CN Buildpacksが作る未来

builderscon 2019でトークした内容です。以下CFP抜粋

CloudNative Buildpacksは従来、HerokuやCloud Foundationを中心に利用されていたBuildpacksがCNCF Sandboxに追加され、Herokuを中心に仕様を策定したCN Buildpack v3 Lifecycleがリリースされています。

Buildpacksはアプリケーションコードを元に必要なミドルウェアやコンフィグを自動でインストールし、アプリケーションが動作する環境をアプリケーションエンジニアが意識することなく開発できる体験を提供します。
具体的にはアプリケーションリポジトリにindex.phpがあればPHPをインストールするというようにリポジトリにあるソースから必要なミドルウェア、コンフィグが判断されます。

話し手はGMOペパボにおいて、全社で利用できるBuildpacksリポジトリを開発、運用しており、アプリケーションリポジトリでmake build を実行するだけで、そのアプリケーションが動作するコンテナイメージが作成されるという仕組みを構築しています。

今後マイクロサービス化がより加速していくと、それに伴い多くの実行環境を準備する必要があるので、Buildpacksのビルドの仕組み、またはそれを構築したノウハウはこのセッションを聴いてくださる方々にとって今後必要になる知識だと思います。

Buildpacksを使ったことがない方、またCN Buildpacksを検討している方はぜひこのセッションを聞きに来てください。

Transcript

1. ʙՆͷ೔ͷSPBEUPʙ
   !QZBNB(.01FQBCP *OD
   ϖύϘςοΫΧϯϑΝϨϯε
   $/#VJMEQBDLT͕
   ࡞Δະདྷ
   

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2. γχΞɾϓϦϯγύϧΤϯδχΞ
   ࢁԼ࿨඙!QZBNB
   ٕज़෦ٕज़ج൫νʔϜ
   

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3. CVJMEFSTDPO
   ߴूੵίϯςφϗεςΟϯάʹ͓͚ΔϘτϧωοΫͱͦͷղ๏
   

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4. -JOVYͷ౷߹Ϣʔβʔ؅ཧ
   50.-ܗࣜ
   )551+40/
   -%"1΍%#ͷ؅ཧ͕ෆཁ
   ѻ͍΍͍͢ϑΥʔϚοτ
   ൚༻ੑɾ֦ுੑ
   IUUQTTUOTKQ
   

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5. -JOVY
   MJCOTTTUOT
   JEFYBNQMF
   VJE FYBNQMF
   HJE FYBNQMF
   HSPVQT FYBNQMF
   
   VTFS OBNFFYBNQMF
   <\
   OBNFFYBNQMF
   JE
   
   ^>
   γϯϓϧͰࣗ༝౓ͷߴ͍ઃܭ
   αʔό࣮૷΋͍ΘΏΔ3&45GVM෩ɺMJCOTTTUOT͔Β೚ҙͷίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͨ͠
   ݁ՌΛར༻Ͱ͖Δ࢓૊Έ΋͋ΔͷͰΫϥΠΞϯτଆͷ֦ு΋ࣗ༝ࣗࡏ
   
   JE
   LFZT<TTI>
   HSPVQ@JE
   TUOTDPOG
   

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6. EPDLFSSVOOBNFTUOTETUOTTUOTMBUFTU
   EPDLFSFYFDJUTUOTCJOCBTI
   JEFYBNQMF
   VJE FYBNQMF
   HJE FYBNQMF
   HSPVQT FYBNQMF
   
   ͙͢ʹࢼͤ·͢
   DVSMGT4-IUUQTSFQPTUOTKQTDSJQUTZVNSFQPTIcTI
   DVSMGT4-IUUQTSFQPTUOTKQTDSJQUTBQUSFQPTIcTI
   %PDLFS
   $FOU04
   VCVOUVEFCJBO
   

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7. ϗεςΟϯάࣄۀ &$ࢧԉࣄۀ ϋϯυϝΠυɾͦͷଞࣄۀ
   

