Dr. Caroline Barelle ONTOCHAIN Coordinator European Dynamics [email protected] Pr. Vlado Stankovski Computer Sciences University of Ljubljana [email protected] Dr. Thanasis Papaioannou Athens University of Economics and Business [email protected]
organisation, the governance and the policies structure a framework to facilitate free speech and private enterprise. This being of course true for this great mean of expression that is the Internet. However, from its current standpoint, Internet can’t assure that bias or systematic abuse of global trust are avoided. Regarding content handling and information exchange, several threats in the real life scenarios of person’s interaction with the Internet have been identified. And the ONTOCHAIN European program is bring to you today in order to mitigate and overcome with you these threats thanks to relevant technology and innovative business models. The ONTOCHAIN program consist in building an open and collaborative cross-border, cross-sectoral innovation ecosystem that fosters the use of blockchain technology for trustworthy content handling and information exchange in vital sectors for the European economy.
of person’s interaction with the Internet 2. Means and requirements for trustworthy content handling and information exchange 3. ONTOCHAIN-based trust management within semantically complex, dynamic and decentralised ecosystems of actors and resources 4. ONTOCHAIN Business model 5. Open discussion, sharing of idea
interaction with the Internet Centralisation of power Even though the Internet started as a truly decentralised network, balance of power has been broken by the dominating services that now support it. A centralised network has the power of information and knowledge in the hands and can potentially dictate what is true and what is false. Unknown provenance of information We all make daily decisions on the basis of information we find on the Internet. But the provenance of these information is hard, slow, and costly to verify and their quality itself is often uneven and unassessed. Someone with no credentials / expertise but with a large community can get high credibility on social networks and ultimately in mainstream media. Information can be corrupted by malicious storage and network, or by censorship and can be shared and propagate to unforeseeable extent.
interaction with the Internet Anonimity & unreliable identities The practice of publishing anonymously or pseudonymously has a long history in different media leading sometime to misinformation. Moreover even though there is no way today to be truly anonymous on the Internet, there is a need to retain at least some amount of anonymity and protect the privacy of the people who need it. Removing anonymity from the Internet is thus not the mean to mitigate information disorder on the Internet. Even with anonymity removed, the issue of misinformation will remain: real people can and will provide false information for different reasons. No fair rewards for good quality contribution Various platforms publicly expose users’ ratings as metadata over the public internet, typically relating to the profile of single users. This model is flawed in two ways: 1- it allows spam to mislead prospective consumers, while past consumers have little incentive in providing their feedback, 2- the revenue that service providers make are not shared with the users that took the time to provide feedback.
interaction with the Internet Bias in Artificial Intelligence software The under-representation of some social groups both in privately owned companies and in governments de facto excludes those groups from contributing to ethical questions and discussions. For example, Amazon’s recruiting engine was shelved because it was shown to unfairly discriminate against potential female hires. Bias in AI systems such as evoked in the aforementioned example create mistrust between humans and machines that learn. AI systems, if not trained correctly can only reveal how human are partial, parochial, and cognitively biased leading us to adopt partial and unequal behaviors. Trustworthy blockchain interoperability The blockchain technology is victim of its own success with dozens of new projects emerging each year most of them leading to stand- alone, disconnected blockchains entailing different ecosystems, hashing algorithms, consensus models and communities. The blockchain space is becoming increasingly siloed, and its core philosophical concept — the idea of decentralization — is being undermined.
information exchange ONTOCHAIN proposes to suitably federate blockchain and semantic technologies to overcome the aforementioned threats. Require to face the 4 following technological challenges : 1-The decentralisation of heterogeneous components Techniques, algorithms and software from different fields (e.g. knowledge representation, storage and querying, Machine Learning, data analytics) have to be leveraged and integrated in a unique decentralized ontology framework. Specific adaptations are required to port each heterogeneous component connected to a blockchain, to run efficiently and safely in a decentralized way. 2-The fast pace of innovation in blockchains Technologies that enable ONTOCHAIN are evolving quickly and many design choices will become obsolete before the end of the project. For the sustainability of ONTOCHAIN a flexible approach is adopted where each technical sub-projects produces two different results: 1- a proof of concept that can be integrated into the ONTOCHAIN prototype, 2- a generic design that can be reused outside of the project.
information exchange 3-The open design and flexible design ONTOCHAIN Sub-projects have to make numerous trade-offs, e.g. between the granularity and how much data is stored on-chain vs. performance, that may evolve as future blockchain protocols emerge. Keeping these trade-offs documented and adaptable will help making ONTOCHAIN contributions interoperable and sustainable. 4-The formal logic proofs Another technological challenge is how to transparently derive a new truth out of several known truths according to a set of rules. ONTOCHAIN Sub-projects have to elaborate a method to design specific Smart Contracts that would implement first order logic directly on the blockchain.
