related work. Additionally, there are numerous well-known worldwide internet retailers, like Amazon.com and Snapdeal.com. We were able to simply obtain a lot of information and use it to improve our system as a result of these worldwide internet shopping platforms. We're working with an existing system. Therefore, we may get a lot of knowledge from these current systems. Additionally, from these current systems, we can learn about a variety of features and modules. For the development of our system, these current systems are quite helpful. Our method is now widely used across the globe. Because of this, finding the necessary system information is very simple for us.

30 Chapter-3 Proposed Model 3.1 Introduction An online shopping program
called Shop Online makes internet purchasing accessible to all users. Any kind of product will be offered to the consumer, and compared to eBay, it may be readily and quickly purchased. An online shopping application that focuses more on user-friendly interfaces encourages customers to make purchases more quickly and easily. There is a tool provided for online shopping. Online stores offer the option to register. Comparatively speaking, the registration process is the quickest and easiest of any application. Shop online is an online shopping program that makes online buying accessible to all users. The customer will have access to any kind of product, and compared to eBay, it can be readily and quickly purchased. The emphasis of the online shopping application is on user-friendly interfaces, which encourages users to make purchases more quickly and easily. Online purchases are possible through a facility. Online stores allow for registration. Compared to any other application, the signup process is the quickest and easiest. An online store's customer care page is available. Any customer can access the available customer care representative online by using this page. There, we have chat, email, and phone help available. Users of this amenity are welcome at any time. Since security is a big concern today, the internet applications for stores pay additional attention to security. To provide the consumer with far more effective security, we use the digital signature technology. Digital signatures will offer safe data transfers for both money transfers and purchase transactions. 3.2 Feasibility Study Assessing several factors is required while doing a feasibility study for an online store in order to decide whether the business concept is workable and worthwhile. The feasibility study for an online store could be conducted in the following ways: Market Research and Analysis: ▪ Identify your target market: Identify the characteristics, tastes, and behaviors of your potential clients. ▪ Research competitors: Consider current online stores in your niche to understand their product offerings, costs, promotion plans, and client feedback. ▪ Evaluate market demand: Check to see if there is enough demand for the products you intend to sell. Look for market trends and expansion opportunities. Technical Feasibility: ▪ Assess e-commerce platform options: Choose the e-commerce platform that best meets your company's needs by comparing options like Shopify, WooCommerce, and Magento. ▪ Consider website development: Calculate the time and money needed to create a responsive and user-friendly e-commerce website.

31 Economic Feasibility: ▪ Calculate startup costs: Set up the
initial investment required for the creation of the website as well as for the inventory, packaging, branding, and other operational costs. ▪ Project revenue and expenses: Using data from market research, determine potential sales. Determine operating costs, such as those associated with website upkeep, payment gateway charges, shipping charges, and marketing costs. ▪ Calculate break-even point: Find the revenue threshold at which all costs are covered by your online store. Operational Feasibility: ▪ Determine logistics and fulfillment: Prepare your inventory, order processing, packaging, and shipping procedures in advance. Think about whether you'll handle this internally or hire a third party. ▪ Staffing and skill requirements: Determine the abilities required to run and maintain your online store. Analyze whether you need to hire employees or contract out specific tasks. Legal and Regulatory Feasibility: ▪ Research legal requirements: Learn about the e-commerce rules that apply in your area, such as business license requirements, tax obligations, and consumer protection laws. ▪ Secure intellectual property: Make sure that the names of your company, logo, and products do not conflict with any already-existing trademarks or copyrights. Marketing and Sales Feasibility: ▪ Develop a marketing strategy: Describe how you'll use digital marketing, social media, content creation, and other channels to draw customers to your online store. ▪ Determine pricing strategy: Set reasonable prices that take into account your costs, current market conditions, and perceived value. ▪ Customer acquisition and retention: Make a plan for how you will interact with customers, deliver top-notch customer service, and promote repeat business. Financial Projections: ▪ Create financial forecasts: For the first few years of operation, create projected income statements, cash flow statements, and balance sheets. ▪ Assess profitability: Check to see if the expected profits and return on investment (ROI) align with your company's objectives. Risks and Mitigation: ▪ Identify potential risks: Take into account difficulties like fierce competition, technical issues, cybersecurity dangers, and modifications in consumer behavior. ▪ Develop risk mitigation strategies: Describe how you'll deal with and reduce the effects of potential risks on your company. Conclusion and Recommendation: ▪ Summarize your findings: Give a concise summary of the findings from your feasibility study. ▪ Make a recommendation: Indicate whether you think the online store is feasible and should be pursued based on your analysis. Keep in mind that the feasibility study needs to be in-depth and impartial. It can help you make well- informed decisions about starting and operating your online store. It is a crucial tool for decision- making.

32 3.3 Requirement Analysis An e-commerce system's requirement analysis entails
comprehending and recording the needs, expectations, and requirements of the system that will be created. This procedure is essential for ensuring that the final system effectively satisfies the user requirements and business objectives. An extensive guide to performing a requirement analysis for an e-commerce system is provided below: Business Goals and Objectives: Give a general description of the system's overarching goals and objectives. These might include boosting sales, broadening the market, enhancing the customer experience, etc. Stakeholder Identification: Identify all the stakeholders involved in the e-commerce system, such as customers, vendors, administrators, managers, and any other relevant parties. User Requirements: Gather detailed information about the needs and expectations of different types of users, including customers, vendors, and administrators. This may involve conducting interviews, surveys, and user personas. Functional Requirements: Define the specific functions and features the e-commerce system must have. These could include: ▪ User registration and authentication ▪ Product catalog and browsing ▪ Shopping cart and checkout process ▪ Order management and tracking ▪ Payment gateway integration ▪ Search functionality ▪ Customer reviews and ratings ▪ User account management ▪ Vendor management (if applicable) ▪ Reporting and analytics ▪ Customer support and help desk Non-Functional Requirements: Specify the non-functional aspects that the system must adhere to, such as: ▪ Performance and scalability requirements ▪ Security measures (authentication, authorization, data encryption) ▪ Usability and user experience (responsiveness, intuitive design) ▪ Availability and uptime (redundancy, backup and recovery) ▪ Compatibility with different devices and internet browsers ▪ Regulatory and compliance requirements (GDPR, PCI DSS, etc.) ▪ Speed and loading times Integration Requirements: Determine any third-party systems or services that need to be integrated into the e-commerce system, such as payment gateways, inventory management systems, and shipping carriers.

