False Starts in Athletics: Are they truly fair?

Talk given to the RSS Reading Local Group

Transcript

1. Fa l s e - St a r t s i n At h l e t i c s A r e t h e y t r u ly fa i r ? Ke v i n B r o s n a n , Un i ve r s i t y O f L i m e r i ck R S S R e a d i n g G r o u p , 8 t h D e c e m b e r 2 016
2. W h o a m I …
3. W h a t d o I d o …
4. W h a t d o I d o …
5. W h a t d o I d o …
6. W h a t d o I d o …
7. R e s e a r ch Te a m …
8. Dr. Norma Bargary R e s e a r ch Te a m …
9. Prof. Drew Harrison Dr. Norma Bargary R e s e a r ch Te a m …
10. Dr. Kevin Hayes Prof. Drew Harrison Dr. Norma Bargary R e s e a r ch Te a m …
11. O u t l i n e … • Athletics ✴ Starting Process ✴ False Starts ✴ Rules ✴ Response Times • Research Team • What have we done? • Rio 2016 - what could have been? • What’s left to do?
12. St a r t i n g P r o c e s s … Starter issues the instruction – “On your marks”.
13. St a r t i n g P r o c e s s … Starter issues the instruction – “On your marks”. When all Athletes are clearly settled, correctly positioned and still, the Starter will issue the command – “Set”.
14. St a r t i n g P r o c e s s … When the Athletes have all assumed their final starting position, and are steady, the gun will be fired. Starter issues the instruction – “On your marks”. When all Athletes are clearly settled, correctly positioned and still, the Starter will issue the command – “Set”.
15. Fa l s e St a r t s … “…when an IAAF approved Start Information System is in use, the Starter shall wear headphones in order to clearly hear the acoustic signal emitted when the System indicates a possible false start (i.e. when the reaction time is less than 0.100 second after the gun).”
18. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning R u l e s …
19. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning R u l e s …
20. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning R u l e s …
21. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning R u l e s …
22. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning Group Warning R u l e s …
23. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning Group Warning R u l e s …
24. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning Group Warning R u l e s …
25. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning Automatic Disqualification Group Warning R u l e s …
26. 1998 2004 2010 2016 Individual Warning Automatic Disqualification Group Warning R u l e s …
27. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for a person or system to react to a given stimulus or event
28. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol
29. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol
30. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol 3-6 ms
31. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol 3-6 ms 10-15 ms
32. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol 3-6 ms 10-15 ms 50 ms
33. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol 3-6 ms 10-15 ms 50 ms 25 ms
34. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol 3-6 ms 10-15 ms 50 ms 25 ms 5-10 ms
35. R e s p o n s e T i m e s … Time taken for an athlete to react to the starters pistol 3-6 ms 10-15 ms 50 ms 25 ms 5-10 ms 93-106 ms
36. T h e D a t a …
37. T h e D a t a … 2,310 1,007 1,303
38. T h e D a t a … 2,310 1,007 1,303 8,559 6,922 1,637
39. E u r o p e a n C h a mp i o n s h i p s …
40. E u r o p e a n C h a mp i o n s h i p s … Zurich 2014 Barcelona 2010 Helsinki 2012
41. E u r o p e a n C h a mp i o n s h i p s … Zurich 2014 Barcelona 2010 Helsinki 2012 Paris 2011 Turin 2009 Gotenberg 2013
42. Wo r l d C h a mp i o n s h i p s …
43. Wo r l d C h a mp i o n s h i p s … Edmonton 2001 Moscow 2013 Osaka 2007 Daegu 2011 Helsinki 2005 Birmingham 2003 Berlin 2009
44. Wo r l d C h a mp i o n s h i p s … Doha 2010 Edmonton 2001 Maebashi 1999 Moscow 2006 Moscow 2013 Osaka 2007 Daegu 2011 Istanbul 2012 Valencia 2008 Hungary 2004 Helsinki 2005 Birmingham 2003 Berlin 2009 Sopot 2014
45. E ve n t s … Event Response Time (ms) 100 200 300 400 500 100m 110m Hurdles 200m 60m 60m Hurdles 3 1 5 0 1
46. R u l i n g Pe r i o d s … Ruling Period Response Time (ms) 100 200 300 400 500 1999−2003 2004−2009 2010−2014 1 0 9
47. R u l i n g Pe r i o d s … Ruling Period Response Time (ms) 100 200 300 400 500 1999−2003 2004−2009 2010−2014 1 0 9 Ruling Period Response Time (ms) 100 200 300 400 500 1999−2003 2004−2009 2010−2014 1 0 8 Men 1999−2003 2004−2009 2010−2014 0 0 1 Women
48. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g …
49. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g …
50. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
51. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
52. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
53. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
54. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
55. M o d e l l i n g … f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
56. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
57. f ( RT|µ, , ⌧ ) = 1 ⌧ exp nµ ⌧ + 2 2⌧2 RT ⌧ o ✓RT µ 2 ⌧ ◆ M o d e l l i n g … Response Time Very Fast Fast Slow Very Slow
