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民主主義の思想史
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sgtn
August 09, 2020
Education
2
810
民主主義の思想史
マルレク事前準備資料
民主主義を人口や文脈や構造に着目して整理することを心がける。
sgtn
August 09, 2020
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Transcript
ຽओओٛͷࢥ࢙ ਓޱͱߏʹணͨ͠લ࢙͔࣌Βྩ·Ͱ
໔ ຊߨٛຽओओٛͷྺ࢙ͱߏʹ͔ؔ͠৺͕ͳ͘ɺ ຽओओٛҎ֎ͷ࣏ܗଶ͓Αͼ ࣗ༝ओٛࣾձओٛʹؔ͢ΔछʑͷٞҰΛল͘ͷͱ͢Δɻ ຽओओٛΛՄೳͳݶΓମܥతɾߏతʹѲ্ͨ͠Ͱɺ ຽҙʹج͍ͮͯछʑͷઃఆΛదʹͳͨ͢Ίͷج൫ΛݻΊΔ͜ͱΛ తͱ͢Δɻ
ࣗݾհ མ߹বޛ(29) ࠲ӈͷ: Պֶਓݖͷૅ ࠷ऴֶྺ: भେֶઌಋ࣭ݚڀॴୀֶ ओͳ৬ྺ: - ΠϯυωγΞ VIPPLAZA
CTO - ౦ژେֶֶ෦ࣾձઓֶུݚڀࣨ ݩಛݚڀһ - Cryptoeconomics Lab ڞಉۀ ओͳۀ - Plasma(EthereumߴԽख๏)ϗϫΠτϖʔύʔશฤຊޠ༁ - ΦϥΠϦʔΑΓϚελϦϯάΠʔαϦϜΛग़൛ - ੈքͰ།ҰPlasmaΛ࣮͍ͯ͠ΔνʔϜΛۀ - ࠃՈ͓Αͼ๏ͱϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷֶࡍྖҬͰӳจࣥචଟ
ຽओओٛͷ 1. ϝσΟΞSNSͷӨڹྗΛͦͷ··ʹɺ͍͠தͰද໘తͳཧղͰ ථ͢Δਓͷׂ߹͕ଟ͘ͳΓ͕ͪͰ͋Δ͜ͱɺ͋Δ͍Informed CitizenryΛલఏͱ͍ͯ͠Δʹ͔͔ΘΒͣɺථऀͷେଟ͕ Informed CitizenryʹͳΓ͖Ε͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱɻ 2. ߏһͷදͨΔ࣏ՈͱެһͨΔ྅ͱࢧతཱʹ͍Δେا ۀͷؒͷෆಁ໌ͳίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷதͰແೳͩͬͨΓෆཁͩͬͨ
Γഊͨ͠ߦ͕རݖͷͨΊʹઃ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ 3. (2)ͷརݖػߏΛຽҙͰഇࢭ͢ΔͨΊͷ࿑ྗͱఔ͕ଟ͗͢ΔͨΊʹ ഊʹରͯ͠ড়Խ͕͍͔ͭͳ͍͜ͱ
ຽओओٛͷ 4. ʹΑΔൈຊతͳվֵɺࣗΒͷࢧ࣋ମͱͳΔ৫ʹ߅͑ͳ ͍ɻ·ͨɺ࣏Ոੜ໋Λߟ͑Δͱຊ࣭తʹඞཁͳࢪࡦήʔϜཧత ʹଧͪग़͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ 5. ࢿۚྗͷͳ͍࣏Ո࣏ࢿۚͷͨΊʹۚࡦʹۤ͠ΉͨΊɺ݁Ռͱ ͯ͠རݖΛٻΊΔʹ͋Δɻਗ਼྿ܿനͳ࣏ՈͨΔͨΊʹථాͱ ࢿ࢈͕ඞཁͰ͋Γɺੈऻٞһ͕ڧ͘ͳΔʹ͋Δɻ 6.
