The realities of Healthcare Enterprise Data Interoperability and Integration

Presented at 2015 OSEHRA Summit.
Background:
* Many enterprise apps are being built these days, most are designed to work as a stand alone system similar to consumer apps
* Healthcare-specific software engineering and integration tools are going to do more harm than good (industry-neutral is better).

Takeaways:
* Any enterprise app which acts like a consumer app that doesn’t integrate well into hospital or ambulatory systems and workflows is doomed
* There’s nothing unique about health IT data that justifies complex, expensive, or special technology.
* There’s a lot unique about healthcare workflows that require common technologies to be adapted properly.

Transcript

1. The No BS Guide to Developing an Enterprise Integration Strategy for your Digital Health Product Stop dreaming about interoperability and focus on tactical enterprise integration By Shahid N. Shah, CEO
2. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 3 Who is Shahid? Chairman, OSEHRA Strategic Board of Advisors • 20+ years of software engineering and multi- discipline complex IT implementations (Gov., defense, health, finance, insurance) • 12+ years of healthcare IT and medical devices experience (blog at http://healthcareguy.com) • 15+ years of technology management experience (government, non-profit, commercial) Author of Chapter 13, “You’re the CIO of your Own Office”
3. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 4 What’s this talk about? Background • Many enterprise apps are being built these days, most are designed to work as a stand alone system similar to consumer apps • Healthcare-specific software engineering and integration tools are going to do more harm than good (industry-neutral is better). Key takeaways • Any enterprise app which acts like a consumer app that doesn’t integrate well into hospital or ambulatory systems and workflows is doomed • There’s nothing unique about health IT data that justifies complex, expensive, or special technology. • There’s a lot unique about healthcare workflows that require common technologies to be adapted properly.
4. www.netspective.com 5 There is no interoperability crisis in healthcare. Even if there was, there’s nothing you can do about it so stop complaining. There is, however, a vendor management and incentives alignment crisis.
5. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 6 This practical view is possible today
6. www.netspective.com 7 A Sustainable Business Model for Health Information Exchange Platforms: The Solution to Interoperability in Health Care IT By: Niam Yaraghi To address the interoperability problem, Yaraghi proposes a business model in which economic incentives of different entities in the health care market would lead them to actively engage in exchanging heath information. In the paper, Yaraghi outlines a business environment in which health information exchange platforms can generate substantial revenue from two sources: (1) real-time data services to different health care providers and (2) asynchronous data analytics and customized reports. The revenue generated from these sources would be used to finance the operational costs of an interoperable heath information network. http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2015/01/30-sustainable-business-model-health-information-exchange-yaraghi
7. www.netspective.com 8 http://blog.syntelinc.com/it-healthcare-data-transmission-standards-health-information-exchange/ • EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): EDI is primarily used for interactions between care providers and health insurers. • HL7 (Health Level Seven): HL7 is similar to EDI; it is mainly used for transmitting data for all events that occur within a hospital. • DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine): Medical Images (X-Ray, MRI, etc.) are stored/transmitted/printed in a PACS (picture archiving and communication system) system using DICOM. • CCR/CCD (Continuity of Care Record / Document): CCD/CCR is a compact form with Patient’s health status summary. Under Meaningful Use a new format—CDA—which is a combination of the best features of CCD and CCR, is proposed. • NCPDP (National Council for Prescription Drug Programs): Family of pharmacy data standards • HITSP (Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel): Related to transmission of immunization data, bio surveillance, clinical research, etc.
8. www.netspective.com 9 Source: http://jimenezconsulting.com/industries/healthcare/regulatory/hipaa5010
9. www.netspective.com 10 Interoperability without job stories, use cases, and incentives is just arm waving. Specialization is key. Take lessons from SureScripts, IHE, and S&I Framework
10. www.netspective.com 11
11. www.netspective.com 12 http://cris.cc.nih.gov/about/overview.html
12. www.netspective.com 13 Why do health IT systems integrate poorly?
13. www.netspective.com 14 Because customers don’t know how to effectively punish vendors that don’t integrate well. But, that’s changing. Slowly.
14. www.netspective.com 15 Because app developers don’t have a systems engineering culture where we think of data integration as a discipline our customers will buy. But, that’s easy to fix. Be disciplined.
15. www.netspective.com 16 Because we want to wait for others to create a new standard or magical API that makes integration problems disappear. But, that’s easy to fix. Follow what other industries are doing.
16. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 17 The tactical issues • We don't support shared identities, single sign on (SSO), and industry-neutral authentication and authorization • We're too focused on "structured data integration" instead of "practical app integration" in our early project phases • We focus more on "pushing" versus "pulling" data than is warranted early in projects • We have “Inside out” architecture, not “Outside in” • We're too focused on heavyweight industry-specific formats instead of lightweight or micro formats • Data emitted is not tagged using semantic markup, so it's not securable or searchable by default • When health IT systems produce HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, and other common outputs, it's not done in a security- and integration-friendly manner