33 Data Requirements: Identify the types of data that the
system will need to manage, such as product information, customer profiles, order history, and transaction records. Constraints and Assumptions: Document any constraints or assumptions that may affect the development or implementation of the system. This could include budget limitations, technological constraints, or assumptions about user behavior. Use Cases and User Stories: Create use cases and user stories to describe how different types of users will interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks. This helps to clarify the system's functionality and how users will interact with it. Prototyping and Mockups: Develop prototypes or mockups of the user interface to visually represent the system's look and feel. This can help stakeholders better understand how the system will work. Validation and Review: Regularly review the gathered requirements with stakeholders to ensure accuracy and completeness. This iterative process helps to refine and finalize the requirements. Documentation: Compile all the gathered information into a comprehensive requirement document. This document will serve as a reference for the development team throughout the project lifecycle. Change Management: Establish a process for managing changes to the requirements throughout the project. Requirements might evolve as the project progresses, so having a controlled change management process is crucial. 3.4 System Design Logical design and physical design are two important phases in the development of an e-commerce system. Logical design defines the system's data structures and processes, while physical design defines the system's hardware and software components. Logical Design Logical design is concerned with the overall architecture of the system. It defines the system's data entities, relationships between entities, and processes that operate on the data. Logical design is typically performed using data modeling techniques, such as data flow diagrams (DFDs) and entity- relationship diagrams (ERDs). Logical design phase the analyst describes inputs (sources), outputs (destinations), procedures (data flows) and databases (data stores) all in a format that meets the user requirements. The following are some of the key components of logical design for an e-commerce system: ▪ Data entities: These represent the objects that are stored in the system, such as products, customers, and orders. ▪ Relationships: These define the connections between data entities, such as one-to-one, one-to- many, and many-to-many relationships.

34 ▪ Processes: These are the operations that are performed
on the data, such as adding a product to the catalog, processing an order, and shipping a product. Physical Design Physical design is concerned with the implementation of the logical design. It defines the specific hardware and software components that will be used to create the system. Physical design is typically performed using system architecture techniques, such as component diagrams and deployment diagrams. It followed by physical design or coding. The following are some of the key components of physical design for an e-commerce system: ▪ Hardware: This includes the servers, storage devices, and networking components that will be used to run the system. ▪ Software: This includes the operating system, database software, and application software that will be used to create the system. ▪ Deployment: This defines how the hardware and software components will be interconnected to create the system. Logical design and physical design are closely related. Logical design defines the system's architecture, while physical design defines how that architecture will be implemented. The two phases must be coordinated to ensure that the system meets its requirements and can be implemented within budget and timeframe constraints. 3.4.1 Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) An ERD can still be used as a reference after a relational database has been deployed in case subsequent debugging and also business process re-engineering is required. An ERD can be helpful for organizing data that can be represented by a relational structure, but it can't organize data that can't. adequate for unstructured or semi-structured data. E-R Diagram, for example: Figure 3.4.1.1: E-R Diagram of Online Shopping System.

35 The essential entities, their attributes, and their relationships are
all thoroughly mapped out in this online shopping E-R Diagram. It provides a general description of all the parties involved, from payment to browsing. Making an E-R Diagram for your shopping system can help you make sure that it has all the necessary components. 3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram A data flow diagram is a visualization tool used to show how a company's operations or those of a particular project within it move. It draws attention to the flow of information and the order of actions necessary to finish a task at work. D-F Diagram, for example: Figure 3.4.2.1: D-F Diagram of Online Shopping System For a online shopping system, the input, processing, and output serve to represent and define the overall data flow diagram. Depending on the process it represents, DFDs can have different designs and levels of complexity. It might be as basic as a broad system’s outline or as detailed as the one below for a multi-level process. Each of these parts discusses how it emphasizes the work done by the online shopping system. 3.4.3 Use Case Diagram A use case diagram is a sort of UML diagram used to represent the different usage scenarios for which a system is designed. It depicts the system's functionality via the eyes of the users, or actors.

36 UML Diagram, for example: Figure 3.4.3.1: UML of Online
Shopping System Customers: Represents a generic user with login and logout functionality. Inherits from the User class and includes shopping-related methods. Browsing Product: Represents the products available for purchase. Make Purchase: Represents a customer's shopping cart, which can contain multiple items. Checkout: Represents an order placed by a customer, including order details and methods to calculate total amount and manage orders. 3.4.4 Front-End Development or User Interface Front-end design refers to the process of creating the visual layout, user interface (UI), and user experience (UX) of a website or application. It focuses on how the website looks and how users interact with it. Front-end design involves a combination of aesthetic considerations, usability principles, and technical implementation to create a visually appealing and user-friendly experience. We have used HTML 5, CSS 3, jQuery, Bootstrap 4 and Font awesome in this project.

37 Home Page Layout Figure 3.4.4.1: Home Page Layout Home
Page Layout: Carousel Figure 3.4.4.2: Carousel or Slider of Home Page Layout

38 Home Page Layout: Dropdown Menu & Navigation Bar Figure
3.4.4.3: Dropdown-Navigation Bar of HomePage Layout Home Page Layout: Pop-up Box Figure 3.4.4.4: Pop-up Box of HomePage Layout

39 Home Page Layout: Form Design Figure 3.4.4.5: Form of
HomePage Layout Home Page Layout: Zoom-in/out Figure 3.4.4.6: Zoom-in/out of HomePage Layout 3.4.5 Physical Design: Back-End Development Back-end development is the process of developing and maintaining server-side components of a software application or website. While front-end development focuses on the user interface and user experience, back-end development handles the behind-the-scenes operations, data storage, and business logic that make the application function. We have used PHP, Laravel, and MySQL in this project.