༏Εͨࡦ༏Ε࣏ͨՈ͕બΕΔߏʹͳ͍ɻ 7. ଟ͘ͷ߹ɺ࣏Ո͕զʑΛද͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ
ຽओओٛͷ ཁ ߏతʹҰൠਓ͕ෆརͳͷͰ͋Δɻ
ຽओओٛͷ ͦͯ͠ զʑਓྨ͜Ε·Ͱɺ ٕज़తʹͦͷΑ͏ʹ͔͠ ຽओओٛΛ࣮Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨɻ
ϚϠจ໌ ࣾձత֊͕ͬ ͖Γ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ل ݩલ1000~800ͷ ڞಉ࡞ۀͷࠟ ͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦΔ
ϖϧγϟจ໌ لݩલ800-500ɺϖϧγϟ(Πϥϯपล)ͷΦλωε͕ຽओओٛΛ ࣮ફ͍ͯͨ͠ͱ͍͏هड़͕(ఢࠃͰ͋Δ͕)ΪϦγϟͷྺ࢙ॻͱɺϧ ιʔͷॻ੶ͳͲʹ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ ۩ମతʹͲͷΑ͏ͳ࣏ܗଶͰ͔͋ͬͨใྔ͕ଟ͘ͳ͍͕ɺ ಛච͓͖ͯ͘͠Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ ΔਓͧΔ
ΪϦγϟจ໌ ্࢙࣮ੈքॳͷຽओ੍͕࣮ࢪ͞Εͨɻ لݩલ300લޙͷ͜ͱͰ͋Δɻ σϞΫϥγʔͱϙϦςΟΫε͍͏ݴ༿ͦΕͧΕ σϞε(ຽऺ),ΫϥςΟΞ(ࢧ),ϙϦε(ࢢ)͔Βདྷ͍ͯΔɻ ຽओ੍Ͱ͋Γɺౕྴ,ঁੑ,ҠॅऀࢀݖΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ɻͨ͠ ͕ͬͯΞςωਓޱ12ສਓͷ͏ͪ3ສਓͷΈ͕ࢀՃͨ͠ɻ ๏ͷ͕ࣝو͔Βࢢຽʹղ์͞Εͨɻ ιΫϥςεͷॲܐޙɺϓϥτϯ͕ऺ۪࣏Λܯռ͠ग़ͨ͠ɻ ͜ΕΛຽओओٛͱݺͿʹࢀݖ͕։͔Εͯͳ͗͢͞Δɻ
ॳͷຽओ੍
ϩʔϚจ໌ Ωέϩ(~B.C.43)ݩӃ(্Ӄ), ຽձ(ԼӃ) ࣥ(ݩट)Λͯ͠ࡾݖཱͱͨ͠ɻ A.C. 212ʹࢀݖ͕શஉੑਓʹ֦େ͞Εͨɻ B.C.25ʹ͓͚ΔϩʔϚఇࠃͷਓޱ5680ສਓͱݴΘΕ ͍ͯΔɻ ཚੈͱͳΔͱಠࡋͱݺΕΔ๏نతߦҝΛڐ͞Εͨ
ߦ͕ॲཧͨ͠ ͪΖΜಠࡋͨ͠͠͠ɻ ॳͷؒຽओ੍
ΠϯάϥϯυԦࠃ 30ઓ૪ͱແֵ໋݂ 1648ɺϰΣετϑΝʔϨϯʹΑΓෳࠃ ͕ಉ࣌ʹࠃՈʹՄೳͳৼΔ͍Λ๏తʹఆٛ͠ ͨɻ͜Ε30ઓ૪ͷԠुΛࢭΊΔͨΊͰ͋ͬ ͨɻ ϩοΫࠃຽͷ߅ݖ(ֵ໋ݖ)ΛೝΊΔΑ͏આ ͖ɺϧιʔຽओओٛͷ༏ӽੑΛઆ͍ͨɻ ࠃຽओݖΛೝΊͨ๏࣏ओٛʹ͓͚Δຽओओٛͱ ͯ͠ॳΊͯͷͷͱͳΔɻ
