Perl5 Package Manager

Learn Languages 2018 in ODC (LL2018), 2018/08/26

Transcript

1. Perl5ͷ
   ύοέʔδϚωʔδϟ
   Shoichi Kaji
   

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2. Me
   • Shoichi Kaji
   • CPAN, github: skaji
   • the author of cpm

   (a Perl5 module installer)
   

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3. ͜ͷൃදͷ໨త
   • Perl5Λීஈ͋·Γ৮͍ͬͯͳ͍ਓΛର৅ʹ
   • ࠓޙɺPerl5Λ৮Ζ͏ͱͨ͠ͱ͖ͷͨΊʹ
   • moduleͷΠϯετʔϧ΍؅ཧͷ΍ΓํΛ

   ఏࣔ͢Δ
   

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4. Contents
   • moduleͷΠϯετʔϧ - cpanm
   • ґଘmoduleͷએݴ - cpanfile
   • ґଘmoduleͷversionอଘɺ࠶ݱ - carton
   • ·ͱΊ
   • ࠓޙͷಈ͖
   

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5. moduleͷΠϯετʔϧ
   › perl monitor.pl
   Can't locate Capture/Tiny.pm in @INC
   (you may need to install the Capture::Tiny module)…
   ͨͱ͑͹Perl5Ͱॻ͔Εͨ؂ࢹεΫϦϓτmonitor.pl͕
   ͋Δͱ͢ΔɻͦΕΛ࣮ߦ͢Δͱ...
   
   Capture::Tiny͕ೖͬͯͳ͍
   

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6. moduleͷΠϯετʔϧ
   moduleͷΠϯετʔϧʹ͸cpanmΛ࢖͏
   cpanmࣗ਎ͷΠϯετʔϧํ๏
   # case1. globalʹೖΕΔ
   › curl https://cpanmin.us | perl - -n App::cpanminus
   # ΋͠perl͕system perlͷ৔߹͸ɺ΋ͪΖΜsudo͕ඞཁ
   › curl https://cpanmin.us | perl - -n --sudo App::cpanminus
   # case2. ؀ڥΛԚͨ͘͠ͳ͍৔߹͸ΧϨϯτσΟϨΫτϦʹऔͬͯ͘Ε͹Α͍
   › curl -o cpanm https://cpanmin.us
   › perl ./cpanm --version
   

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7. moduleͷΠϯετʔϧ
   # Capture::TinyΛΠϯετʔϧ
   › cpanm -n Capture::Tiny
   Successfully installed Capture-Tiny-0.48
   › perl monitor.pl
   # WORkS!
   
   

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8. moduleͷΠϯετʔϧ
   # σϑΥϧτͰ͸୯ମςετΛ૸Β͔ͤͯΒΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ
   # -n ͰͦΕΛεΩοϓͰ͖Δ
   › cpanm -n Amon2
   # σϑΥϧτͰ͸ɺglobalͳσΟϨΫτϦʹmoduleΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ
   # ؀ڥΛԚͨ͘͠ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺ-L Λ࢖ͬͯΠϯετʔϧઌΛมߋ͢Δ
   › cpanm -L ./local Mojolicious
   # ࣮ߦ࣌͸ -I ͰͦͷσΟϨΫτϦΛsearch pathʹ௥Ճ͢Δ
   › perl -I ./local/lib/perl5 script.pl
   ͍͔ͭ͘ͷcpanmͷtips
   

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9. ґଘmoduleͷએݴ
   • ࣗ෼ͰPerl5ͷεΫϦϓτΛॻ͍ͨͱ͠Α͏
   • ͍͔ͭ͘ґଘmodule͕͋Δ͚ΕͲɺ

   ͦΕΛͲ͏Ϣʔβʹ఻͑Ε͹͍͍ͷ͔
   • cpanfileΛ࢖͓͏
   

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10. ґଘmoduleͷએݴ
    cpanfile - ґଘmoduleΛએݴ͢ΔϑΝΠϧ
    › cat cpanfile
    requires 'Plack', '1.0'; # 1.0 or newer
    requires 'JSON', '>= 2.00, < 2.80';
    # ୯ମςετ࣌ͷΈඞཁͳmodule
    on test => sub {
    requires 'Test::More', '== 1.302140';
    recommends 'Test::TCP', '1.12';
    };
    