40 How the e-commerce project will or has been completed;
Its brief description: Step 1: Set-up & Installation: ▪ Install a local development environment such as XAMPP or WAMP that includes PHP, MySQL, and a web server (e.g., Apache). ▪ Install Composer, a dependency management tool for PHP, to manage Laravel packages. Step 2: Our New Laravel Project: ▪ Open a terminal and navigate to our development directory. ▪ Run the command to create a new Laravel project: “composer create-project --prefer- dist laravel/quicky” Step 3: Database Setup: ▪ Configure our MySQL database credentials in the “.env” file. ▪ Create a new database for our e-commerce project in MySQL. Step 4: Model and Migration: ▪ Create database tables using migrations. For example, run “php artisan make:migration create_products_table” to create a migration file for the products table. ▪ Define the table structure in the migration file and run “php artisan migrate” to create the actual database table. Step 5: Create Models and Relationships: ▪ Create Eloquent models using the “php artisan make:model Product” command. ▪ Define relationships between models (e.g., products and categories). Step 6: Routing and Controllers: ▪ Define routes for various e-commerce functionalities in the “routes/web.php” file. ▪ Create controllers using “php artisan make:controller ProductController” and implement methods for CRUD operations. Step 7: Views and Blade Templates: ▪ Create Blade template files in the “resources/views” directory for different pages like product listings, product details, shopping cart, and checkout. ▪ Use Blade syntax for dynamic content and template inheritance. Step 8: Front-End and Assets: ▪ Set up asset compilation (CSS and JavaScript) using Laravel Mix. ▪ Style your pages using CSS frameworks like Bootstrap or custom CSS. ▪ Implement interactivity using JavaScript. Step 9: Implement Features: ▪ Implement features like product listings, search functionality, product details, shopping cart, and checkout. ▪ Use Laravel's validation to handle form submissions and user input. Step 10: Authentication and User Management: ▪ Use Laravel's built-in authentication scaffolding to set up user registration and login.

41 ▪ Create routes and views for user profiles and
account management. Step 11: Payment Integration: ▪ Choose a payment gateway (e.g., Stripe, PayPal) and create an account. ▪ Integrate the payment gateway by implementing the required API calls in our controllers. Step 12: Testing: ▪ Test our application thoroughly to ensure all features work as expected. ▪ Use PHPUnit for unit and integration testing. Step 13: Deployment: ▪ Choose a hosting provider and set up a server with PHP and MySQL support. ▪ Configure server environment and upload project files. ▪ Configure domain and ensure SSL certificates for secure connections. Step 14: Maintenance and Updates: ▪ Regularly update dependencies and Laravel version. ▪ Monitor the application for performance and security issues. This project is completed by following the above steps. 3.4.5.1 Database Design A relational database is a form of database that uses a set of tables to represent various entities and the connections among them in order to organize and store data in an organized way. We have used MySQL Database in this project. and also where used XAMPP server tool. MySQL is an open-source Relational-Database Management System that uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage and manipulate data. It is one of the most popular and widely used database systems, known for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and robust features. MySQL database, for example: Online Shopping System  Note: The tables are marked with screenshots for easy understanding. Admin Login Table: In this table the fields are admin's id, admin's username and admin's password. Admin can login by this database table. Here admin username and password can be stored in our database. Table 3.4.5.1.1: “Admin” Login Table Here, we need to input the user name and password in the database before login in our system. We can see the user name and database from the database.

42 Product Table: This table is named “Products” and product
descriptions are stored in this table. The table has several columns, such as "id", "vendor_id", "title", "slug", "summary", "description", etc. All information about a product is stored in these columns. Table 3.4.5.1.2: “Products” data table Explanation: ▪ id: This is an auto-incrementing unique identifier for each product. It serves as the primary key of the table, ensuring each product has a unique identifier. ▪ title: This field holds the name of the product. It's of type VARCHAR with a length of 255 characters to accommodate the product name. ▪ description: This field stores a detailed description of the product. It's of type TEXT to allow for longer descriptions. ▪ price: This field holds the price of the product. It's of type DECIMAL with precision 10 and scale 2 to store the price as a monetary value. ▪ stock_quantity: This field represents the available stock quantity of the product. It's of type INT to store the number of items in stock. category_id: This field holds the ID of the category to which the product belongs. It could be a foreign key referencing the categories table in our database. This allows for categorizing and organizing products. This "Products" table forms a core part of our e-commerce application's database schema. Order Table: This table will store information about customer orders. Table 3.4.5.1.3: Customer “Order” data table

43 Explanation: ▪ order_id: This is an auto-incrementing unique identifier
for each order. It serves as the primary key of the table, ensuring each order has a unique identifier. ▪ user_id: This field holds the ID of the customer who placed the order. It could be a foreign key referencing the customers table in our database. ▪ currency_value: This field holds the total cost of the order. It's of type DECIMAL with precision 10 and scale 2, suitable for storing monetary values. ▪ status: This field represents the current status of the order. It's defined as an enumeration (ENUM) with possible values like 'Pending', 'Shipped', and 'Delivered'. ▪ shipping_address: This field holds the shipping address where the order will be delivered. It's of type TEXT to accommodate longer address information. This "Order" table would be a fundamental part of our e-commerce application's database schema. Brands Table: This table will store information about the brands associated with products in the e-commerce store. Table 3.4.5.1.4: “Brands” data table Explanation: ▪ brand_id: This is an auto-incrementing unique identifier for each brand. It serves as the primary key of the table, ensuring each brand has a unique identifier. ▪ name: This field holds the name of the brand. It's of type VARCHAR with a length of 255 characters to accommodate the brand name. ▪ created_by: This field stores a detailed description of the brand. It's of type TEXT to allow for longer descriptions. This "Brands" table helps categorize products and provides customers with information about the brands available in the e-commerce store. Depending on your application's requirements, you might establish relationships between this table and other tables, such as the "Products" table, to associate each product with a specific brand. This allows customers to browse products by brand and enables you to display brand-related information on product pages.

44 Categories Table This table will store information about product
categories. Table 3.4.5.1.5: “Categories” data table Explanation: ▪ id: This is an auto-incrementing unique identifier for each category. It serves as the primary key of the table, ensuring each category has a unique identifier. ▪ name: This field holds the name of the category. It's of type VARCHAR with a length of 255 characters to accommodate the category name. ▪ slug: This field stores a detailed description of the category. It's of type TEXT to allow for longer descriptions. ▪ parent_id: This field holds the ID of the parent category, if the category is a subcategory. It could be a foreign key referencing the categories table in our database. This helps in creating hierarchical or nested category structures. For example, if we have a "Clothing" category with subcategories like "Men's Clothing" and "Women's Clothing," the "Clothing" category would have a parent category ID of NULL, while the subcategories would reference the "Clothing" category as their parent. This "Categories" table helps organize products in our e-commerce store and enables customers to browse and filter products by different categories. 3.5 Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT Chart) PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is a project management tool and technique used to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a project, particularly those that are non- routine and complex. PERT was initially developed for managing large-scale projects, especially those in the fields of engineering, construction, research, and development.