ϑϥϯε 1789ʹϰΝεςΟʔϢ࿚ࠈͱ͍͏Րༀݿͷऻܸ͔Β࢝ ·Γɺ֤ͷྖओऻܸͱ࠴݊ഁյͳͲʹଓ͖ɺஈ֊తͳ ਓݖએݴࠃԦͷओݖണୣͱଓ͖ɺ్தಠࡋݖͷൃ ͳͲͷឯ༨ۂંΛܦͯ1794ʹҰ୴ͷֵ໋ͷऴଉΛݟ Δɻͦͷޙ1871ʹ࠶ֵ໋Λܦݧ͠ɺۙຽओओٛͱ ͳΔɻ ຽओओٛͷߏੳͱ͍͏ҙຯͰ͋·ΓޠΔ͜ͱͳ ͍͕ɺ࢈ۀֵ໋ͷޙԡ͠Ͱࢢຽ֊ڃͷྗ͕ٸʹ৳ͼͨ ͷݴٴʹ͢Δɻ
ຽओओٛͷ໊ࢺ
φνευΠπ ݴΘ͕ͣͳͰ͋Δ͕ɺώτϥʔ͍Δφνౘຽओओ ٛͷج൫ͷ্ͰಠࡋΛͤͨ͞ɻ ҝऀͷଐਓੑʹΑͬͯෆརͳཱʹͳΓ͍͢ਓʑΛ ͨ͘͢ਓݖ৵Ͱ͖ͯ͠·͏͜ͱ͕Α͘Θ͔ΔࣄྫͰ ͋Δɻ બຽࢥͷة͏͞ɺਓݖͷॏཁੑɺ࣏ʹۜͷؙ͕ͳ ͍͜ͱ͕ྺ࢙ʹ͔ͬ͠Γͱࠁ·ΕͨతͳຽओओٛͰ ͋ͬͨɻ ѱ໊ߴ͖
ΠϯυωγΞ 1945ʹୈೋ࣍ੈքେઓऴྃޙɺຊ͔Βಠཱ͍ͯ͠ Δɻਓޱ2.67ԯਓͰ͋Γɺ9ׂ͕ΠεϥϜڭͱͱ͍͏͜ͱ ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɺாཧʹ͓͍ͯफڭ͕ແهೖͩͱΠε ϥϜڭͱͯ͠Χϯτ͞ΕΔͱᷚ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ 2019ͷେ౷ྖબڍͰ3͔͚ؒͯࢴͷථ༻ࢴΛ։ථ ͠ɺظޏ༻ͷ։ථऀ500໊͕ա࿑ࢮͨ͠ɻ·ͨɺ͜ͷબ ڍͰΠεϥϜྗ͕ථॴΛڌͯ͠ථΛ્͠ ͨΓͨ͠ɻ ੈଏΠεϥϜओٛ
https://www.newsweekjapan.jp/
Πϯυ ੈք࠷େͷຽओओٛࠃ 1976ʹࣾձओٛ ੈଏओٛత ຽओओٛڞ੍Λએݴ ࣌ਓޱ6.3ԯਓͰ͋Δɻ ݱࡏͷਓޱ13.5ԯਓ,༗ݖऀ8.3ԯਓͰ͋ΓɺࢴʹΑΔ େ౷ྖબڍ10ճʹΘ͚ͯ1ϲ݄Λཁ͢Δɻ ࠃܦࡁΛࠃӦاۀ͕ݖΛѲ͓ͬͯΓɺͦͷഊ มຽରཱଟ༷Ͱ͋Δɻ
ϦϏΞ Ξϥϒͷय़Ҏલͷຽओओٛ ࠷ߴࢦಋऀ͓Αͼ܉େࠤͰ͋ΔΧμϑΟɺ1969ͷϦϏΞֵ໋ͰݖΛ֫ಘ ޙɺ2011ʹઓͰઓࢮ͋Δ͍҉ࡴ͞ΕͨɻେࠤͰ͋Δཧ༝Τδϓτͷ φʔηϧେ౷ྖ݉େࠤͷܟҙɻ ൴ʮͷॻʯʹͯຽओ੍ͷ༏ӽੑΛཧ࿏વͱઆ͍͍ͯΔɻ δϟϚʔώϦʔϠͱ͍͏൴ಠࣗͷຽओ੍Λ࣮ࡍʹ༻͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɺجຊతʹ ܉ࣄݖͱͯ͠ମ੍ҡ͓࣋ͯ͠ΓɺઓʹΑΔݖަͱ͍͏࿏ΛݟΔʹػ ೳෆશ͕ݟͯऔΕΔɻ ͜ͷޙϦϏΞઓঢ়ଶΛܧଓ͓ͯ͠ΓɺΞϥϒͷय़ͷओཁࠃͱͯ͠ڍ͛ΒΕΔ
ͷͷɺͦͷ࣮ଶۮવݖަͷ࣌ظ͕Ұக͚ͨͩ͠Ͱ͋Δͱݴ͑Δɻ ΧμϑΟͷΞϑϦΧ߹ऺࠃߏΛࢭ͢ΔͨΊͷถࠃͷࢥͰͳ͍͔ͱ͍͏ਪ ଌ͋Δɻ