open to an unexpected visitor? Should I borrow my car to my neighbour? Who will gain access to my video stream for processing? Can we trust the sensors and the traffic lights on the smart crossing? Can we trust the documents in the archive? When I move my smart car from Ljubljana to Vienna what happens with my transactions? Who can access my files? … many scenarios … and many scenarios have already been explained… #ICT2018 e-SIDES project: Fog Computing and the Problem of Trust Trust-critical use cases
replication based on security needs Possibility for split and join operations with ONTOBLOCKs Quality of Service managements with trade-offs for ONTOBLOCKs: in memory, temporary usage of blocks, storage for indefinite time, number of replicas versus storage cost etc. Trusted approaches for ontologies and metadata management Trusted approaches for data management ONTOBLO CK TRUS T People, resources Data, Metadata, Knowledge, Information Internet of Things Microservice containers Edge-to-Cloud infrastructures Artificial Intelligence algorithms Digital Twins ONTOBLOCK
Block Forest Designed for indefinite usage Supporting services for continuous Knowledge Block Forest operation: ONTOBLOCKS split & join ONTOBLOCKs archiving ONTOBLOCKs defragmentation In memory ONTOBLOCKs High security ONTOBLOCKs Moving blocks vertically or horizontally Local versus Global decision making Geographic mapping of ONTOBLOCKs Top blocks have much higher security, are kept in memory, regularly copied between countries Trust in the provided information! ONT OBLO CK ONT OBLO CK ONT OBLO CK ONT OBLO CK ONT OBLO CK ONT OBLO CK The Knowledge Block Tree and Forest
information Self-sovereign identity Trusted and secure data management Asset ownership management Secure and transparent copyright management and verification Marketplace(s) setup and operation Technology oriented Trusted and secure third-party data integration in Blockchain logic Blockchain based database access management to preserve and maintain integrity and reliability of data Trust based on transparent, secure, decentralised reputation models Decentralised Blockchain Database concept Intraledger transaction execution and data exchange Semantic annotation of Big Data pipelines ONTOCHAIN application and technology areas
Supply chain management Education Trusted and transparent learning platforms eGovernment/Public Services Smart city scenarios Identity and access management to computing resources/storage/IoT sensor/software components Shared mobility Digital identity Trusted identification and authentication Individual control of identity without the intervening administrative authorities Digital insurance policies eContent Trusted crowd-source journalism (reputation and blockchain models to validate information and identify participants) Preserve data integrity and security (verify data from large, trusted ontology models) Copyright management Social network privacy control eHealth Medical supply chain to prevent fake/counterfeit drugs Secure management of electronic health records (EHRs) Patient consent management Basis for the 1st Call; User story examples to be included Application domains
traffic management, private data exchange, self-sovereign identities, job marketplace (verification through degrees, recommendation letters, trust in information and fact checking, confidential oracles etc.), etc.
paper about your idea • Create web page and an app • Exchange your new crypto with something • IPO • An initial public offering (IPO) refers to the process of offering shares of a private corporation to the public in a new stock issuance • Public share issuance allows a company to raise capital from public investors. The transition from a private to a public company can be an important time for private investors to fully realize gains from their investment as it typically includes share premiums for current private investors.
Cryptocurrencies • ETH, EDU, ONT, etc. • Partially owned by blockchain creators • Used for compensating blockchain contributors • Others sold • Mandatory for using distributed apps in the blockchain ecosystem • Initial Public Offering • Businesses hold some of the utility tokens and release the rest for the network functionality. • They make a profit when the value of the utility token rises 27
for other business for managing their blockchain system • In this ecosystem, the companies can experiment, test and do research • Microsoft(Azure), Amazon(AWS), IBM(BlueMix), etc. offer blockchain as a service(BaaS) • The end users don’t have to worry about how blockchain works and don’t need to set it up before working on it • BaaS also eradicates the need for hardware, which in turn, enables startups, companies or organizations to focus on their development cycle 28
for blockchain development • Hyperledger is one of those examples which provides tools, frameworks, and guidelines for blockchain development. The key here is rapid development • Other examples include Tendermint and EthCore 29
for big corporates • The easiest way to do so is to buy a blockchain solution and integrate it into their system • This gives rise to the blockchain companies that create a solution and then sell them to bigger companies • Providing blockchain technology to other organizations can be extremely profitable • reasonable payment upfront, and • support fees after implementation 30
associated with the blockchain use itself • These type of blockchain business model applies to both blockchain solution such as Ethereum or dApps that charge a small amount to the user for different activities on the network • E.g., Ethereum network charges developers Ethereum for making their dApp live. The same is valid for NEO which has a fee for dApp publication 31
leading expert development companies to startups or other businesses to get them ready with blockchain • E.g., a business would want someone to build their custom blockchain project. In that case, they can hire companies such as Deloitte, IBM or others to complete the project for them 32
ONG utility tokens • Ontology decouples ONT and ONG to alleviate risk of turbulent fluctuations of the native “asset” value on the gas fee (similar to shadow cost of resources) • ONT is used for staking, while ONG is paid to miners/stakers and storage nodes • ONG is exchanged in transactions • Holding ONT releases ONG periodically • ONG unbound per block and shared among stakers according to ONT shares • 18 years process to distribute 1,000,000,000 ONG 35
GAS tokens, similarly to Ontology • NEO represents management rights, i.e., voting for bookkeeping, NEO network parameter changes, and so on • NEO network charges GAS for storage of tokens and smart contracts for economic incentives and consolidated use of resources • 100 million NEO, minimum unit 1 • 100 million GAS, minimum unit 0.00000001 • NEO’s 100 million tokens is divided into two portions: • 50 million tokens distributed proportionally to supporters of NEO during the crowdfunding • 50 million NEO managed by the NEO Council to support NEO’s long-term development, operation 36
by EU • Tokenomics – P2P services exchange platform (ICO) • Token release is linked to consensus building, and to sustainable development • Blockchain as a service and development platform • Network fees for using the network
Barelle ONTOCHAIN Coordinator European Dynamics [email protected] Pr. Vlado Stankovski Computer Sciences University of Ljubljana [email protected] Dr. Thanasis Papaioannou Athens University of Economics and Business [email protected]
to maintain competitive advantage? • Platform compatibility might make it easier for existing dApp developers to contribute, but is it a double-edged sword? 41
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