45 Figure 3.5.1: PERT Chart of Online Shopping System In
summary, PERT charts are a valuable tool for project managers to effectively plan, schedule, and manage complex projects. They provide insights into task dependencies, critical paths, resource allocation, and potential risks, ultimately contributing to the successful completion of projects within time and budget constraints. 3.6 Conclusions We have discussed in this chapter about the different types of feasibility study of online shopping system. Apart from the requirement analysis, system design and implementation are described in this chapter. In system design the entity-relationship diagram and data-flow diagram are described. That’s all about the proposed system chapter of our project.

46 Chapter-4 Experimental Results 4.1 Introduction Experimental results in the
context of an e-commerce web application typically refer to data and findings obtained from various experiments or tests conducted on the application. These experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance, usability, effectiveness, and user experience of the e- commerce application. Here are some examples of experimental results that might be collected and analyzed for an e- commerce web application: 4.2 Page Load Time and Performance Testing page load time and performance is crucial to ensure that any website or web application provides a smooth and efficient user experience. Define Metrics and Goals: Determine what metrics are important for your application. Common metrics include: ▪ Page Load Time: The time it takes for a page to fully load in a user's browser. ▪ First Contentful Paint (FCP): When the first content (text, images, etc.) becomes visible to the visitors. ▪ Time to Interactive (TTI): The time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. ▪ Total Page Size: The sum of all resources (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, etc.). ▪ Number of Requests: The total number of requests made by the browser to load the page. Select Testing Tools: Choose appropriate tools for testing. Some popular options include: ▪ Google PageSpeed Insights: Provides insights and suggestions for improving page performance. ▪ WebPageTest: Allows you to test your website's performance from multiple locations and browsers. ▪ Lighthouse: Built into Chrome DevTools, Lighthouse audits and scores your web pages. Test from Different Locations and Devices: Performance can vary based on the user's location and device. Test your website from various geographical locations, different devices (desktop, mobile, tablet), and different browsers. Clear Cache: Make sure to clear your browser's cache before each test to simulate a first-time user experience. Run Initial Tests: Use your chosen tool to run tests and gather performance data. Pay attention to metrics like page load time, FCP, TTI, total page size, and number of requests.

47 Optimize Assets: Based on the test results, start optimizing
your assets: ▪ Compress images: Use tools to compress images without losing quality. ▪ Minify CSS and [removed] Remove unnecessary characters, whitespace, and comments. ▪ Enable Browser Caching: Set appropriate caching headers for resources to reduce repeat downloads. ▪ Use Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): Serve resources from servers closer to the user's location. ▪ Reduce Third-party Scripts: Limit the use of external scripts that could slow down your page. Implement Lazy Loading: Lazy loading delays the loading of non-critical resources until they are needed, reducing initial load times. Test Again: After implementing optimizations, run tests again to see if there's an improvement in performance. Monitor and Continuously Test: Performance testing should be an ongoing process. Regularly monitor your website's performance and repeat testing whenever you make significant changes. Use Real User Monitoring (RUM): RUM tools collect data from actual users, providing insights into how your website performs in real- world scenarios. Consider Mobile Performance: Mobile users are a significant portion of your audience. Ensure your site is optimized for mobile devices and run performance tests on them. A/B Testing: Compare different versions of your website to see which performs better in terms of load time and user engagement.  Note: Following the above instructions we can check the “Page Load Time and Performance” of the web application. In this case the application must be on the web server. But currently running our web application on a local web server (e.g. XAMPP); So the above tests are not applicable in this case. 4.3 Functional Testing Ensure that all features and functionalities operate as intended. Check for: Links: All internal and external links of our web application work properly. Forms: All forms of our web application (e.g. Registration, Login, Payment, Contact, etc.) work properly.

48 Figure 4.3.1: Seller registration form of online shopping system
Navigation: Navigation bar of our web application work properly. Figure 4.3.2: Navigation bar of online shopping system User Authentication: User login authentication of our web application work properly. Figure 4.3.3: Authentication of user login of online shopping system  Note: Following the above instructions we can check the “Functional Testing” of the web application. In this case the application must be on the web server. But currently running our web application on a local web server (e.g. XAMPP); So, checked manually. All the issues of our website is accurate and appropriate.

49 4.4 Usability Testing Ensure that user-friendliness and overall user
experience operate as intended. Check for: Responsive Design: Our website is responsive on any device where responsive design is an approach to web design and development that aims to make websites look and function well on a variety of devices and screen sizes. Figure 4.4.1: Responsive Design of Online Shopping System Readability, Color scheme, and Visual appeal: ▪ Readability is a crucial aspect of web design and content creation. It refers to how easily and comfortably users can read and understand the text on a webpage. ▪ Color scheme: A well-thought-out color scheme contributes significantly to the overall user experience. ▪ Visual appeal: Visual appeal goes beyond aesthetics; it encompasses the overall attractiveness and engagement of your website. Figure 4.4.2: Visual experience of Online Shooping System