ΠλϦΞ ݱ༩ౘޒͭౘޒͭӡಈͱ͍͏Ϣʔϩෆ࠾༻ɺٸܹͳࡒ֦େɺϫ ΫνϯͳͲͷࡦΛܝ͛Δӡಈ͔Βੜ·ΕͨݖͰ͋ΓϙϐϡϦζϜౘ ͱͯ͠൷͞Ε͕ͪͰ͋Δɻग़അίετ੍͕͍Λ࣋ͭࠃͰ͋Γɺౘट εϙʔΫεϚϯίϝσΟΞϯىۀՈ͕Ί͍ͯΔɻ ΞϓϦʮϧοιʯͰશࡦΛެ։͠ɺϝʔϧͰථͰ͖Δɻ ΞϓϦʮγΣΞϦϯάʯͰࢢຽఏҊ͕ٞͰ͖ɺౘһථଟͰ࠾͞ ΕΔɻ ֗தͷΧϑΣͳͲͰ࣏Ո͕ٞʹࢀՃ͠ɺࢢຽͱͷҰମײΛఆৗతʹৢ Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ҙ͍ࣝͯ͠Δɻ
20201݄ʹޒͭౘౘट͕ࣙ৬͓ͯ͠Γɺݖͷण໋͕͍ۙɻ ϙϐϡϦζϜతຽओ੍
ΞϝϦΧ ֤भಠࣗͷभ๏Λཧ͓ͯ͠Γɺྫ๏ओٛͱ҆ՁͰେྔ ͷ๏ਓһʹج͍ͮͯ࿈๏ͱͷໃ६ΛૌুͰղܾ͢Δࠃ Ͱ͋Δɻ ্Ӄ(وӃʹ༝དྷ)ͱͱख़ٞͷͱͯ͠ఆٛ͞Ε͓ͯ ΓɺԼӃΑΓগͳ͍ਓͰߏ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺҟٞͷ͋Δ ࡍϑΟϦόελʔ੍Λ༻͍ͯٞձΛఀࢭ͠ɺҰ൩தٞ Λਚ͘͢͜ͱΛܗࣜతʹྑ͠ͱ͍ͯͨ͠ɻ ݱࡏͰ࠷ߴࡋࣄͷൺڞౘدΓͱͳΓɺτϥϯϓ େ౷ྖʹΑΔΤάθΫςΟϒΦʔμʔSNSར༻ʹΑΓӈ
ϙϐϡϦζϜͷʹ͋Δɻ ࿈ຽओ੍
ຊ 1994ʹ࣌ࣗຽౘͷখҰٞһ͕ओಋͨ͠খબڍ੍۠ʹΑΓɺൊ ࣏ऑମԽ͕ͨ͠ɺ࣏ՈΛҭ͢Δମྗ͕Լͨ͠ɻ Β͘ͷࣗຽౘݖԼͷӨڹͰɺ৽ن໋͞ΕΔ࠷ߴࡋࣄࣗຽౘֳ ໋͕ͨ͠ਓʑͰ͋Γɺछʑͷ๏ྩʹҧݑܾ͕ग़ͳ͍ঢ়ଶͰ͋Δ(͔͠ ͠ͳ͕Βߦతͳࣄଘࡏ͢Δ)ɻ ҆ഒֳֳਓࣄہΛঠѲͨ͜͠ͱʹΑΓɺߦͷͱͯ͠װ෦྅ͷ ౷࣏ྗΛߴΊɺΠΤεϚϯΛ૿͍ͯ͠ΔɻՃ͑ͯ๏੍ہΛֳʹ࠶ஔ ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺֳ͔Βͷ๏Ҋͷ௨աΛ8ׂͱߴΊͭͭɺࣗຽౘҎ֎ͷ ࣏ՈʹΑΔٞһཱ๏ͷ௨ա2ׂఔͱ͍͏ܗʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ
͜ͷମ੍ʹ͔͔ΘΒͣۓٸ࣌ରԠྗ͘ɺߏ্ֳࢧ࣋Λ͍͔ ͚ΔΑ͏ͳܗʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ ಠࡋతຽओ੍