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8. ೥ ϩϦϙοϓʂϨϯλϧαʔόαʔϏεఏڙ։࢝
   ೥
   ೥
   ೥ ϔςϜϧαʔϏεఏڙ։࢝
   1ࢁ͕ϖύϘʹೖࣾʂʂ̍
   ೥݄೔
   ࣛࣇౡݝग़ਫࢢʹ͓͍ͯ1ࢁര஀ʂʂ̍
   ೥ ݱࡏɾ૑ۀ೥໨
   ϜʔϜʔυϝΠϯαʔϏεఏڙ։࢝
   

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9. $MPVE/BUJWF
   #VJMEQBDLT
   

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10. $MPVE/BUJWF#VJMEQBDLTʹ͍ͭͯ
    %PDLFSpMFͱͷൺֱ
    ϖύϘͰͷ׆༻ࣄྫ
    $MPVE/BUJWF#VJMEQBDLT͕ى͜͢มԽ
    ๻ͷ൒ੜɺՄѪ͔ͬͨ༮গظʹ͍ͭͯ
    ࠓ೔࿩͢͜ͱ
    

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11. w IFSPLV΍$MPVE'PVOESZͰ։ൃ͞Ε͖ͯͨίϯςφ

    Ϗϧυͷ࢓૊Έ
    w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυΛݩʹίϯςφΠϝʔδΛੜ੒
    w ྫDPNQPTFSKTPO͕͋Ε͹1)1ΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ
    #VJMEQBDL
    

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12. #VJMEQBDLXJUIIFSPLV
    IUUQTKQIFSPLVDPNFMFNFOUTCVJMEQBDLT
    

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13. #VJME1BDLͷ՝୊
    IFSPLV΍$MPVE'PVOESZͷ࣮૷Ͱ
    ૬ޓʹඍົʹಈ͔ͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋Δ
    

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14. w ೥ʹ1JWPUBMͱIFSPLVʹΑͬͯ։࢝
    w $/$'$MPVE/BUJWF4BOECPY΁௥Ճ
    w ݱঢ়͸7FSTJPȌͷ4QFD͕ϦϦʔε͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    w ඪ४Խ͞Εͨ4QFDʹج͖ͮ0$*ΠϝʔδΛ࡞੒Մೳ
    $MPVE/BUJWF#VJMEQBDLT $/#
    
    

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15. w ۀքඪ४Խஂମ
    w 0$*Wͱ͍͏ίϯςφͷ3VOUJNF4QFDͱ
    *NBHF
    'PSNBU4QFDΛఆΊͨ
    w 0$*ΠϝʔδͰ͋Ε͹0$*Wʹ४ڌ͍ͯ͠Δ؀ڥͰಈ࡞͢
    Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    0$* 0QFO$POUBJOFS*OJUJBUJWF
    
    

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16. w MJGFDZDMF QBDLͷࢀߟ࣮૷͕HJUIVCDPNCVJMEQBDLʹͯ
    ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔɻQBDLίϚϯυ͸8SBQQFSͰ࣮ଶ͸$/#
    ͷ4QFDΛ࣮૷ͨ͠MJGFDZDMF͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ
    5PPMT
    QBDL
    DPOUBJOFSQSPDFTT
    MJGFDZDMF
    &YFDVUF
    

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17. #VJMEQBDLMJGFDZDMF
    IUUQTXXXDODGJPCMPHDODGUPIPTUDMPVEOBUJWFCVJMEQBDLTJOUIFTBOECPY
    

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18. 3VCZΠϝʔδΛ
    #VJMEͯ͠ΈΔ
    

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19. ৄղ
    $MPVE/BUJWF#VJMEQBDL
    

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20. ֓ཁ
    

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21. ϏϧυͷྲྀΕ
    "QQMJDBUJPO
    $PEF
    #VJMEFS*NBHF
    SVCZDOC
    OPEFDOC
    3VO*NBHF
    "QQMJDBUJPO
    $PEF
    SVCZMBZFS
    QBDLCVJME
    QIQDOC
    CVJME
    CVJME
    FYQPSU
    #VJMEFS*NBHFͰ"TTFUTΛ#VJME͠ɺ
    ࡞੒͞ΕͨMBZFSΛ3VO*NBHFʹॏͶΔ
    