50 Easy to interact Buttons, links, forms and others section
on our website can easily interact with each other.  Note: Following the above instructions we can check the “Usability Testing” of the web application. In this case the application must be on the web server. But currently running our web application on a local web server (e.g. XAMPP); So, checked manually. All the issues of our website is accurate and appropriate. 4.5 Security Testing Security testing of a website is a critical step in ensuring the protection of sensitive data and the overall integrity of the site. Initially, it is necessary to identify the specific areas of the website to be tested and the potential threats to be evaluated. We use different tools or software for security testing. However, if necessary, we have to do a manual security test. Security Testing Tools and Resources: ▪ Automated Vulnerability Scanners: Tools like OWASP ZAP, Nessus, Burp Suite, and Acunetix can help identify common vulnerabilities. ▪ Manual Testing: Ethical hackers or security professionals can perform manual penetration testing to find vulnerabilities not detected by automated tools. ▪ Security Checklists: Refer to industry-standard security checklists, such as the OWASP Top Ten, to ensure comprehensive coverage. Some Security Test Steps: ▪ Authentication and Authorization Testing: Test the website's authentication and authorization mechanisms to ensure that user access is properly controlled. ▪ Input Validation Testing: Validate user inputs to prevent common vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). Test all input fields, including forms, URL parameters, and headers. ▪ Secure Communication: Verify that the website uses secure communication protocols (SSL/TLS) for data encryption. Check for certificate validity, supported ciphers, and secure configuration. ▪ API Security Testing: If the website uses APIs, assess their security. Test for proper authentication, data exposure, and potential vulnerabilities in API endpoints. ▪ Security Headers: Implement and test security headers like Content Security Policy (CSP), HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS), and X-Content-Type-Options to enhance security. ▪ Session Management Testing: Ensure that session management is secure by checking for issues like session fixation, session hijacking, and session timeout settings. ▪ Error Handling and Logging: Review how error messages are handled. Ensure that they never share sensitive data. Implement proper logging to track and investigate security incidents. ▪ File Upload Security: If your website allows file uploads, validate and secure the process to prevent malicious file uploads and execution. ▪ Access Control Testing: Verify that users can access only the parts of the website they are authorized to view. Test for privilege escalation and unauthorized access. ▪ Database Security: Assess the security of the database by checking for SQL injection vulnerabilities and ensuring that database credentials are securely stored. ▪ Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Testing: Test for CSRF vulnerabilities, which can trick users into performing unintended actions on the website. ▪ Security Patch Management: Regularly update and patch all software components, including the web server, CMS, plugins, and libraries, to address known security vulnerabilities.

51 ▪ Incident Response Plan: Develop and test an incident
response plan to address potential security breaches promptly and effectively. Document all findings, vulnerabilities, and recommendations in a clear and concise report. Prioritize vulnerabilities based on their severity and provide remediation guidance.  Note: Following the above instructions we can check the “Security Testing” of the web application. In this case the application must be on the web server. But currently running our web application on a local web server (e.g. XAMPP); So the above tests are not applicable in this case. 4.6 Compatibility Testing Compatibility testing for a website ensures that it functions correctly and displays appropriately across various web browsers, devices, and operating systems. This type of testing is essential to provide a consistent user experience to a diverse audience. Our target platforms are all kinds of browsers, devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, desktops), and operating systems. Compatibility Testing Tools and Resources: ▪ BrowserStack (Cross Browser Testing) ▪ Sauce Labs (Cross Browser Testing) ▪ CrossBrowserTesting (Cross Browser Testing) ▪ LambDaTest (Real Device Testing. e.g. Android, iOS) Some Compatibility Test Steps: ▪ Browser Compatibility Testing: Our website tested on different web browsers, including popular options like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Internet Explorer (if still relevant). Pay attention to different versions of these browsers as well. We verified that the website's layout, functionality, and features work consistently across browsers. Focus on areas such as CSS rendering, JavaScript compatibility, and HTML/CSS compliance. • Device Compatibility Testing: Test your website on various devices and screen sizes. This includes mobile devices, notebooks, and desktop computers. We verified that your site is responsive and adapts appropriately to different screen resolutions and orientations (portrait and landscape). • Operating System Compatibility Testing: Our website tested on different operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, and others. We verified that the website functions correctly and displays properly on each operating system. • Test Different Resolutions and Viewports: Our website tested on various screen resolutions and viewports to ensure that it looks and works well in different display settings.  Note: Following the above instructions we can check the “Compatibility Testing” of the web application. In this case the application must be on the web server. But currently running our web application on a local web server (e.g. XAMPP); So, checked manually. All the issues of our website is accurate and appropriate.

52 4.7 Contents Review Content review for a website is
a crucial process to ensure that the information presented is accurate, up-to-date, relevant, and aligns with our brand's message and goals. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to conduct a content review for our website: Review Content Objectives and Goals: We re-checked the objectives and goals of our website's content. We ensured that the content aligns with our site's purpose and is tailored to our target audience. Content Audit: Perform a comprehensive audit of the existing content. Evaluate each piece of content against the following criteria: ▪ Relevance: Is the content still relevant to our audience and business goals? ▪ Accuracy: Is the information up-to-date and factually correct? ▪ Clarity: Is the content clear and easy to understand? ▪ Consistency: Check for consistent use of branding, messaging, and style across all content. ▪ Tone and Voice: Ensure us that the tone and voice of the content match our brand's personality. ▪ SEO Optimization: Review content for SEO best practices, including keyword usage, meta tags, and headings. Update Outdated Information: All outdated information are updated, such as contact details, pricing, product descriptions, or event dates. Check for Broken Links: All internal and external links are tested on our website to ensure they are working correctly. Fix broken links or redirect them to the appropriate pages. Review Images and Media: We assessed the visual content on our website. We verified that images, videos, and graphics are relevant, high-quality, and properly attributed. Accessibility Review: We ensured that our website content is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities. And also checked for alt text on images, proper headings, and adherence to accessibility guidelines (WCAG). Consistency in Branding and Messaging: We verified that our branding elements, including logos, color schemes, and fonts, are consistent across all pages. Test on Different Devices and Browsers: Our website tested on different web browsers, including popular options like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Internet Explorer. Content Optimization: Our contents optimized for SEO by conducting keyword research and incorporating relevant keywords into our text.

53 Quality Assurance: We checked the website after content updates
and ensured that no errors or issues were introduced during the editing process.  Note: Following the above instructions we can check the “Content Review” of the web application. In this case the application must be on the web server. But currently running our web application on a local web server (e.g. XAMPP); So, checked manually. All the issues of our website is accurate and appropriate. 4.8 Conclusions: By following this “Content Review” process, we can maintain our website that provides accurate, relevant, and high-quality content that resonates with our audience and supports our overall business objectives.

