Projects ▪ Basic technologies and infrastructure ▪ iGesture recognition framework (www.igesture.org) ▪ integration of different tracking technologies ▪ iServer resource plug-ins, … ▪ Paper-based applications ▪ PaperPoint, paper-based interface to digital agenda/todo list (e.g. Outlook), paper-digital notebook, paper-digital photo album, … 3 We offer Master and Semester projects and are also looking for Hilfsassistenten
The Myth of the Paperless Office ▪ For decades, people have predicted the office of the future as a paperless office ▪ documents generated, published and distributed electronically ▪ documents read electronically ▪ What has happened to this imminent revolution?
Affordances of Paper ▪ The physical properties of an object determine how people use that object ▪ Properties of paper ▪ light, flexible, robust, porous, opaque, transparent, …. ▪ Human actions ▪ grasping, folding, tearing, carrying, writing, on …. ▪ Paper supports forms of collaboration and interaction difficult to mimic in the digital world
History of Paper … ▪ 1120 ▪ arab traders bring paper to Europe ▪ first paper mill in europe (Spain) ▪ 1440 ▪ Johannes Gutenberg develops the printing press ▪ increasing demand for paper ▪ 19th century ▪ paper gets cheaper (new paper making machines) 12
and Digital Media 13 Paper Digital Media readability interactivity portability dynamic presentation cheap search functionality flicking through pages easy to update multiple documents with spatial order typsetting systems persistency fast distribution privacy/security storing large amounts of data … …
Paper and Digital Media ▪ Complementary character of paper and digital information 15 Time has only confirmed this early indication of paper’s importance in the digital office. While other print technologies have come to compete with it, laser printer sales have increased twelve-fold in the past decade. If the digital office from PARC to the present is anything to go by, bits and atoms, the digital and the material, don’t seem so much in opposition as in tandem. Despite confident claims that their only relationship is one of replacement and dismissal, the two look much more like complementary resources. The Social Life of Information, Brown and Duguid, 2002
the Physical Space ▪ Embedding computing functionality in everyday objects instead of digitising the physical environment 16 At breakfast Sal reads the news. She still prefers the paper form, as do most people. She spots an interesting quote from a columnist in the business section. She wipes her pen over the newspaper’s name, date, section, and page number and then circles the quote. The pen sends a message to the paper, which transmits the quote to her office. The Computer for the 21st Century, Weiser, 1991
Paper Applications ▪ Reading ▪ links to additional digital information and services ▪ digital links between paper documents ▪ … ▪ Writing ▪ enhanced paper-based notebooks (e.g. with audio capture) ▪ paper-based form filling (e.g. FAS, Hewlett Packard) ▪ … 20
Paper Applications … ▪ Annotation ▪ proofreading of documents ▪ annotation of research papers ▪ … ▪ Paper-based user interfaces ▪ Palette and PaperPoint ▪ Video Mosaic ▪ … 21
Publishing ▪ BBC Blue Planet series ▪ television series - available on video/DVD ▪ book ▪ web site - fact files - quizzes - games ▪ Open University course book and CD 22
Digital/Physical Document Lifecycle ▪ Multiple digital/physical editing iteration cycles ▪ Digital and paper-based user interface ▪ Support for collaborative editing Digital Document Printed Document
the Paper-Digital Divide ▪ Many projects focus on the input device, paper, printing and other hardware technologies rather than on the data integration and information management aspects → isolated solutions ▪ The linking of paper tends to be based on physical rather than logical concepts → not easy to change to another input device technology 24
the Paper-Digital Divide … ▪ "The key to a highly integrated interactive paper solution lies in the introduction of a platform for general cross-media information management introducing fundamental link concepts in combination with other database functionality" ▪ Support all possible types of links between paper and digital media ▪ paper-to-digital, digital-to-paper, digital-to-digital and paper-to-paper 25
FieldMouse (Absolute Mouse) ▪ Combination of an ID recognizer (e.g. barcode reader) and a mouse detecting relative movement of the device ▪ Used in IconStickers, Scroll Browser and Active Book projects Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
Listen Reader ▪ Combines the look and feel of a real book with an interactive soundtrack ▪ Electric field sensors in the book binding ▪ RFID tags embedded in each page
Tourists and Maps ▪ Previsit ▪ activity planning ▪ layout and social zones of city ▪ Visit ▪ locator, proximity, navigation and event tasks ▪ Postvisit ▪ share experience with family and friends
▪ Fundamental Concepts for Interactive Paper and Cross-Media Information Spaces, B. Signer, Diss ETH Zurich Nr. 16218, 2006 ▪ The Myth of the Paperless Office, A.J. Sellen and R. Harper, MIT Press, November 2001 ▪ Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext and the Remediation of Print, J.D. Bolter, Second Edition, 2001 42
… ▪ Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age, D.M. Levy, Arcade Publishing, October 2001 ▪ How to Read a Book, M.J. Adler and C. Van Doren, Revised Edition, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1972 ▪ As We May Think, V. Bush, Atlantic Monthly, July 1945 43