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22. w ͲͷCVJMEQBDLΛ࢖͏
    w ॱং͸
    w CVJMEJNBHF͸
    w SVOJNBHF͸
    #VJMEFS*NBHFͷఆٛ
    

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23. % pack create-builder \
    --builder-config builder.toml
    $ docker push
    #VJMEFSͷCVJME
    #VJMEFSࣗ਎΋Πϝʔδͱͯ͠

    CVJMEͰ͖Δ͔ΒՄൖੑ͕ߴ͍
    

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24. #VJMEQBDLTͷ࣮ߦ
    SVCZDOC
    CJOEFUFDU
    CJOCVJME
    #VJMEQBDL಺ʹ͋ΔEFUFDU CVJME͕
    MJGFDZDMF͔Β࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ
    QIQDOC
    CJOEFUFDU
    CJOCVJME
    OPEFDOC
    CJOEFUFDU
    CJOCVJME
    MJGFDZDMF
    3VCZ͸Πϯετʔϧ͢Δʁ
    1)1ίϯύΠϧ͠·͢Ͷ
    

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25. MBZFSTEJS
    MBZFST SVCZDOC
    QIQDOC
    #VJME*NBHFʹ૊Έࠐ·Εͨ$/#͸
    MBZFSTσΟϨΫτϦΛى఺ʹ഑ஔ͞ΕΔ
    EFUFDU
    CJO
    EFUFDU
    CJO
    

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26. #VJMEFS*NBHF
    ಄ͷ੔ཧ
    MBZFST SVCZDOC
    QIQDOC
    #VJMEFS*BNBHFͷதʹ͋Δɺ
    MBZFSTσΟϨΫτϦʹ$/#͕഑ஔ͞Εɺ
    MJGFDZDMF͕ݺͼग़͢
    EFUFDU
    CJO
    EFUFDU
    CJO
    MJGFDZDMF
    

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27. *OTJEF#VJMEQBDL
    

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28. %FUFDU
    #VJME1BDLΛϏϧυʹར༻͢Δ͔ʁ
    1BTT
    GBJM
    PSFSSPS
    ͷΑ͏ʹ
    ໭Γ஋Ͱར༻Մ൱ɺΤϥʔΛฦ٫͢Δ
    

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29. %FUFDU
    ґଘؔ܎Λࣔͨ͢Ίʹ
    #VJME1MBOΛఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    ྫCVOEMFSΛར༻͢Δʹ͸
    3VCZ͕ඞཁ
    [[provides]]
    name = "bundler"
    [[requires]]
    name = "ruby"
    version = "2.6.3"
    

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30. w ίϯςφΠϝʔδʹอଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔϝλσʔλ͔Βࠩ෼Λ
    ݕग़͠ɺݱࡏͷࢿ࢈ͱൺֱ͠ɺ#VJMEͷ࠷దԽΛߦ͏
    "OBMZ[F
    % docker inspect | jq -r '.[].Config.Labels'
    # snip
    "buildpacks": [
    {
    "key": "com.examples.buildpacks.ruby",
    "version": "0.0.1",
    "layers": {
    "ruby": {
    "sha": "sha256:xxxxxxxxxx",
    ]
    

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31. w όΠφϦɺ"TTFUTͷίϯύΠϧͳͲ
    w ؀ڥม਺ͷઃఆ
    w ىಈίϚϯυͷઃఆ
    #VJME
    

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32. #VJMEόΠφϦɺ"TTFUT
    MBZFST SVCZDOC
    QIQDOC
    3VCZΛల։͍ͨ͠ྫ
    SVCZ
    # rubyΛμ΢ϯϩʔυ͢Δ
    % wget -q -O - "$ruby_url" | tar -xzf - -C "/layers/
    ruby-cnb/ruby"
    # /layers//.toml
    % echo -e 'launch = true' > /layers/ruby-cnb/ruby.toml
    

