Reactive Java REST APIs, FTW? Virtual JUG 2024

For several years, luminaries like Jonas Bonér, James Ward, and Josh Long have encouraged us to use reactive programming. Now that reactive programming has gone mainstream, and many Java frameworks support it, is it really all that?

In this talk, you'll learn how to create Java REST APIs with Micronaut, Quarkus, Spring Boot, and Helidon. Then, you'll see how to secure them with OAuth 2.0 and what their reactive equivalents look like. I'll compare each framework's imperative versus reactive implementation performance numbers. Finally, you'll learn about their GraalVM support and see how they compare when running natively.

You'll leave with enough knowledge to create your own secure Java REST APIs and be confident if reactive works for you.

Meetup event: https://www.meetup.com/virtualjug/events/299634463
GitHub repo: https://github.com/mraible/java-rest-api-examples
YouTube recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Om66XAMf8tM

Transcript

1. Reactive Java REST APIs, FTW? Matt Raible | @mraible Photo by Lars Leber https://www.instagram.com/p/C609JShLNY0 May 23, 2024
2. @mraible Father, Husband, Skier, Mountain Biker, Whitewater Rafter Bus Lover Web Developer and Java Champion JHipster Project Co-Leader Blogger on raibledesigns.com Hi, I'm Matt Raible
3. @mraible
5. @mraible
6. @mraible <your-company-here>
7. @mraible What is reactive programming? Why Java? Building Java REST APIs Building with GraalVM Containerizing with Docker Performance Community Today's Agenda https://unsplash.com/photos/JsTmUnHdVYQ
8. @mraible The Reactive Manifesto https://www.reactivemanifesto.org FORM MEANS VALUE Responsive Maintainable Extensible Resilient Message Driven Elastic Published on September 16 2014. (v2.0)
9. @mraible Is reactive programming better?
10. @mraible Reactive Programming In f luencers @_JamesWard @jboner @starbuxman
11. @mraible Why Java? 25+ Years of use, abuse, and improvements Open Source code is available; many popular open source frameworks and tools Hugely popular and widely used by many enterprises and web-scale companies
12. @mraible Get Started with Java 21 Download the Oracle builds of OpenJDK https://jdk.java.net/archive Or Eclipse builds from Adoptium https://adoptium.net
13. @mraible Use SDKMAN! curl -s "https: // get.sdkman.io" | bash sdk install java 21-open Get Started with Java 21
14. @mraible Build Java REST APIs gh repo clone mraible/java-rest-api-examples https://github.com/mraible/java-rest-api-examples
15. @mraible 4.4.2 3.10.2 3.2.5 4.0.8 Framework Versions
16. @mraible Imperative vs Reactive Micronaut has no separate reactive web framework Quarkus uses OIDC with reactive because MicroPro f ile is imperative Spring Boot uses same code with different dependencies Helidon has different dependencies and code
17. @mraible Micronaut gradle build & & java -jar build/libs/app-0.1-all.jar Quarkus gradle build & & java -jar build/quarkus-app/quarkus-run.jar Spring Boot gradle bootJar && java -jar build/libs/spring-boot-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar Helidon mvn package && java -jar target/helidon.jar Build and run on the JVM
18. @mraible Build with GraalVM https://www.graalvm.org sdk install java 21.0.2-graalce
19. @mraible Serverless https://unsplash.com/photos/glRqyWJgUeY 💵 💸
20. @mraible https://twitter.com/therealdanvega/status/1666098085616046081 Use Cases for Native Images
21. @mraible Micronaut gradle nativeCompile Quarkus gradle build -Dquarkus.package.type=native Spring Boot gradle nativeCompile Helidon mvn package -Pnative-image Build with GraalVM
22. @mraible Containerizing with Docker
23. @mraible Micronaut gradle dockerBuildNative docker tag app:latest mraible/micronaut:latest Quarkus gradle build -Dquarkus.package.type=native -Dquarkus.native.container-build=true docker build -f src/main/docker/Dockerfile.native -t quarkus . docker tag quarkus:latest mraible/quarkus:latest Build Docker Images