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11. ґଘmoduleͷએݴ
    # cpanfile͕͋ΔσΟϨΫτϦͰcpanmΛ--installdepsͱͱ΋ʹ
    # ࣮ߦ͢Ε͹ґଘmoduleΛΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ
    › capnm -n --installdeps .
    # -L ͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤΕ͹ɺΧϨϯτσΟϨΫτϦʹ
    # ґଘmoduleΛΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ
    › cpanm -n -L ./local --installdeps .
    › perl -I ./local/lib/perl5 script.pl
    cpanfileʹґଘmoduleΛએݴ͢Ε͹

    cpanmͰ؆୯ʹΠϯετʔϧͰ͖Δ
    

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12. ґଘmoduleͷversionอଘɺ࠶ݱ
    • Perl5ͰຊࠊΛೖΕͯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛॻ͍͍ͯ͘
    ͱɺґଘmodule͸͙͢ʹ100Λ௒͑Δ
    • ͢Δͱґଘmoduleͷversionʹහײʹͳͬͯ͘Δ
    • ։ൃ؀ڥͰςετΛpassͨ͠ͱ͖ͷґଘmoduleͷ
    versionΛ͢΂ͯอଘ͠ɺͦΕΛຊ൪Ͱ΋࠶ݱ͍ͨ͠
    • cartonΛ࢖͓͏
    

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13. ґଘmoduleͷversionอଘɺ࠶ݱ
    # Cartonࣗ਎ͷΠϯετʔϧ
    › cpanm -n Carton
    # cpanfileͰએݴ͞ΕͨґଘmoduleΛ./localʹΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ
    › carton install
    Complete! Modules were installed into …/local
    # Πϯετʔϧͨ͠moduleͷversion͸cpanfile.snapshotʹอଘ͞ΕΔ
    › ls
    cpanfile cpanfile.snapshot local
    # carton execͰ./localΛsearch pathʹೖΕͯperlΛىಈͰ͖Δ
    # (΋ͪΖΜɺcarton execΛ࢖Θͣࣗ෼Ͱ-IΛࢦఆͯ͠΋Α͍)
    › carton exec perl script.pl
    cartonΛ༻͍ͨ։ൃϑϩʔ(1)
    

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14. ґଘmoduleͷversionอଘɺ࠶ݱ
    # ͦͷޙɺผͷ؀ڥͰ΋--deploymentΛ͚ͭͯΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ͜ͱͰ
    # snapshotʹهड़͞ΕͨversionΛ࠶ݱͰ͖Δ
    › carton install --deployment
    Installing modules using …/cpanfile (deployment mode)
    Complete! Modules were installed into …/local
    cartonΛ༻͍ͨ։ൃϑϩʔ(2)
    
    

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15. ·ͱΊ
    • moduleͷΠϯετʔϧʹ͸cpanmΛ࢖͏
    • ґଘmoduleͷએݴʹ͸cpanfileΛ࢖͏
    • ґଘmoduleͷversionอଘɺ࠶ݱʹ͸

    cartonΛ࢖͏
    

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16. ࠓޙͷಈ͖ (πʔϧ)
    • moduleΠϯετʔϥͱͯ͠cpanmҎ֎ʹ

    CPAN.pm, CPANPLUS, cpmͳͲ͕͋Δ
    • cartonͷޙܧͱͯ͠carmel͕։ൃ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    

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17. ࠓޙͷಈ͖ (࢓૊Έ)
    • Perl5Ͱ͸GNU Autotoolsͱಉ͡Α͏ʹϢʔβαΠυͰεΫϦϓτΛ࣮ߦͤ͞ɺΠ
    ϯετʔϧ࣌ͷڍಈΛಈతʹมԽͤ͞Δͷ͕ৗͰ͋ͬͨɻ

    Ұํɺେ఍ͷ৔߹͜Ε͸overkillͰ͋Γɺ੩తղੳͱ΋૬ੑ͕ѱ͍ɻ

    ͜Εʹର͠ɺࡢࠓɺ΋ͬͱγϯϓϧͳstatic installͱ͍͏Πϯετʔϧͷ࢓૊Έ͕
    ఏҊ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
    • Perl5Ͱ͸ී௨ɺ͢΂ͯͷmoduleͨͪΛ͋ΔҰͭͷσΟϨΫτϦʹ·ͱΊͯΠϯ
    ετʔϧ͍ͯ͠Δɻ

    ͔͠͠ɺͦ͏ͯ͠͠·͏ͱɺͲͷmodule͕Ͳͷdistributionʹଐ͢Δͷ͔Θ͔Β
    ͳ͘ͳΓɺ؅ཧ͕͠ʹ͘͘ͳΔɻ

    ͜Εʹର͠ɺʮdistribuitonΛผʑʹ؅ཧ͠ɺ࣮ߦ࣌ʹͦΕΒΛద੾ʹsearch
    pathʹ഑ஔ͠Α͏ʯͱ͍͏ΞΠσΞ͕͋Γ carmel͸·͞ʹͦΕΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    

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