54 Chapter-05 User Manual 5.1 Introduction All computer software requires
specific hardware parts or other software resources to be present on a computer in order to function properly. These prerequisites, often known as system requirements, are frequently employed as a general norm rather than an unbreakable law. The majority of software specifies minimal and recommended sets of system requirements. System requirements tend to rise over time due to the rising demand for more processing power and resources in newer versions of software. According to industry observers, this trend more than technological improvements is what is pushing changes to current computer systems. [1] The system requirements for building an e-commerce website can vary depending on the complexity and scale of our project. 5.2 Hardware Requirements The hardware requirements for building an e-commerce website can vary depending on factors such as the expected traffic, the complexity of the website, and the technologies used. Here are some general hardware considerations: Web Server: A web server is the fundamental hardware component for hosting our e-commerce website. Depending on our traffic and scalability requirements, we can start with a single server and scale up as needed. Server Specifications: The specific server specifications we need will depend on factors like website complexity and expected traffic. Consider the following: ▪ CPU: A multi-core processor for handling concurrent requests efficiently. ▪ RAM: Sufficient RAM for caching and handling database queries. A minimum of 4GB is recommended, but more is better for larger websites. ▪ Storage: Solid State Drives (SSDs) are preferable for fast data access. The amount of storage required depends on our product catalog and media files. Load Balancer (Optional): Anticipate high traffic or need redundancy, we can implement a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple web servers. Database Server: Our e-commerce website will require a database server to store product information, user data, and transaction records. The database server's specifications should be based on the expected database load. Consider: ▪ CPU: Multi-core processors for handling database queries. ▪ RAM: Adequate RAM for caching and efficient database operations. ▪ Storage: Fast storage subsystem for database files and backups.

55 Content Delivery Network (CDN): Consider using a CDN to
offload static content (images, CSS, JavaScript) to reduce the load on our web server and improve website performance. CDNs have their own infrastructure. Backup and Redundancy: Implement backup servers or a redundancy strategy to ensure high availability in case of hardware failures. Network Infrastructure: A robust network infrastructure with sufficient bandwidth to handle incoming and outgoing traffic. Ensure low-latency connections to minimize page load times. Security Hardware: Implement security hardware such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and load balancers with security features to protect our e-commerce site from cyber threats. Scalability: For scalability, by using cloud-based solutions or having the ability to add more hardware resources as our website grows. Monitoring and Management Tools: Implement hardware or cloud-based monitoring and management tools to keep an eye on server performance, security, and resource utilization. Redundant Power and Cooling: Ensure that our server infrastructure has redundancy in power supply and effective cooling to prevent downtime due to hardware failures. Compliance: Handles sensitive customer data or payments, we may need hardware security modules (HSMs) or dedicated security hardware to meet compliance requirements like PCI DSS. The specific software stack and tools we choose will depend on our project's requirements, budget, and technology preferences. Make sure to keep our software stack up to date with security patches and updates to maintain a secure and efficient e-commerce website. 5.3 Software Requirements To build an e-commerce website using PHP, Laravel, and MySQL, we'll need a specific software stack that includes development tools, web server software, database management, and other essential software components. Here's a list of the software requirements for such a project: Operating System (OS): We can develop and deploy PHP, Laravel, and MySQL-based applications on various operating systems, but Linux is a popular choice due to its stability and compatibility. Ubuntu, CentOS, or Debian are commonly used Linux distributions. Web Server: A web server is necessary to serve PHP files and handle HTTP requests. We can choose from several web servers, including: ▪ Apache: A widely used open-source web server.

56 ▪ Nginx: Known for its high performance and scalability.
▪ LiteSpeed: A commercial web server with excellent PHP support. PHP: PHP is the scripting language used to build the backend of our e-commerce website. We have to ensured that we have PHP installed with the necessary extensions and libraries. Laravel, a PHP framework, will be used on top of PHP. Composer: Composer is a dependency management tool for PHP. We'll use it to install and manage Laravel and its packages. Laravel Framework: We'll need to install Laravel to create the core structure of our e-commerce website. MySQL Database: MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). We'll use it to store product data, user information, and transaction records. We have to ensured that MySQL is installed and running on our server. Database Management Tools: We may need tools like PHPMyAdmin or MySQL Workbench for managing your MySQL database. Development Tools: Code editors or integrated development environments (IDEs) to write and manage our PHP and Laravel code. Popular options include Visual Studio Code, PHPStorm, and Sublime Text. Version Control System (VCS): Set up and use a VCS like Git to track changes to our codebase and collaborate with a development team effectively. Frontend Technologies: Frontend requirements, we may need HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frontend frameworks like Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS, Vue.js or React to build the user interface. Payment Gateway Integration: We'll need to integrate payment gateway APIs or SDKs provided by payment processors like PayPal, Stripe, or others. Security Software: Implement security measures such as SSL/TLS certificates for secure data transmission and consider using web application firewalls (WAFs) and antivirus software. Testing with Quality Assurance (QA) Tools: Employ testing frameworks and debugging tools to ensure the quality and reliability of our PHP and Laravel code. Analytics and Monitoring: Implement analytics tools like Google Analytics or custom analytics solutions to monitor user behavior and track website performance.

57 Content Delivery Network (CDN): Consider using a CDN service
to improve content delivery speed and reduce the load on our web server. Backup and Recovery Software: Set up backup and recovery solutions to protect against data loss and ensure business continuity. SEO Tools: Utilize SEO tools and practices to optimize our website's visibility in search engine results. Compliance and Legal Software: If applicable, use software tools or services to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, such as GDPR compliance tools for data protection. Content Management Tools (if needed): Laravel can be used to build a custom content management system (CMS) if our e-commerce website requires it. Server Management Tools: Software for managing our server, such as SSH for remote access, will be required for server administration. Make sure to keep our software stack up to date with security patches and updates to maintain a secure and efficient e-commerce website. Additionally, consider using development and deployment best practices to ensure the smooth development and operation of our website. 5.4 User Interface Design The user interface (UI) of an e-commerce website is crucial for providing a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience for visitors. A multi-vendor e-commerce platform is typically divided into several key parts or components to enable the successful operation of the marketplace. The exact structure and components can vary depending on the platform's complexity and features, but here are the main parts commonly found in a multi-vendor e-commerce system: 5.4.1 User Interface The user interface is the front-end of the platform that customers and vendors interact with. It includes the website design, product listings, shopping cart, checkout process, and account management features. Home Page: When users visit the website, they are greeted by this page. It often features product highlights, promotions, and a brief overview of the website's offerings.