ؖࠃ 1987·Ͱ։ൃ܉ࣄಠࡋঢ়ଶͰ͋ͬͨɻ ͦͷʹ6݄߅૪ͱ͍͏݄ʹΘͨΔ100ສਓنͷσϞ͕͋Γɺ ຽओԽ͕ୡ͞Εͨɻ ؖࠃͷਓஉࢠ2ؒͷฌ͕͋ΔͨΊɺ֤ਓͦΕͳΓͷઓಆܦݧ ͕͋Δɻ൴Β͕σϞΛߦ͏ͱ͖ɺ௨ৗͷܯୂͰѹͰ͖ͳ͍ѹ ྗ͕͋ΔͨΊʹɺσϞͷࣗݾޮ༻ײ͕૬ରతʹߴ͍͕͋Δͱݴ ΘΕ͍ͯΔɻ ͜ΕʹΑΓɺຽओओٛΛదʹߦ͏ͨΊͷํ๏Λֶश͢Δػӡ ͋Γɺຊʹൺͯࣗओੑ͕ߴ͍͕ݟͯऔΕΔɻ
ฌ੍͕ੜΉڧྗͳຽओओٛ
εΠε 1971ʹ࿈ϨϕϧͰঁੑͷࢀݖ͕ೝΊΒΕͨɻ εΠεࠃຽ4ճɺ15ͷ߲ʹରͯ͠ࠃຽථΛߦ͏ɻ ʹू·Δථํ๏Λߦ͏࣏ࣗମ͋Δ͕ɺجຊతʹ ࢴʹΑΔ௨ৗͷථ͔ɺ༣ૹͰ͋Δɻ SwisspostʹΑΔిࢠථγεςϜ͕ܽؕൃݟ͞ΕɺՔ ಇ͕ո͍͠ɻ ७વͨΔຽओ੍
ΤετχΞ KGBͷใڌ͕͋ͬͨλϦϯΛι࿈͔Βୣऔͯ͠ಠཱ ͨ͠എܠ͔ΒɺΤετχΞίϯϐϡʔλʔ͔͠ͳ͍ࠃ ͱͯ࢝͠·ͬͨɻ EUͷిࢠิॿۚΛతʹઌਐతͳిࢠγεςϜ Λల։ͯ͠ϝσΟΞΛΘ͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɺͦͷ࣮ଟ͘ͷߦ γεςϜ͍উख͕ѱ͔ͬͨΓɺࠃՈنͷখ͔͞͞Β γεςϜ͕؆ૉͩͬͨΓɺ࣭ྔͱʹΓ͍ͯͳ͍ɻ ϞόΠϧిࢠථ௨ৗڴഭମ੍͕͍͕ɺલ·ͰΩϟ ϯηϧ͕Մೳͳ༷ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰڴഭΛ؇͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ͪΖΜථظؒதͣͬͱுΓ͔ͭΕΔͱҙຯ͕ͳ͍ɻ ిࢠҰ൪ख
த՚ຽࠃ࣌ʹࠃຽౘʹॴଐ͢Δ܉͕ɺݱத՚ਓຽڞ ࠃ(ڞ࢈ౘ܉)ͱઓಆͨ݁͠ՌɺݱͷҐஔʹୀ٫ͤ͟Δ ΛಘͣͰ͖ͨࠃͰ͋Δɻ ͦͷޙɺಠཱࠃՈͱͯ͠ຽओ੍Λෑ͘ੑ֨ΛڧΊɺதࠃͷ ڴҖʹର߅͢ΔͨΊʹए͘༏लͳਓࡐΛֳʹݻΊ͍ͯ Δɻ ରதࠃͷةػײ
ख़ٞຽओओٛ ؒຽओ੍ͷཧɺ͋Δ͍ຽओ੍ͷվྑ
ετϩϯάσϞΫϥγʔ ΞϝϦΧͷֶ࣏ऀɺϕϯδϟϛϯɾRɾόʔόʔ ͕ఏএͨ͠ख़ٞຽओओٛͷॳظܗ Ϧϕϥϧͳؒຽओ੍ΛThin Democracyͱ൷͠ɺͦͷ ഊ͢͠͞ࢢຽͷΛห͠ͳ͍ੑ࣭Λֶతͳච கͰઆ໌ɻ ۩ମతʹɺϥϯμϜʹࢢຽΛબͯ͠ɺࡦ͝ͱʹઐ Ոͱͷ࣌ؒͷٞΛ௨ͯ͠ҙࢥܾఆΛ͍ͯ͘͠ํࣜɻ 1984
Deliberative Polling ελϯϑΥʔυେֶͷδΣʔϜεɾϑΟεΩϯ͕ఏএɻ Deliberative Pollingͷ໊শඪొ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ جຊతͳ༰ετϩϯάɾσϞΫϥγʔͱॏෳɻ ܚጯٛक़େֶʹ2013͝ͱD.P.θϛ͕ଘࡏͨ͠ɻ 20109݄ʹTimeࢽͰʮࢢຽʹ༗ҙٛͳܾஅ͕Ͱ͖Δͷ ͔ʁʯͱΘΕͨࡍɺϑΟεΩϯʮࣗݾޮྗײ͕͋Δͱ ͖ɺࢢຽઐॻΛࣗൃతʹಡΈɺઐՈʹڻ͘Α͏ͳӶ͍