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33. Launch Layers
    A buildpack MAY specify that a // directory is
    a launch layer by placing launch = true in /
    .toml.
    The lifecycle MUST include each launch layer in the built OCI
    image. The lifecycle MUST also store the Layer Content Metadata
    associated with each layer so that it can be recovered using the
    layer Diff ID.
    IUUQTHJUIVCDPNCVJMEQBDLTQFDCMPCNBTUFSCVJMEQBDLNEFOWJSPONFOU
    

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34. Build Layers
    A buildpack MAY specify that a // directory is
    a build layer by placing build = true in /
    .toml.
    The lifecycle MUST make all build layers accessible to
    subsequent buildpacks as described in the Environment section.
    IUUQTHJUIVCDPNCVJMEQBDLTQFDCMPCNBTUFSCVJMEQBDLNEFOWJSPONFOU
    

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35. #VJME؀ڥม਺ͷఆٛ
    IUUQTHJUIVCDPNCVJMEQBDLTQFDCMPCNBTUFSCVJMEQBDLNEFOWJSPONFOU
    MJGFDZDMFͷ࣮૷Ͱ؀ڥม਺͸ࣗಈఆٛ
    

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36. #VJME؀ڥม਺ͷఆٛ
    MBZFST SVCZDOC
    QIQDOC
    ؀ڥม਺Λ௥Ճ͍ͨ͠έʔε
    SVCZ
    % echo $PATH
    /layers/ruby-cnb/ruby/bin
    % echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    /layers/ruby-cnb/ruby/lib
    % echo "/ruby/bin:" > /layers/ruby-cnb/ruby/env/PATH.append
    

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37. #VJMEىಈίϚϯυͷઃఆ
    ىಈ͍ͨ͠ϓϩηεΛ

    MBZFSTMBVODIUPNMͱͯ͠ఆٛ
    [[processes]]
    type = "web"
    command = "bundle exec ruby app.rb"
    

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38. #VJMEىಈίϚϯυͷઃఆ
    ෳ਺ͷ$/#Λ࣮ߦ͠ಉ͡ͳΒ͹ޙউͪ
    [[processes]]
    type = "web"
    command = "bundle exec ruby app.rb"
    SVCZDOC
    [[processes]]
    type = "web"
    command = "npm start"
    OQNDOC
    SVCZDOCͷޙʹ
    OQNDOCΛ࣮ߦ
    ⊗
    ʮOQNTUBSUʯ͕
    ىಈίϚϯυͱͳΔ
    

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39. &YQPSU
    ݱঢ়ͷMJGFDZDMF࣮૷ͩͱ
    %PDLFSͷ"1*ʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ
    % docker save test-ruby-app > test-rb.tar
    % tar zxv test-rb.tar
    % cd f831edb4ae8ed...
    % tar zxvf layer.tar
    tar: Removing leading '/' from member names
    x workspace
    x workspace/Gemfile
    x workspace/Gemfile.lock
    x workspace/app.rb
    

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40. &YQPSU ࢀߟ
    
    % docker inspect test-ruby-app | jq . | grep RootFS -A10
    "RootFS": {
    "Type": "",
    "Layers": [
    "sha256:f831edb4ae8ed4e9c87d8ec195d98334191fd772c40d7375be1df51443dcf0df",
    "sha256:ce430ae9aaef0810265eb37e374ec448af547fbf0b391a3879140faaf45391fd",
    "sha256:0670c818350e963326b7655c0ae7fd2e2438a50a46feb2ffd9b4ae05841c1126",
    "sha256:b0d2839a2e054261cafa3d694db5e548342785313a282020e3b19704b8995328",
    "sha256:c8a8ddb80dd9923057bd12f9f69c6b093925a8925f3c37550a88b90f02699aa9",
    "sha256:512ae48a9f9d01cc9eb6a822660ce2cf3ad5a9c6c6fddc315cdcbb191e3b59a3"
    ]
    },
    

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41. ͪΐͬͱͩΔͦ͏ͩͱ
    ࢥͬͯΔਓ͍Δ͡ΌΜ͔͢ʁ
    