58 Figure 5.4.1.1: Home Page of Online Shopping System Search
Bar: The search bar allows users to enter keywords or product names to find specific items quickly. It often includes auto-suggestions as users type. Figure 5.4.1.2: Search Bar of Online Shopping System

59 Navigation Menu: The navigation menu typically appears at the
top or side of the webpage. It includes links to different sections of the website, such as product categories. Figure 5.4.1.3: Navigation Menu of Online Shopping System Product Listings: Product listings display a grid or list of products with images, prices, and brief descriptions. Users can click on these listings to view more details. Figure 5.4.1.4: Product List of Online Shopping System Product Details Page: This page provides in-depth information about a specific product. It includes high-resolution images, detailed descriptions, specifications, pricing, and options for adding the product to the cart.

60 Figure 5.4.1.5: Product Details Page of Online Shoppin System
Filtering and Sorting Options: Users can filter product listings based on various criteria like price, brand, size, color, and customer ratings. Sorting options allow users to arrange products by relevance, price, or popularity. Figure 5.4.1.6: Filtering and Sorting Options of Online Shopping System Contact and Support Information: Contact information, including customer support email addresses, phone numbers, and help options, is typically provided for users with questions or issues.

61 Figure 5.4.1.7: Contact and Support Information of Online Shopping
System Footer: The footer typically contains links to important pages such as the privacy policy, terms of service, shipping and returns information, and sometimes additional navigation links. Figure 5.4.1.8: Footer of Online Shopping System 5.4.2 Customer Dashboard User Account Settings and Preferences: Users can register a new account, log in, and manage their profiles. Account-related features include order history, saved addresses, and the ability to track shipments. Users can customize their accounts, including email preferences, notifications, and password changes.

62 Figure 5.4.2.1: Customer or User’s Dashboard of Online Shopping
System Shopping Cart: The shopping cart page shows the items selected for purchase. Users can review their selections, update quantities, and proceed to checkout from here. Figure 5.4.2.2: Shopping Cart of Online Shopping System Checkout Process: The checkout process typically consists of multiple steps, such as providing shipping and billing information, selecting payment methods, and confirming the order. Each step is designed for user input and confirmation. Figure 5.4.2.3: Checkout Process of Online Shopping System Payment Methods: During the checkout process, users can choose from various payment methods, including credit/debit cards, PayPal, and sometimes alternative payment options like digital wallets.

63 Figure 5.4.2.4: Payment Methods of Online Shopping System Order
Confirmation Page: After completing the purchase, users see an order confirmation page with a summary of their order, an order number, and estimated delivery dates. Figure 5.4.2.5: Order Confirmation Page of Online Shopping System Wishlist/Favorites: Users can save products they are interested in to a wishlist or favorites list, making it easier to find and purchase them later. Figure 5.4.2.6: Wishlist of Online Shopping System

64 Reviews and Ratings: User reviews and product ratings provide
valuable insights for potential buyers. They are often displayed on product details pages. Figure 5.4.2.7: Review from Customer Panel of Online Shopping System Figure 5.4.2.8: Customer’s Review from Product Details Page of Online Shopping System 5.4.3 Vendor Dashboard Each vendor on the platform has access to a vendor dashboard. Vendor Account Settings and Preferences: This dashboard allows vendors to manage their products, inventory, pricing, orders, shipping, and other aspects of their business within the marketplace.

65 Figure 5.4.3.1: Vendor or Seller’s Dashboard of Online Shopping
System Product Management: Vendors can create, edit, and delete product listings from their vendor dashboard. They can add product details, images, prices, and inventory information. Figure 5.4.3.2: Product Management of Online Shopping System Order Management: Vendors can view and manage orders placed by customers for their products. This includes order processing, shipping, and order status updates. Figure 5.4.3.3: Order Management from Seller Dashboard of Online Shopping System Transaction History: For each transaction, the system records detailed information, such as product names, quantities, prices, tax details, shipping costs, and any discounts or coupons applied.

66 Figure 5.4.3.4: Transaction History from Seller Dashboard of Online
Shopping System Money Withdrawal: Vendors can initiate a withdrawal request from their vendor dashboard or profile. They specify the amount they want to withdraw and select a preferred withdrawal method (e.g., bank transfer, PayPal, or check). Figure 5.4.3.5: Money Withdrawal from Seller Dashboard of Online Shopping System 5.4.4 Administrative Dashboard The marketplace owner or administrator has access to a central administrative dashboard for managing the overall operation of the platform. Administrative Settings and Preferences: This includes user management, vendor approval, site configuration, and reporting. Figure 5.4.4.1: Administrative Dashboard of Online Shopping System Vendor Registration and Approval: Vendors must register and be approved by the platform owner before they can list products for sale. The approval process may involve verifying vendor credentials and product quality.

67 Figure 5.4.4.2: Vendor Registration and Approval of Online Shopping
System Order Management: Admin also can view and manage orders placed by vendors and customers for their products. This includes order processing, shipping, and order status updates. Figure 5.4.4.3: Order Management from Admin Dashboard of Online Shopping System Transaction History: For each transaction, the system records detailed information, such as product names, quantities, prices, tax details, shipping costs, and any discounts or coupons applied. Figure 5.4.4.4: Transaction History from Admin Dashboard of Online Shopping System Shipping and Logistics Integration: Integration with shipping carriers and logistics services is essential to calculate shipping costs, generate shipping labels, and provide tracking information to customers.

68 Figure 5.4.4.5: Shipping and Logistics Integration of Online Shopping
System Legal and Compliance: The platform may provide legal and compliance tools to help marketplace owners and vendors adhere to relevant regulations, such as warranty policy, privacy policy, seller policy, return policy, etc. Figure 5.4.4.6: Legal and Compliance of Online Shopping System 5.5 Conclusions The system requirements and user interface design were covered in this chapter. System requirements for an e-commerce website can change depending on the technology being used, the complexity of the website, and expected traffic. Understanding how to create an interactive web page and use the necessary technologies is made easier by this project. We have encountered a wide range of issues and challenges throughout the project.