࣭ΛͰ͖Δɻख़ٞͷΛ͑Δ͜ͱͱɺ৴ͯ͡ػձΛ༩͑ Δ͜ͱͱɺഊͷ༨Λ͞ͳ͍͜ͱ͕ॏཁͩʯͱ͍͏झࢫ ͷฦΛ͍ͯ͠Δɻ 1988
Deliberative Opinion Poll ϋʔόʔυେֶͰྙཧֶͷڭ佃ΛࣥΔหޢ࢜Ͱ͋ ΔϩʔϨϯεɾϨογάʹΑΔஶ࡞ They Don't Represent Us ͰҾ༻͞Εͨɻ
ϨογάϞϯΰϧɺΞΠεϥϯυɺΞΠϧϥϯυ Ͱͷվݑٞʹ͓͚Δར༻࣮ͱɺऺ۪తͰͳ͍ҙ ࢥܾఆͷࣄྫΛҾ༻͍ͯ͠Δɻ ετϩϯάσϞΫϥγʔʹൺֱͯ͠ෆ͍ͯ͠Δͷ ɺܧଓతʹ࣮ߦ͢Δࡍͷෛ୲ͷٞͰ͋ΓɺͲͪ Βʹෆ͍ͯ͠Δͷɺͷዞҙੑഊʹର ͢ΔରԠͷٞͰ͋Δɻ 2019
͞Βʹۙతͳຽओओٛ ใγεςϜͱϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ
Transformative Government ిࢠܥֶज़ࢽGovernment Information Quarterlyʹͯ 2019͝ΖΑΓࢄݟ͞ΕΔT-GOVͱݺΕΔ֓೦ɻ ICTٕज़Λʹಋೖ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΑΓߴͰॊೈͳ੍ ઃܭΛࢼͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ͜ͱΛओு͢ΔͷͰ͋Δ͕ɺҰ ۩ମతͳ࣮ʹؔ͢Δใଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ɻ 2019
Radical Democracy Ethereumൃ໌ऀVitalik ButerinͱPrinstonେֶ͓ΑͼϚΠΫϩιϑτݚڀॴͷ ܦࡁֶऀGlen Weyl͕ൃҊͨ͠ථ͓Αͼ༧ࢉׂํࣜɻ ͋ΔఏҊʹدΛߦ͏ͨͼʹɺQuadratic Fundingͱ͍͏ํఔࣜΛ༻͍ͯɺ૬ ֹͷ༧ࢉΛࠃݿͷΑ͏ͳࢿۚϓʔϧ͔ΒׂΓͯΔɻݴ͍͑ΔͱدΛ ථݖͱͨ͠ຽओओٛͱҰछͷϓϧʔτΫϥγʔͷؒʹ͋Δ༧ࢉํ
ࣜͰ͋Δɻ ϓϧʔτΫϥγʔ൷ͷͱͯ͠ɺQ.F.ͷํఔࣜରؔͳͷͰɺΉ͠ ΖࠓͷຽओओٛΑΓෆརͳཱʹͳΓ͍͢ਓʑʹ༏͍͠ͱ͍͏ͷ͕͋ Δɻ EthereumͷGlobal StateΛ༻͍ͳ͍ͱ࣮Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɺΠϯυͷΑ͏ͳେ ࠃͰར༻͢Δ͜ͱҙਤ͞Ε͓ͯΒͣɺखྉ্͕ঢ͢Δͱখֹدͷ࠷ ্ֹ͕ۚঢͯ͠͠·͍ɺෆརͳཱʹͳΓ͍͢ਓʑ͔ΒඃΛड͚Δɻ 2020