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42. w HJUIVCDPNCVJMEQBDLMJCCVJMEQBDL
    w ຊՈCVJMEQBDLͷ(PϥΠϒϥϦ
    w HJUIVCDPNDMPVEGPVOESZMJCCVJMEQBDL
    w ຊՈCVJMEQBDLΛDMPVEGPVOESZ͕8SBQ࣮ͨ͠૷
    w HJUIVCDPNDMPVEGPVOESZQIQEJTUDOC
    w $MPVE'PVOESZ͕࣮૷͍ͯ͠Δ֤छݴޠͷ$/#
    #VJMEQBDLT
    ॆ࣮ͨ͠։ൃ؀ڥ
    

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43. MJCSBSZ͕4QFDΛӅಗͯ͘͠ΕΔ
    HJUIVCDPNDMPVEGPVOESZOQNDOC
    

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44. ૬ޓʹґଘղܾΛߦ͍ͳ͕ΒɺΞϓ
    ϦέʔγϣϯΛݩʹϓϩάϥϚϒϧ
    ʹίϯςφΠϝʔδΛ࡞੒͢Δࣄ͕
    Ͱ͖Δ
    ىಈίϚϯυ΍؀ڥม਺ͷఆٛ͸
    UPNMͰఆΊΒΕͨϑΥʔϚοτʹ
    ΑͬͯఆٛͰ͖Δ
    ݴޠͷ$/#ͳͲ͸$MPVE'PVOESZ
    ͳͲͷઌߦऀ͕044ͱͯ͠ఏڙͯ͠
    ͍Δ
    ͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ
    #VJMEFS*NBHF
    SVCZDOC
    OPEFDOC
    QIQDOC
    CVJME
    CVJME
    

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45. %PDLFSpMFͱͷҧ͍
    

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46. w 4FDVSJUZ'JYͳͲͷରԠ
    w #VJME"TTFUTͷྲྀ༻ੑ
    w #VJME؀ڥ
    %PDLFSpMFͱ$/#ͷൺֱ
    

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47. %PDLFSpMF
    w %PDLFSpMF͝ͱʹؤுΔ
    w #BTF*NBHFΛఆٛ͢Δ
    4FDVSJUZ'JY
    $/#
    w #VJME*NBHFΛߋ৽͢Δ
    

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48. ࢄࡏ͕ͪ͠ͳ%PDLFSpMF
    PSHBQJ
    %PDLFSpMF
    PSHXXX
    %PDLFSpMF
    PSHJOGSB
    %PDLFSpMF
    PSHVTFS
    %PDLFSpMF
    PSHCMPH
    %PDLFSpMF
    ͢΂ͯͷ%PDLFSpMFͷߋ৽ٴͼɺ

    ࣮ଶ֬ೝ͕ඞཁ
    

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49. FROM ubuntu:latest
    RUN apt install libssl-dev openssl
    %PDLFSʹ͓͚Δ#BTF*NBHFӡ༻
    FYBNQMFCBTFMBUFTU
    FROM example/base:latest(X.X.X)
    RUN apt install php httpd
    FYBNQMFPSJHJOMBUFTU
    7FSTJPOॻ͍ͪΌ͏ͱɺ
    CBTF͕ߋ৽͞ΕͨΒશ
    ෦ͷ%PDLFSpMFॻ͍ͯճ
    Βͳ͍ͱߦ͚ͳ͍
    CBTFͰ0QFO44-
    ߋ৽͞Ε͚ͨͲपลϥΠϒ
    ϥϦಈ͘ʁ
    

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50. wΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛݩʹɺίʔυͰϏϧυ͢Δ
    ͷͰϓϩάϥϚϒϧʹґଘղܾͳͲ͕ߦΘΕΔ
    wϏϧμʔΛߋ৽͢Ε͹ͦΕΛར༻͢ΔϦϙδτ
    ϦͷΠϝʔδ͸ࣗಈͰ࠷৽ʹͳΔ
    $/#ͳΒ͹ʁ
    