69 Chapter-6 Conclusions 6.1 Conclusions Online shopping has grown in
importance as a result of the Internet's emergence as a key resource in contemporary business, both from an entrepreneur's and a customer's perspective. Online shopping creates new business opportunities for the entrepreneur while enabling comparative shopping for the consumer. A user-friendly shopping cart application logic must go hand in hand with a fantastic shopping cart design. The customer should find it simple to view the contents of their cart and add or remove items as needed. The shopping cart application that is the subject of this project offers a variety of features that are intended to improve customer comfort. Understanding how to create an interactive web page and use the necessary technologies is made easier by this project. We have encountered a wide range of issues and challenges throughout the project. We now understand how a dynamic website functions properly and how data manipulation can occasionally be difficult, but we have completed all of the necessary steps.[2] The system has been successfully designed as a result of the system analysis. The programme has been thoroughly checked and found to be error-free. The system has been tested using normal, abnormal, and extremely high data as well as the necessary validation techniques. However, completing this project has given us more confidence in our ability to contribute to the global village's IT sector in the future. Today, the use of websites is becoming increasingly important in the "QuiCky" online shopping industry. We make every effort to create attractive, effective, user-friendly, and secure websites for personal or business use. We believe it is beneficial for all general populations. We make an effort to meet every requirement and feature offered by other websites that provide online-based health care or medical services. Although this website is not entirely dynamic, it can be expanded. If the website needs to be expanded, we will likely need to make some minor database changes. Thus, there is a need for us to create a website that takes all the issues into account. We made every effort to create a website that is secure, dynamic, extensible, and reusable while keeping all of these factors in mind. There is still time to include additional features not already present. 6.2 Limitations Despite our best efforts to use modern technologies to create a flawless and user-friendly system, our online shopping system still has a few minor functional and design flaws as a result of time, budget, and prototype design constraints. It has brought immense convenience and opportunities, but they also come with certain limitations and challenges. The following are our system's limitations: Lack of Physical Interaction: Customers cannot physically touch or try products before purchasing, which might lead to dissatisfaction if the product doesn't meet their expectations. Security Concerns: E-commerce involves the exchange of sensitive information such as credit card details, which makes security a major concern. Data breaches and online fraud can erode customer trust.

70 Shipping Delays and Costs: Shipping delays, damaged items during
shipping, and shipping costs can impact customer satisfaction. Balancing competitive shipping rates with timely deliveries is a challenge. Return and Refund Process: The return and refund process can be cumbersome for customers. Long return processing times and unclear refund policies can lead to dissatisfaction. Dependency on Technology: E-commerce relies heavily on technology infrastructure. Downtime, technical glitches, or server crashes can disrupt business operations. Digital Divide: Not all customers have access to the internet or are comfortable with online transactions. This creates a digital divide, limiting the reach of e-commerce. Product Authenticity: Customers may worry about the authenticity of products, especially in cases of counterfeit goods or unauthorized sellers. Limited Sensory Experience: Online shopping lacks the sensory experience of physically inspecting and trying products. This can be a drawback for industries like fashion or food. Inability to Bargain: Online prices are usually fixed, and customers may miss the bargaining experience they might have in physical stores. Product Returns and Waste: E-commerce can lead to higher return rates compared to traditional retail, resulting in increased packaging waste and carbon emissions from return shipments. Customer Service Challenges: Providing personalized customer service in an online environment can be challenging. Delayed responses and lack of immediate assistance can frustrate customers. Market Saturation: Intense competition in the e-commerce space can make it difficult for new businesses to gain visibility and market share. Dependency on Third Parties: E-commerce platforms often rely on third-party services for payment processing, shipping, and more. Dependency on these services can impact operations if they experience issues. Cultural and Language Barriers: E-commerce websites can face challenges in catering to diverse customer cultures, languages, and preferences. Offline Experience Missing: E-commerce cannot replicate the offline shopping experience, which includes social interactions, ambiance, and the overall atmosphere of physical stores. Product Presentation: Customers can't physically inspect products, so product descriptions, images, and videos must accurately represent the items. Limited Personalization: While e-commerce sites can offer personalized recommendations, they might not match the level of personalization possible in a face-to-face interaction. E-commerce businesses need to carefully address these limitations and work towards providing solutions that enhance the online shopping experience, build trust, and mitigate potential challenges.

71 6.3 Future Works Our system was developed in response
to user satisfaction and facility demands. To make our system quick, easy, and effective for all of the aforementioned personnel, we used contemporary web technologies. It was not possible to complete all requirements and planned functionalities due to time and financial constraints. However, it will be possible to pursue these anticipated functionalities and more improvement in the future. The features that have to be implemented are: Voice Commerce: Voice assistants like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant will play a bigger role in e-commerce. Customers will be able to search for products, place orders, and track shipments using voice commands. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI will power advanced personalization, predictive analytics, and chatbots that provide real-time customer support and recommendations. Subscription Models: Subscription-based e-commerce services will expand across various industries, offering convenience and tailored experiences to customers. Mobile-First Approach: With mobile usage growing, e-commerce websites will prioritize mobile optimization, faster mobile loading speeds, and mobile-first design. Social Commerce: Social media platforms will become integrated e-commerce channels, allowing users to make purchases directly within apps. Login authentication: The number of login authentication methods used by websites can vary widely depending on the specific website, its security policies, and its user authentication requirements. Some login authentication that have to be included like as Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), Captcha and Bot Detection, Security Questions, etc. The future of e-commerce is likely to be shaped by a combination of technological advancements, customer demands, and industry innovations. E-commerce businesses that adapt to these changes and embrace emerging trends will be better positioned to thrive in the evolving digital landscape.

72 Reference [1] L. Rosencrance, " Multi-Vendor E-Commerce website," 01
09 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.techtarget.com/searchwindowsserver/definition/IIS. [Accessed 17 August 2023]. [2] B. Lutkevich, " Design and Development of E-commerce Website," 12 08 2004. [Online]. Available: https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/relational-database. [Accessed 22 August 2023].

73 Appendices  Web Browser: Mozila Firefox Developer Edition 67.5
 Code Editor: Visual Studio Code 76.2  PHP Framework: Composer (Laravel) 1.10.13  Apache Server & Database: Xampp 7.4  Diagramming Tool: Edraw Max 7.9 Appendices A: Firefox Browser Developer Edition Figure: Mozila Firefox Developer Edition Appendices B: Visual Studio Code Figure: Visual Studio Code

74 Appendices C: Composer Figure: A Composer for PHP Framework
Appendices D: Xampp Figure: A Xampp for Apache Server & MySQL

75 Appendices E: Edraw Max Figure: Edraw Max for diagram
design

Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application

Multi-Vendor e-commerce Web Application

Other Decks in Technology

Featured

Transcript