58. A r e M e n & Wo m e n t h e s a m e … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Men Women
59. A r e M e n & Wo m e n t h e s a m e … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
60. A r e M e n & Wo m e n t h e s a m e … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 So men are faster than women
61. A r e M e n & Wo m e n t h e s a m e … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 So men are faster than women …actually we aren’t it’s a technology and biology issue!
62. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r M e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003
63. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r M e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009
64. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r M e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014
65. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r M e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014 Response Times are getting slower as the rules change
66. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r M e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014 Response Times are getting slower as the rules change …athletes are less inclined to anticipate the starter’s gun!
67. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r M e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014 Response Times are getting slower as the rules change …athletes are less inclined to anticipate the starter’s gun! 115 ms
68. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r Wo m e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003
69. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r Wo m e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009
70. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r Wo m e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014
71. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r Wo m e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014 Response Times are getting slower as the rules change (again)
72. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r Wo m e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014 Response Times are getting slower as the rules change (again) …athletes are less inclined to anticipate the starter’s gun!
73. R u l e C h a n ge s fo r Wo m e n … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1999-2003 2004-2009 2010-2014 Response Times are getting slower as the rules change (again) …athletes are less inclined to anticipate the starter’s gun! 119 ms
74. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 R a c e fo r t h e M e d a l s … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Men Women
75. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 R a c e fo r t h e M e d a l s … 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
76. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 R a c e fo r t h e M e d a l s … Men Women 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
77. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 R a c e fo r t h e M e d a l s … Men Women 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
78. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 R a c e fo r t h e M e d a l s … Men Women 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 So women’s improvements for finals is much better than men so women are ‘cheating’ more often
79. 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 R a c e fo r t h e M e d a l s … Men Women 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 So women’s improvements for finals is much better than men so women are ‘cheating’ more often …actually it’s because men ‘cheat’ regardless of the race!
80. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l …
81. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l …
82. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l …
83. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l … 163 157 112 138 136 134 148 132
84. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l … 163 157 112 138 136 134 148 132 112
85. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l … 163 157 112 138 136 134 148 132 112
86. R i o 2 016 - Wo m e n s 10 0 m F i n a l … 163 157 112 138 136 134 148 132 112 Have Ivory Coast been denied a bronze medal?
87. W h a t ’ s l e f t t o d o …
88. W h a t ’ s l e f t t o d o …
89. W h a t ’ s l e f t t o d o …
90. W h a t ’ s l e f t t o d o … ?
91. U s a i n B o l t , 2 0 0 m … Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Rnd 4 Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Rnd 4 Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Rnd 4 Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Helsinki 2005 Osaka 2007 Berlin 2009 Daegu 2011 Moscow 2013 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 False Start
92. S h e l ly - A n n F r a s e r - P r yc e , 10 0 m … Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Rnd 4 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Rnd 4 Rnd 1 Rnd 2 Rnd 3 Berlin 2009 Daegu 2011 Moscow 2013 0 50 100 150 200 False Start
93. Thanks for Listening!