17. So what do we do? And now…
18. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 19 Legacy integration Application A Data Functionality Presentation Feature Y Feature X Application B Data Functionality Presentation Feature Y Feature X Feature Z Copy features and enhance (everything is separate) Application A Data Functionality Presentation Feature Z Feature X Application B Data Functionality Presentation Feature Y Feature X Feature Z Connect directly to existing data, but copy features and enhance
19. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 20 Services Modern integration Application A Data Functionality Presentation Feature Y Feature X Application B Data Functionality Presentation Feature Y Feature X Feature Z Create API between applications, integrate data, create new data Application A Data Functionality Presentation Feature Z Feature X Application B Data Functionality Presentation Feature Y Feature X Feature Z Create common services and have all applications use them REST SOAP, RMI SOA ETL WOA APIs
20. www.netspective.com 21 Start cataloging and formalizing use of enterprise integration patterns. You’re not the first (or second) to see these problems. Read. Hire experts.
21. www.netspective.com 22 Learn about MDM, ESB, ETL, and BPM – grab open source or commercial implementations and build around them. Don’t hand code things.
22. www.netspective.com 23 Create a formal Enterprise Integration Group (EIG). Even get a cool logo and team mascot.
23. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 24 Popular cloud data exchange approach DHP Protected Environment CDO’s Protected Environment * Practice’s Systems Filter for DHP Patients Encrypt and Transmit DHPSB DHPSB DHP Data Repository (DHPDR) Encrypt and Transmit * EHR could be a standalone or hosted by a service provider DHP = Digital Health Product DHPSB = Digital Health Product Service Bus
24. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 25 In cloud, data filter strategy is crucial Encrypt and Transmit Filter using CDO’s rules Customize to send only filtered data Send data for all CDO’s patients Preferred Option Send all data and let the DHP Gateway perform the filter Alternate Option Pre-filter data from each practice system before it reaches DHP Gateway Alternate option requires more work on the CDO’s part; the preferred option requires more work on the DHP’s part Encrypt and Transmit DHP Protected Environment
25. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 26 Data architecture questions to pose 1. Kinds of data to collect (e.g. demographics, medications, labs, physician notes, etc.) - we need this in excruciating, painful detail. Lots of arguments will emerge here and that's really good. This means we give specific field names, field types, data lengths, etc. as part of the requirements. 2. Frequency of data to collect (e.g. real-time, hourly, daily, etc.) 3. Data code types (e.g. LOINC, CPT, ICD9, ICD10, etc.) 4. Discrete and structured data standards (e.g. CCR, CCD, BB+, etc.) 5. Directionality (unidirectional from EHR to DHP , bidirectional between both EHR and DHP) 6. File types and transport types (HL7, CSV, etc.) 7. Broad source types (BlueButton, BlueButton+, Ambulatory EHR, Health System EHR, Private HIE, Public HIE, etc.) 8. Specific sources (e.g. named customers, named EHRs, named HIE, etc.)
26. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 27 Healthcare integration RACI • Name the EHR or HIE (or any other source named in #7/#8 above) • Coordinate with the legal and executive team to ensure that you have legal rights to the data • Coordinate with the IT team at the system owner at the client (usually a covered entity but could be a systems integration firm or consulting outfit) • Coordinate with the EHR or HIE vendor see how cooperative they are • Send the EHR or HIE vendor the Enterprise Integration document and have them fill that out in collaboration with your team • Get physical access to the vendor’s database or system
27. www.netspective.com 28 Create a technical profile questionnaire and checklist. Be disciplined, use tools like Caristix to document requirements and visualize interfaces.
28. www.netspective.com 29 Lets see what all of this looks like in practice. You can do this in less than 40 man- hours of work.
29. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 30 Ambulatory MU2 Market Share (2014) http://www.policymed.com/2014/05/2014-electronic-health-records-market-share.html
30. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 31 Inpatient MU2 Market Share (2014) http://www.policymed.com/2014/05/2014-electronic-health-records-market-share.html
31. NETSPECTIVE www.netspective.com 32 Healthcare fears open source • Only the government spends more per user on antiquated software than we do in healthcare. • There is a general fear that open source means unsupported software or lower quality solutions or unwanted security breaches. Open source can save health IT • Other industries save billions by using open source. • Commercial vendors give better pricing, service, and support when they know they are competing with open source. • Open source is sometimes more secure, higher quality, and better supported than commercial equivalents. • Don’t dismiss open source, consider it the default choice and select commercial alternatives when they are known to be better. Rely first on open source, then proprietary “Free” is not as important as open source, you should pay for software but require openness
32. Thank You Visit http://www.netspective.com http://www.healthcareguy.com E-mail shahid.shah@netspective.com Follow @ShahidNShah Call 202-713-5409 Need to develop an enterprise integration strategy for your digital health product? Call or write to us.