Internet of Democraticity චऀ͕ఏҊ͍ͯ͠ΔετϩϯάσϞΫϥγʔΛEthereumϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ্ Ͱ࣮͢Δख๏ɻRadical DemocracyͷܽͰ͋Δखྉͷରࡦͱͯ͠ɺࢀ ํ๏ΛࡦͷدͰͳ͘ɺετϩϯάσϞΫϥγʔͷఏҊ৹ٞͰߦ ͏͜ͱͱͯ͠ߟ͑ͨͨ͠ΊɺखྉߴಅͰͳ͍ɻ ख़ٞຽओओٛͷͨΊʹઃܭ͍ͯ͠ΔաఔͰຽओओ͕ٛΑ͘நԽ͞Εͨͨ ΊɺΧελϜͰؒຽओ੍༻Ͱ͖ɺ࣏ࣗମࠃՈͷITԽࢪࡦͷҰͱ͠
ͯಋೖ։࢝͢Δ͜ͱͰ͖Δɻ ετϩϯάσϞΫϥγʔͷܽͰ͋ͬͨͷዞҙੑɺEthereumͱ͍͏ϒ ϩοΫνΣʔϯͷվ᜵ੑΛ༻͍ͯཚΛऔಘͨ͠ΓࠃݿΛཧ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ղফ͞Εͨɻ࣏ഊͷରࡦɺֶతʹಋ͔ΕΔ݅Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δݶ Γɺ͍ͭͰຽҙͰഊͨ͠ߦΛ͙͢ʹೖΕସ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΈʹ Αͬͯ୲อ͍ͯ͠Δɻ ετϩϯάσϞΫϥγʔࣗମࣗ༝ओٛɺબຽࢥɺਓݖࢥΛڧ੍͢Δ ͷͰͳ͍ͷͰɺຽҙʹԠͯ͡ࢼߦࡨޡͰ͖Δɻ 2020
ͦͷଞͷຽओओٛ Slate Star Codexͷ·ͱΊΑΓ https://slatestarcodex.com/2020/06/17/slightly-skew-systems-of-government/ ※͜ͷհචऀͷࢍಉΛҙຯ͠ͳ͍ ※2 δϣʔΫͷΑ͏ͳ੍ઃܭ͕ଟ͍
Clamzoria தԝۜߦ͕ީิऀʹͻ͍ͮͨ࠴݊Λൃߦ͢Δɻ ͜ͷ࠴݊બऀͷظऴྃޙʹࠃຽঝೝͷ͚ͩརӹΛͤͯঈؐ͞Ε Δɻ બ͠ͳ͔ͬͨऀͷ࠴͍݊͞Εɺͦͷ࠴݊Λอ༗͍ͯͨ͠ऀརճΓ ΛಘΒΕͳ͍ɻ બऀՌΛٻΊΒΕΔ͕ނʹɺਓؾͷग़ͦ͏ͳࡦΛެͨ͠Γ࣮ߦ͢ ΔΠϯηϯςΟϒ͕ͳ͘ͳΓɺݱ࣮తͳࡦΛެͨ͠Γ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰঝ ೝΛߴΊͨΓݖӡӦΛ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳΔɻ Futarchyྨࣅͷ੍࣏Ͱ͋Δɻ
ຊจதͰLord Bloodholme͕࣮ࢪͨ͠ͱॻ͍ͯ͋Δ͕ɺ͜Εஶऀͷ࡞Ͱ ͋ΔɻSlate Star CodexஶऀϕΠΤϦΞࡏॅͷϒϩΨʔͰ͋Δɻ ࢢ࣏
