RUST - THE SYSTEM LANGUAGE FOR THE FUTURE

Talk by @moonbeamlabs and @seanlilmateus at cologne.rb april 2014.
Introduction to Rust

1. UST
2. RUST: THE SYSTEM LANGUAGE FOR THE FUTURE Cologne.rb @moonbeamlabs http://github.com/moonbeamlabs @seanlilmateus http://github.com/seanlilmateus MATEUS ARMANDO LUCAS DOHMEN
3. Can I haz a Haskell for the real world
4. DO WE REALLY NEED ANOTHER LANGUAGE? Safety 0 1 2 3 4 5 Control 0 1 2 3 4 5 C and C++ Java Ruby & Python Haskell
5. use std::io::println; ! fn main() { println("Hello, world."); } rustc hello_world.rs ./hello_world
6. TDD • TDD is encouraged by Rust • A Rust file can contain its tests • They will only be compiled with the test flag
7. fn add(first_summand: int, second_summand: int) -> int { return 1; } ! #[test] fn test_adding_two_zeros() { assert!(add(0,0) == 0, "0 plus 0 should be 0") } rustc --test tdd.rs rustc --test tdd.rs && ./tdd tdd.rs:1:8: 1:21 warning: unused variable: `first_summand`, #[warn(unused_variable)] on by default tdd.rs:1 fn add(first_summand: int, second_summand: int) -> int { ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ tdd.rs:1:28: 1:42 warning: unused variable: `second_summand`, #[warn(unused_variable)] on by default tdd.rs:1 fn add(first_summand: int, second_summand: int) -> int { ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
8. ./tdd.rs running 1 test test test_adding_two_zeros ... FAILED ! failures: ! ---- test_adding_two_zeros stdout ---- task 'test_adding_two_zeros' failed at '0 plus 0 should be 0', tdd.rs:7 ! ! failures: test_adding_two_zeros ! test result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured ! task '<main>' failed at 'Some tests failed', /private/tmp/rust-Q8uz/rust-0.10/src/libtest/lib.rs:215 fn add(first_summand: int, second_summand: int) -> int { return 1; } ! #[test] fn test_adding_two_zeros() { assert!(add(0,0) == 0, "0 plus 0 should be 0") }
9. Immutability... Everywhere!
10. ... let number:int = 10; number += 1; println!("number {:?}.", number); ... rustc immutable.rs && ./immutable immutable.rs:5:5: 5:11 error: re-assignment of immutable variable `number` immutable.rs:5 number += 1; ^~~~~~ immutable.rs:4:9: 4:15 note: prior assignment occurs here immutable.rs:4 let number:uint = 10; ^~~~~~ error: aborting due to previous error
11. ... let mut number:int = 10; number += 1; println!("number {:?}.", number); ... rustc immutable.rs && ./immutable number: 11u
12. 16 6 10 4 2 2 4 6 Data Structures & Enum
13. ... struct Point { x:f64 ,y:f64 }; struct Unit( int, ~str ); ... let pt:Point = Point { x:0.0, y:10.0 }; let cm = Unit( 10, ~"cm"); ! let pt2 = Point { x:10.0, ..pt }; ...
14. ... enum Direction { North, East, South, West } ... enum Shape { Circle(Point, f64), Rectangle(Point, Point), } ...
15. Pattern Matching
16. ... let center = Point { x:10.0, y:10.0 }; let radius = 50.0; let shape = Circle(center, radius); ! ...
17. ... let center = Point { x:10.0, y:10.0 }; let radius = 50.0; let shape = Circle(center, radius); ... ! fn area(sh: Shape) -> f64 { match sh { Circle(_, r) => f64::consts::PI * r * r, Rectangle(p1, p2) => (p2.x - p1.x) * (p1.y - p2.y) } } ! ...
18. Traits
19. ... struct Circle { radius: f32, center: Point } trait Shape { fn area() -> f32 } ! ! impl Shape for Circle { fn area(&self) -> f32 { f32::consts::PI * self.size * self.size } } ...
20. The Power of Traits
21. ... extern mod active_support; use active_support::Period; use active_support::Time; ! fn main() { let time = Time::now(); println!("{:?}", time); println!("{:?}", 2.days().from_now()); println!("{:?}", 2.weeks().from_now()); println!("{:?}", 2.months().from_now()); println!("{:?}", 2.years().from_now()); } ...
23. ... use std::num::{pow, sqrt};
 struct Point { x: int, y: int }
 struct Line { a: Point, b: Point } ! impl Line { fn length(&self) -> uint { let x = pow(self.b.x - self.a.x, 2);
 let y = pow(self.b.y - self.a.y, 2);
 sqrt(x + y)
 } } ...
24. Java 8 Released Just got closures
26. ... let square = |x: int| -> int { x * x }; let dois = square(1); ! let string = ~"Hello"; spawn(proc() { println!("{} world!", string); }); ...
27. Approach to Concurrency Approach to Memory
28. Memory
29. • There is a lot of fear of pointers • But this is mainly, because of pointer arithmetic and security problems • Oh, those security problems... • ...and bugs.
30. ~I haz spaceship The cat has a pointer to its spaceship. The cat owns the spaceship. It can do whatever it wants with the spaceship. There is only one owner.
31. The cat has a friend. The friend wants to borrow the spaceship. This is possible in Rust.
32. & The owner: • Can't borrow it to someone else. • It can't free the pointer Borrowed The borrower: • Can't borrow it to someone else. There can't be a dangling pointer
33. Concurrent & Parallel by design
34. • Mutable portions are not allowed to be shared between tasks. • Each Task has its own its own stack, and a heap. • When a Task sends a value that has the Send Trait, it loses ownership of the value sent and can no longer refer to it Channel Communication
35. The Bad Parts • Ecosystem is really small • This will hopefully change with Cargo • Breaking Changes • The weirdest semicolon rule ever
36. • "Puzzle Sandwich" by Melissa • https://www.flickr.com/photos/buzzymelibee/8690774332 • active_support • http://words.steveklabnik.com/rust-is-surprisingly-expressive • Rust for Rubyists (by Steve Klabnik) • http://www.rustforrubyists.com • "Pointer in the mountains" by Oleh Slobodeniuk • https://www.flickr.com/photos/ualucky/12307340694