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51. %PDLFSpMF
    #VJMEҙࢥܾఆͷҧ͍
    $/#
    %PDLFSpMFʹ0QFO44-Λ
    ࢖͏ͱॻ͘
    EPDLFSCVJME˞
    $/#ʹɺ؀ڥʹΑͬͯ
    0QFO44-ɺΛ࢖͏

    ίʔυΛॻ͘
    QBDLCVJE
    0QFO44-Λ࢖͏Πϝʔδ
    ര஀
    0QFO44-ɺͷར༻͕ΞϓϦ
    έʔγϣϯίʔυΛج४ͱͨ͠Ͱҙࢥ
    ܾఆʹΑͬͯબ͹Εͨϝʔδര஀
    ˞ɹϏϧυ࣌ʹ؀ڥม਺ͳͲͰڍಈΛมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͸΍Ζ͏ͱࢥ͑͹Ͱ͖Δ
    

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52. %PDLFSpMF
    w LBOJLPCVJMELJUͳͲΛར༻͠

    ඇಛݖ؀ڥʹͯϏϧυͰ͖Δ
    #VJME؀ڥ
    $/#
    w %PDLFSσʔϞϯʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ

    ͨΊɺಛݖ͕ඞཁ
    

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53. $/#͸தԝूݖతʹ
    ҙࢥܾఆͷఆٛΛߦ͍
    ஗Ԇ࣮ߦͰ͖Δ͕
    ಛݖ͕ࠓͷͱ͜Ζ͸ඞཁ
    

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54. (.0ϖύϘʹ͓͚Δ
    $/#ͷར׆༻ʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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55. w े਺ݸͷαʔϏεΛ։ൃɺӡ༻͍ͯ͠Δ
    w ྺ࢙తͳܦҢ΋͋Γɺ1)1ɺ3VCZɺ(PMBOH͕

    ϝΠϯͷ։ൃݴޠͰɺόʔδϣϯ΋༷ʑ
    w ։ൃ؀ڥ͸7BHSBOU࣌ʑ%PDLFS
    ϖύϘͷഎܠ
    

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56. Α͋͘Δ΍ͭ
    

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57. ʮ։ൃ؀ڥ্ཱ͕͕ͪΒͳ͍Μ

    Ͱ͚͢Ͳʁʯ
    

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58. CVOEMFFYFDDBQQSPEVDUJPOEFQMPZ
    ͕ɺͳΜ͔Τϥʔग़ͯࢭ·ΔΜͰ͚͢Ͳʁ
    

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59. ৺ͷ੠
    

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60. ͦ͏͍͏ͷ͸શ෦
    ,VCFSOFUFT࢖͑͹͍͍ͬͯ
    Ͳ͔ͬͰฉ͖·ͨ͠
    

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61. ,VCFSOFUFTXJUI$/#
    HJUQVTI
    UFTUCVJME
    QVTIJNBHF
    EFQMPZJNBHF
    TXBQEFQMPZNFOU
    

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62. ,VCFSOFUFTXJUI$/#
    HJUQVTI
    UFTUCVJME
    QVTIJNBHF
    EFQMPZJNBHF
    TXBQEFQMPZNFOU
    

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63. ίϚϯυͰΠϝʔδ͕ര஀
    PSHBQJ
    QIQ
    PSHXXX
    1)1
    PSHJOGSB
    1)1
    PSHCMPH
    1)1
    % pack build --builder
    xxxx/tech-php-builder:0.0.1
    #VJMEFS*NBHFΛϓϥΠϕʔτϨδετϦͰ؅ཧ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊ
    ίϚϯυҰͭͰɺͲͷ1)1ϦϙδτϦͰ࣮ߦͯ͠΋࠷దͳΠϝʔδ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    

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64. ୤ઢ
    5FMFQSFTFOTF
    

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65. 5FMFQSFTFOTF
    

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66. #FGPSF5FMFQSFTFOTF
    XXX
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    BQJ
    EPDLFSDPNQPTF΍7BHSBOUΛ
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67. "GUFS5FMFQSFTFOTF
    XXX
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    BQJ
    ඞཁͳαʔϏε͚ͩखݩͰىಈͯ͠ɺ
    ࢒Γ͸,VCFSOFUFTͷϦιʔεΛ࢖͏
    BQJ
    

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68. w ࠃ಺ʹ৘ใ͕গͳ͍தͰͷ$/#։ൃ
    w ֤ݴޠͷ࣮૷ϚδͰԶ͕΍ΔΜ͔ʁͱ͍͏ؾ࣋ͪ
    w $MPVE'PVOEMZ࠷ߴ
    ۤ࿑ͨ͜͠ͱɺͦͯ͠ݱঢ়ͱ͜Ε͔Β
    w ϗεςΟϯάࣄۀͷϩϦϙοϓʂͷ։ൃ؀ڥͷओཁՕॴΛ
    $/#ͱ,VCFSOFUFTج൫΁
    ۤ࿑ͨ͠ɺ΋͏ೋ౓ͱಉ͡ࢥ͍Λͨ͘͠ͳ͍
    ً͔͍͠ະདྷ
    w ݴޠɺ؀ڥࠩҟΛ$/#ͰຒΊɺશࣾల։΁
    w ͍݁ࠗͨ͠
    ݱঢ়
    

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69. $/#͕૑Δະདྷ
    

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70. ,VCFSOFUFTͷొ৔ʹΑΓɺ͜Ε·ͰΠϯϑϥͱݺ͹Ε
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    ୭͕΍Δʁ
    ͍ΘΏΔΠϯϑϥΤϯδχΞͷಇ͖ํ͕มԽ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
    

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71. ͍ΘΏΔΠϯϑϥΤϯδχΞͷಇ͖ํ͕มԽ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
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    ͍ɺ༏ΕͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ

    ։ൃ͢Δ
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    ӡ༻ʹ੹຿Λෛ͍ɺՄ༻ੑͷߴ͍

    ؀ڥΛఏڙ͢Δ
    

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72. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΤϯδχΞ͸ΞϓϦ։ൃʹूத͢Δ
    ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜΤϯδχΞ͸$/#Λ։ൃ͠ɺ
    ,VCFSOFUFTҎ্ ΦϯϓϨͳΒ෺ཧ΋
    ͷϨΠϠʔͰಈ͘
    ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷՄ༻ੑʹ੹຿Λ࣋ͭ
    ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜΤϯδχΞ͕$/#Λར༻ͯ͠

    ίϯςφΠϝʔδʹ੹຿Λ࣋ͭ
    "QQ
    DPOUBJOFS
    LVCFSOFUFT
    DPOUBJOFS
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73. ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱ
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74. ·ͱΊ
    

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75. $/#͸
    ෳ਺ͷݴޠɺόʔδϣϯ͕
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76. $/#͸
    ίϯςφΠϝʔδΛ
    ϓϩάϥϚϒϧʹߏ੒؅ཧͰ͖Δ
    

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77. $/#͕
    ྲྀߦΓͩ͢ͱɺ
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78. w !KBDPQFO͞ΜͷԢ੝ͳΞ΢τϓοτʹॿ͚ΒΕ·ͨ͠
    w /55ςΫϊΫϩεͷ৿઒͞ΜͷRJJUBهࣄ

    ʮίϯςφඪ४Խ࣌୅ʹ͓͚Δ࣍ੈ୅#VJMEQBDLʰ$MPVE
    /BUJWF#VJMEQBDLʱʹ͍ͭͯʯ

    ͕ͳ͚Ε͹๻͕#VJMEQBDLTʹ໨֮ΊΔ͜ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜͰ
    ͨ͠
    w IUUQTXXXDMPVEGPVOESZPSH

    044Խ͞Εͨ$/#Ͱେมޮ཰Α͘։ൃͰ͖͍ͯ·͢
    ँࣙ
    

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79. View Slide

80. ܅΋ϖύϘͰಇ͔ͳ͍͔ʁ
    ࠷৽ͷ࠾༻৘ใΛνΣοΫˠ !QC@SFDSVJU
    

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