24. @mraible Spring Boot gradle bootBuildImage -- imageName=spring-boot docker tag spring-boot:latest mraible/spring-boot:latest Helidon docker build -t helidon -f Dockerfile.native . docker tag helidon:latest mraible/helidon:latest Build Docker Images
25. @mraible Performance Startup performance Docker startup on EC2 Native memory usage Docker memory usage Load testing with Apache Bench Load testing with Gatling
26. @mraible Imperative Native Startup Apple M3; printed Duration (ms) 0 12.5 25 37.5 50 23.2 25.6 9 8.2 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
27. @mraible Reactive Native Startup Apple M3; scripted Duration (ms) 0 12.5 25 37.5 50 30.4 36.6 16.8 26 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
28. @mraible Tests run on a 2023 MacBook Pro M3
29. @mraible Imperative Docker Startup AWS EC2 t2.micro Duration (ms) 0 37.5 75 112.5 150 132.4 136 33.6 50.4 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
30. @mraible Reactive Docker Startup AWS EC2 t2.micro Duration (ms) 0 37.5 75 112.5 150 132.8 146.2 43.4 59.2 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
31. @mraible Imperative Native Memory Usage 0 100 200 300 Megabytes 69 109 71 105 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon After 10,000 requests
32. @mraible Reactive Native Memory Usage 0 100 200 300 Megabytes 70 222 56 103 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon After 10,000 requests
33. @mraible Imperative Docker Memory Usage 0 25 50 75 100 Megabytes 51 45 11 16 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon After 10 requests
34. @mraible Reactive Docker Memory Usage 0 25 50 75 100 Megabytes 16 51 11 13 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon After 10 requests
35. @mraible Load Testing with Apache Bench
36. @mraible Imperative Apache Bench Results Requests per second Time per request Time for tests 0 125 250 375 500 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
37. @mraible Reactive Apache Bench Results Requests per second Time per request Time for tests 0 125 250 375 500 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
38. @mraible Load Testing with Gatling ⬇ https://docs.gatling.io/reference/install/oss
39. @mraible Gatling Simulation
40. @mraible Con f igure and Run Gatling export URL=<copy from Gitpod> export TOKEN=<copy from Auth0 CLI> ./mvnw gatling:test
41. @mraible Gatling Reports
42. @mraible Gatling Results: Micronaut
43. @mraible Gatling Results: Micronaut
44. @mraible Imperative Gatling Results 🏆
45. @mraible Reactive Gatling Results 🏆
46. @mraible Full Gatling Results
47. @mraible 🏆 Spring WebFlux and Helidon SE
48. @mraible TechEmpower Benchmarks https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks
49. @mraible Quarkus Insights Quarkus Insights #166: Lies, Damn Lies...and Techempower(?) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m48IDNTxJcM
50. @mraible Quarkus Insights Quarkus Insights #137: Comparing Native Java REST API Frameworks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoU1ruBSXSA
51. @mraible Hyperfoil
52. @mraible Community https://unsplash.com/photos/PGnqT0rXWLs
53. @mraible Stack Over f low Tags 0 40000 80000 120000 160000 May 2024 152 148,913 4,545 1,818 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
54. @mraible GitHub Stars 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 May 2024 3,400 73,100 13,200 6,000 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
55. @mraible GitHub Star Growth
56. @mraible Jobs on LinkedIn (US) 0 450 900 1350 1800 May 2024 1,628 665 0 1 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
57. @mraible Jobs on Indeed (US) 0 450 900 1350 1800 May 2024 18 1,634 26 10 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
58. @mraible Twitter Followers 0 30000 60000 90000 120000 May 2024 4,819 105,800 19,200 13,500 Micronaut Quarkus Spring Boot Helidon
59. @mraible Action! https://github.com/mraible/java-rest-api-examples gh repo clone \ mraible/java-rest-api-examples
60. @mraible Thank you! Keep in touch https://raibledesigns.com @mraible and in/mraible Presentations https://speakerdeck.com/mraible Code https://github.com/mraible