Cognito େ౷ྖʹԿͷݖݶ࣋ͨͤͣɺࢢຽཱ๏Λߦ͏ɻ ࢢຽཱ๏ͷର֤ࢢʹ༻ҙ͞ΕͨάϦου༷ͷ͔͠ΕͨͰͷ ฏతσϞͱͯ͠ߦ͏ɻ σϞͷن͕େ͖͍ҙݟ͕࠾༻͞ΕΔɻ ిࢠථ͕ʑͱͯ͠ਐ·ͳ͍͜ͱͷδϣʔΫΛࠐΊͨΞΠσΞͩΖ͏ ͕ɺίϩφΟϧεͷ͍ͤͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔະདྷདྷͦ͏ʹͳ͍ɻ ݑ๏ͰఆΊΒΕͨऺ۪࣏
Yyphrostikoth 12ͷද͕ϝλͳٞձΛߏ͠ɺͦΕҎԼͷ࣏ࣗभͦΕͧΕʹԦɺٞձ ੍ຽओओٛɺϓϧʔτΫϥγʔ(ۚݖ࣏)ɺςΫϊΫϥγʔ(ϊʔϕϧड ऀΒʹΑΔಠࡋ)ɺϝϦτΫϥγʔ(ࢼݧ྅࣏)ɺ܉ࣄಠࡋɺڞ࢈ओٛɺ Futarchy(Clamzoriaࢀর)ɺδΣϩϯτΫϥγʔ(࣏)ɺϛφʔΩʔ(࠷খ ࠃՈ)ɺڞࠃओٛ(12ͷϝϯόʔʹΑͬͯදΛܾΊΔ੍)ɺςΦΫϥγʔ (ਆ͕બΜͩͱ͞ΕΔϥϯμϜʹબΕͨࢢຽ͕ධٞһͷܾΛڋ൱Ͱ͖Δ੍ )ͳͲΛׂΓͯΔɻ ϝλٞձ൴ΒΛࢹ͠ɺࣦΛॿ͚ɺόϥϯεΛͱΒͤΔɻ͔͠͠ϝλٞ ձͷϝϯόʔΫϥτΫϥγʔ(ڧ͍ऀ͕ࢧ͢Δ੍)ͰબΕΔɻ
ࠃ࿈ͱੈքͷؔͦͷͷͰ͢Ͷɻ શ෦ΓͷΪϟά͋Δ͍ࠃࡍடংͷΦϚʔδϡ
·ͱΊ 1. ༗໊ͳΪϦγϟͷຽओओ͔ٛΒΤετχΞͷຽओओ ٛ·ͰɺҰຽओओ͕ٛͨ͜͠ͱͳ͍ɻ 2. ຽओओ͕ٛΠϯλʔωοτΛར༻͢ΔͨΊʹɺར ༻ʹઌཱͬͯγεςϜͷ҆શੑࢀݖͷอશͳͲ ͕ඞཁͰ͋ΔɻͦΕ͕ෆेͰ͋Δ߹ɺશ͘ ͑ͳ͘ͳΔ͔ɺطଘͷΓํΛલఏͱͨ͠αϒͷཱ ͪҐஔʹͳΔɻ
3. ຽओओٛͦͷͷΛࢼߦࡨޡՄೳʹ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ ຽओओٛΛσδλϧԽ͢Δج൫ඞཁͰ͋Δɻ
՝ 1. ͋ΔγεςϜج൫Λಋೖ͢Δ͜ͱͰຽओओٛͷՄೳ ͳܗ͕҉ʹ੍ݶ͞Ε͍͚ͯͳ͍ɻຽओओٛͷ͋ ΓํΛ্खʹநԽ͠ɺΧελϜՄೳʹ͢Δඞཁ͕ ͋Δɻ 2. ຽओओٛج൫ΛΧελϜͯ͠ࢼߦࡨޡ͢ΔࡍʹɺͲ ͷΧελϜগͳ͘ͱγεςϜͱͯ҆͠શͰɺߦ ͕ഊͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ࠷খͷਓత٘ਜ਼ͰϦηοτ͕͔͚
ΒΕΔΑ͏ͳํ๏Λ֬ೝ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ 3. ෆརͳཱʹͳΓ͍͢ࢢຽͷʮΧελϚʔδϟʔ χʔʯΛߟ͑ͯɺ൴ΒΛแׅͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɻ